Level Addressed: Theories that address how individual factors such as knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, prior experience, and personality influence behavioral choices
Theory/Model: Health belief model
Focus: Peoples' perceptions of the threat of a health problem and appraisal of behavior recommended to prevent or manage problem.
Key Concepts:
Perceived susceptibility
Perceived severity
Perceived benefits of action
Perceived barriers to action
Cues to action
Self-efficacy
Theory/Model Theory of reasoned action/theory of planned behavior
Focus: People are rational beings whose intention to perform a behavior strongly relates to its actual performance through beliefs, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control.
Key Concepts:
Behavioral intention
Subjective norms
Attitudes
Perceived behavioral control
Theory/Model Stages of change/transtheoretical model
Focus: Readiness to change or attempt to change a health behavior varies among individuals and within an individual over time. Relapse is a common occurrence and part of the normal process of change.
Key Concepts:
Precontemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
Relapse
Level Addressed: Theories that address processes between the individual and primary groups that provide social identity, support, and role definition
Theory/Model Social cognitive
theory/social
learning theory
Focus: Behavior is explained by dynamic interaction among personal factors, environmental influences, and behavior.
Key Concepts:
Observational learning
Reciprocal determinism
Outcome expectancy
Behavioral capacity
Self-efficacy
Reinforcement
Theory/Model Community organization/building
Focus: Processes by which community groups are helped to identify and address common problems or goals.
Key Concepts:
Participation and relevance
Empowerment
Community competence
Issue selection
Theory/Model Social marketing
Focus: The application of commercial marketing technologies to increase the practice of healthy behaviors in order to improve individual and collective well-being.
Key Concepts:
Consumer orientation
Audience segmentation
Communication channels analysis
Voluntary exchange of goods and services