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AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Adverse Drug Events (ADE) (1)
- Antibiotics (1)
- (-) Antimicrobial Stewardship (13)
- Children/Adolescents (3)
- Chronic Conditions (1)
- Clinical Decision Support (CDS) (1)
- Comparative Effectiveness (1)
- Critical Care (1)
- Elderly (2)
- Guidelines (1)
- Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) (3)
- Healthcare Costs (1)
- Infectious Diseases (1)
- Inpatient Care (1)
- Long-Term Care (2)
- Medication (3)
- Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (3)
- Mortality (1)
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) (1)
- Newborns/Infants (1)
- Nursing Homes (1)
- Outcomes (1)
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (2)
- Patient Safety (4)
- Prevention (3)
- Risk (1)
- Sepsis (1)
- Surgery (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 13 of 13 Research Studies DisplayedKronman MP, Hersh AL, Gerber JS
Identifying antimicrobial stewardship targets for pediatric surgical patients.
The authors examined the collective pool of all systemic antibiotics prescribed to children hospitalized for surgical conditions and identified common surgical conditions with highly variable and potentially unnecessary antibiotic use. They concluded that the use of vancomycin for pediatric cardiothoracic and neurosurgical patients, and broad-spectrum antipseudomonal agents for gastrointestinal surgery patients, represent potentially high-yield targets for stewardship efforts to reduce unnecessary antimicrobial use.
AHRQ-funded; HS023320.
Citation: Kronman MP, Hersh AL, Gerber JS .
Identifying antimicrobial stewardship targets for pediatric surgical patients.
J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2015 Dec;4(4):e100-8. doi: 10.1093/jpids/piv022.
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Keywords: Antibiotics, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Children/Adolescents, Children/Adolescents, Surgery
Smith MJ, Gerber JS, Hersh AL
Inpatient antimicrobial stewardship in pediatrics: a systematic review.
The purpose of this paper was to describe the clinical and economic outcomes associated with pediatric antimicrobial stewardship programs and other supplemental antimicrobial stewardship interventions. The authors concluded that the studies researched demonstrated reductions in antimicrobial utilization, cost, and prescribing errors with no apparent negative impact on patient safety.
AHRQ-funded; HS023320.
Citation: Smith MJ, Gerber JS, Hersh AL .
Inpatient antimicrobial stewardship in pediatrics: a systematic review.
J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2015 Dec;4(4):e127-35. doi: 10.1093/jpids/piu141.
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Keywords: Antimicrobial Stewardship, Children/Adolescents, Healthcare Costs, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Children/Adolescents
Lo Re V, 3rd, Haynes K, Forde KA
Risk of acute liver failure in patients with drug-induced liver injury: evaluation of Hy's Law and a new prognostic model.
The researchers aimed to develop a highly sensitive model to identify drug-induced liver injury (DILI) patients at increased risk of acute liver failure (ALF). negative predictive value (0.99), but low level of sensitivity (0.68) and positive predictive value (0.02). Their model, comprising data on platelet count and total bilirubin level, identified patients with ALF with a C statistic of 0.87 and enabled calculation of a risk score (Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity ALF Score).
AHRQ-funded; HS018372.
Citation: Lo Re V, 3rd, Haynes K, Forde KA .
Risk of acute liver failure in patients with drug-induced liver injury: evaluation of Hy's Law and a new prognostic model.
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015 Dec;13(13):2360-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2015.06.020.
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Keywords: Antimicrobial Stewardship, Medication, Chronic Conditions, Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Clinical Decision Support (CDS)
Kramer RD, Cooke CR, Liu V
Variation in the contents of sepsis bundles and quality measures. a systematic review.
The researchers sought to determine the degree of agreement on component elements of sepsis bundles and the associated timing goals for completion of each element. They also evaluated the amount of variation between metrics associated with bundles. They found that no bundle included metrics evaluating timeliness or completeness of sepsis recognition. Also, there was a lack of consensus on component elements and timing goals across highly recognized sepsis bundles.
AHRQ-funded; HS020672.
Citation: Kramer RD, Cooke CR, Liu V .
Variation in the contents of sepsis bundles and quality measures. a systematic review.
Ann Am Thorac Soc 2015 Nov;12(11):1676-84. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201503-163BC.
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Keywords: Sepsis, Mortality, Guidelines, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Outcomes
Peterson LR, Wright MO, Beaumont JL
Nonimpact of decolonization as an adjunctive measure to contact precautions for the control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus transmission in acute care.
This was an observational study comparing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) transmission with no decolonization of medical patients to required decolonization of all MRSA carriers during two consecutive periods: baseline with no decolonization of medical patients and universal MRSA carrier decolonization. The study concluded that decolonization of MRSA patients does not add benefit when contact precautions are used for patients colonized with MRSA in acute (hospital) care.
AHRQ-funded; HS019968.
Citation: Peterson LR, Wright MO, Beaumont JL .
Nonimpact of decolonization as an adjunctive measure to contact precautions for the control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus transmission in acute care.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015 Oct 12;60(1):99-104. doi: 10.1128/aac.02046-15.
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Keywords: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Critical Care, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Elderly, Patient Safety
Morelli JJ, Hogan PG, Sullivan ML
Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Staphylococcus aureus isolates recovered from humans, environmental surfaces, and companion animals in households of children with community-onset Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus infections.
The study objective was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Staphylococcus aureus isolates recovered from 110 households of children with community-onset methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections. It found that the S. aureus isolates were heterogeneous, although more than half were methicillin resistant. The highest proportion of MRSA was found in bathrooms.
AHRQ-funded; HS021736.
Citation: Morelli JJ, Hogan PG, Sullivan ML .
Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Staphylococcus aureus isolates recovered from humans, environmental surfaces, and companion animals in households of children with community-onset Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus infections.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015 Oct;59(10):6634-7. doi: 10.1128/aac.01492-15.
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Keywords: Antimicrobial Stewardship, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Children/Adolescents
Milstone AM, Koontz DW, Voskertchian A
Treating parents to reduce NICU transmission of Staphylococcus aureus (TREAT PARENTS) trial: protocol of a multisite randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
This study looks to measure the effect of treating parents with short course intranasal mupirocin and topical chlorhexidine antisepsis on acquisition of S. aureus colonisation and infection in neonates. The primary outcome will be neonatal acquisition of an S. aureus strain that is concordant to the parental baseline S. aureus strain.
AHRQ-funded; HS022872.
Citation: Milstone AM, Koontz DW, Voskertchian A .
Treating parents to reduce NICU transmission of Staphylococcus aureus (TREAT PARENTS) trial: protocol of a multisite randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
BMJ Open 2015 Sep 09;5(9):e009274. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009274.
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Keywords: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Newborns/Infants, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Prevention, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)
Creech CB, Al-Zubeidi DN, Fritz SA
Prevention of recurrent staphylococcal skin infections.
Staphylococcus aureus infections pose a significant health burden. As S aureus colonization is associated with subsequent infection, decolonization is recommended for patients with recurrent skin and soft tissue infections or in settings of ongoing transmission. S aureus infections often cluster within households, and asymptomatic carriers serve as reservoirs for transmission; therefore, a household approach to decolonization is more effective than measures performed by individuals alone.
AHRQ-funded; HS021736.
Citation: Creech CB, Al-Zubeidi DN, Fritz SA .
Prevention of recurrent staphylococcal skin infections.
Infect Dis Clin North Am 2015 Sep;29(3):429-64. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2015.05.007.
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Keywords: Prevention, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Antimicrobial Stewardship, Patient Safety
Pakyz AL, Moczygemba LR, Wang H
An evaluation of the association between an antimicrobial stewardship score and antimicrobial usage.
The objective of the study was to determine whether an antimicrobial stewardship ‘intensity’ score predicts hospital antimicrobial usage. It concluded that the strategy component of a score developed to measure the intensity of antimicrobial stewardship was associated with the amount of antimicrobials used.
AHRQ-funded; HS018578.
Citation: Pakyz AL, Moczygemba LR, Wang H .
An evaluation of the association between an antimicrobial stewardship score and antimicrobial usage.
J Antimicrob Chemother 2015 May;70(5):1588-91. doi: 10.1093/jac/dku555..
Keywords: Antimicrobial Stewardship, Inpatient Care, Patient Safety
Rothberg MB, Zilberberg MD, Pekow PS
Association of guideline-based antimicrobial therapy and outcomes in healthcare-associated pneumonia.
The study objective was to examine the association between guideline-based therapy (GBT) and outcomes for patients with healthcare associated pneumonia (HCAP). It found that among patients who met HCAP criteria, GBT was not associated with lower adjusted mortality, length of stay or costs in any analyses.
AHRQ-funded; HS018723.
Citation: Rothberg MB, Zilberberg MD, Pekow PS .
Association of guideline-based antimicrobial therapy and outcomes in healthcare-associated pneumonia.
J Antimicrob Chemother 2015 May;70(5):1573-9. doi: 10.1093/jac/dku533..
Keywords: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Antimicrobial Stewardship, Comparative Effectiveness
Hamilton KW, Gerber JS, Moehring R
Point-of-prescription interventions to improve antimicrobial stewardship.
The purpose of this review was to discuss interventions focusing on antimicrobial prescribing at the point of prescription as well as a pilot project to engage unit-based healthcare providers in antimicrobial stewardship.
AHRQ-funded; HS023866.
Citation: Hamilton KW, Gerber JS, Moehring R .
Point-of-prescription interventions to improve antimicrobial stewardship.
Clin Infect Dis 2015 Apr 15;60(8):1252-8. doi: 10.1093/cid/civ018.
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Keywords: Antimicrobial Stewardship, Infectious Diseases, Medication, Patient Safety, Prevention
Min L, Galecki A, Mody L
Functional disability and nursing resource use are predictive of antimicrobial resistance in nursing homes.
This study used a simple measure of activities of daily living, wounds, and indwelling devices (urinary catheter, feeding tube) to predict prevalent, new, and intermittent multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) acquisition in nursing home (NH) residents. It found that MDRO acquisition is common in community NHs. The need for nursing care predicts new MDRO acquisition in NHs, suggesting potential mechanisms for MDRO acquisition and strategies for future interventions for high-risk individuals.
AHRQ-funded; HS019979.
Citation: Min L, Galecki A, Mody L .
Functional disability and nursing resource use are predictive of antimicrobial resistance in nursing homes.
J Am Geriatr Soc 2015 Apr;63(4):659-66. doi: 10.1111/jgs.13353..
Keywords: Nursing Homes, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Elderly, Long-Term Care, Risk
Jump RL, Heath B, Crnich CJ
Knowledge, beliefs, and confidence regarding infections and antimicrobial stewardship: a survey of Veterans Affairs providers who care for older adults.
The reseasrchers conducted an anonymous survey of providers who care for older adults from 10 Veterans Affairs long-term-care facilities to assess their knowledge, beliefs, and confidence toward treating infections and antimicrobial stewardship. They found that the average score on 5 questions assessing knowledge was 3.6 out of 5.0, thus supporting a need for education regarding the care of older adults with infections.
AHRQ-funded; HS023866.
Citation: Jump RL, Heath B, Crnich CJ .
Knowledge, beliefs, and confidence regarding infections and antimicrobial stewardship: a survey of Veterans Affairs providers who care for older adults.
Am J Infect Control 2015 Mar;43(3):298-300. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2014.11.017.
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Keywords: Antimicrobial Stewardship, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Long-Term Care, Medication