Screening Adults for Type 2 Diabetes: A Cost-effectiveness Analysis. Table 2. Targeted Screening for People with Hypertension Only, with Intensive Glycemic Control and Intensified Hypertension Control after Diagnosis

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Table 2. Targeted Screening for People with Hypertension Only, with Intensive Glycemic Control and Intensified Hypertension Control after Diagnosis

Illustrative Case in the Model		Age at Diagnosis, (y)	Results per True Diabetes Case							Results per Person Screened							Cost/ QALY ($)
			Lifetime Cumulative Incidence (%)					Life-Years^a	QALYs^b	Lifetime Costs ($)^a					Life-Years Gained^a	QALYs Gained^b
			ESRD	LEA	Blind	Stroke	CHD	Life-Years^a	QALYs^b	Screen & Diagnostic Testing	Diab. Treatment	Diab. Intervention	Diab. Complications	Total	Life-Years Gained^a	QALYs Gained^b
Screen at 35 y		(onset at 30 y)
	W/o screening	40	25.30	40.18	12.32	13.08	21.86	33.27	19.73	0	1,012	920	2,619	4,551
	W/ screening	35	24.68	40.27	12.41	13.24	21.51	33.45	19.81	25	1,174	1,149	2,569	4,917
	Screening effect		-0.62	0.09	0.09	0.16	-0.35	0.18	0.08	25	162	229	-50	366	0.010	0.004	87,096
Screen at 45 y		(onset at 40 y)
	W/o screening	50	14.90	27.64	8.72	15.12	26.13	26.20	16.84	0	830	758	1,827	3,415
	W/ screening	45	14.57	27.92	8.87	15.40	24.67	26.49	17.00	25	999	999	1,798	3,820
	Screening effect		-0.33	0.28	0.15	0.28	-1.46	0.30	0.16	25	169	241	-29	405	0.016	0.008	46,881
Screen at 55 y		(onset at 50 y)
	W/o screening	60	6.50	15.10	5.15	15.38	29.93	18.90	13.23	0	941	858	1,884	3,682
	W/ screening	55	6.39	15.40	5.29	15.76	27.40	19.24	13.44	25	1,187	1,221	1,859	4,292
	Screening effect		-0.11	0.3	0.14	0.38	-2.53	0.35	0.22	25	246	363	-25	610	0.029	0.018	34,375
Screen at 65 y		(onset at 60 y)
	W/o screening	70	1.82	6.04	2.45	15.58	28.87	12.30	9.34	0	249	223	526	998
	W/ screening	65	1.79	6.20	2.56	16.06	25.57	12.63	9.57	23	336	361	522	1,242
	Screening effect		-0.03	0.16	0.11	0.48	-3.30	0.33	0.23	23	88	138	-4	245	0.011	0.008	31,228
Screen at 75 y		(onset at 70 y)
	W/o screening	80	0.23	1.69	0.84	14.97	24.42	7.28	5.93	0	162	136	422	720
	W/ screening	75	0.22	1.72	0.88	15.40	21.09	7.51	6.11	21	238	270	423	952
	Screening effect		-0.01	0.03	0.04	0.43	-3.33	0.23	0.18	21	76	134	1	231	0.009	0.007	32,106

^a Undiscounted.
^b Discounted at 3%.

Note: Screening effects are expressed as percentage points. CHD = Coronary heart disease events; Diab. = Diabetes; ESRD = End-stage renal disease; LEA = Lower-extremity amputation; QALY = Quality-adjusted life year.

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