| Study, Year | Quality | Time | Education | Support | Written Materials |
Intervention Breastfeeding N/Total (%) |
Control Breastfeeding N/Total (%) |
Difference % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Initiation | ||||||||
| McEnery & Rao, 198633 | Poor | Yes | No | No | 7/16 (44) | 16/51 (31) | 13 | |
| Hill, 198722 | Fair | Yes | No | Yes | 19/31 (61)* | 15/33 (46)* | 15 | |
| Kistin et al, 199020 | Fair | Yes | No | No | 17/38 (45)* | 13/56 (23)* | 22 | |
| Oakley & Rajan, 199024 | Fair | No | Yes | No | 105/230 (46) | 89/226 (39) | 7 | |
| Rossiter, 199435 | Poor | Yes | No | Yes | 73/104 (70)* | 28/74 (38)* | 32 | |
| Brent et al, 199523 | Fair | Yes | Yes | No | 33/58 (57)* | 18/57 (32)* | 25 | |
| Sciacca et al, 199526 | Poor | Yes | Yes | No | 26/26 (100)* | 24/29 (83)* | 17 | |
| Loh et al, 199731 | Poor | No | No | Yes | 43/98 (44) | 30/98 (32) | 12 | |
| Reifsnider & Eckhart, 199745 | Poor | Yes | No | No | 13/14 (93) | 13/17 (77) | 17 | |
| Short-Term | ||||||||
| Kaplowitz & Olson, 198332 | Poor | 2 mo | No | No | Yes | 5/18 (28) | 5/22 (23) | 5 |
| Wiles, 198434 | Poor | 1 mo | Yes | No | No | 18/20 (90) | 6/20 (30) | 60 |
| Jones & West, 198537 | Poor | 4 wk | No | Yes | No | 191/228 (84)* | 255/355 (72)* | 12 |
| Hill, 198722 | Fair | 6 wk | Yes | No | Yes | 12/31 (39)* | 10/33 (30)* | 9 |
| Kistin et al, 199020 | Fair | < 6 wk | Yes | No | No | 8/38 (21) | 8/56 (14) | 7 |
| Serafino-Cross & Donovan, 199225 | Fair | 2 mo | No | Yes | No | 16/26 (62) | 9/26 (35) | 27 |
| Rossiter, 199435 | Poor | 4 wk | Yes | No | Yes | 52/104 (50)* | 19/74 (26)* | 24 |
| Brent et al, 199523 | Fair | 2 mo | Yes | Yes | No | 19/51 (37)* | 5/57 (9)* | 28 |
| Redman et al, 199529 | Fair | 6 wk | Yes | Yes | Yes | 64/81 (79) | 68/83 (82) | (-) 3 |
| Sciacca et al, 199526 | Poor | 2 mo | Yes | Yes | No | 21/26 (81)* | 9/29 (31)* | 50 |
| Duffy et al, 199719 | Fair | < 6 wk | Yes | No | No | 32/35 (92)* | 10/35 (29)* | 63 |
| Loh et al, 199731 | Poor | 4 wk | No | No | Yes | 29/38 (76) | 17/27 (63) | 10 |
| Long-term | ||||||||
| Jones & West, 198537 | Poor | 6 mo | No | Yes | No | 86/228 (38) | 98/355 (28) | 10 |
| Frank et al, 198727 | Poor | 4 mo | No | Yes | Yes | 103/163 (63) | 90/160 (56) | 7 |
| Rossiter, 199435 | Poor | 6 mo | Yes | No | Yes | 26/101 (26) | 12/74 (16) | 10 |
| Brent et al, 199523 | Fair | 6 mo | Yes | Yes | No | 7/51 (14) | 4/57 (7) | 7 |
| Redman et al, 199529 | Fair | 4 mo | Yes | Yes | Yes | 42/75 (56) | 45/77 (58) | (-) 2 |
| Curro et al, 199730 | Good | 6 mo | Yes | No | Yes | 61/103 (59) | 50/97 (52) | 7 |
| Pugh & Milligan, 199821 | Fair | 6 mo | Yes | Yes | No | 15/30 (50) | 8/30 (27) | 23 |