| Risk Factor |
Relative Risk (95% confidence interval) |
References |
| Age: per 2 years |
1.11 (1.01-1.21) |
26 |
| Age: per 5 years |
1.94 (1.55-2.42) |
27 |
| Body Mass Index per increase of: 0.01 kg/m2 |
0.4 (0.3-0.6) |
28 |
| Body Mass Index: 10 kg/m2 |
0.58 (0.36-0.92) |
27 |
| Body Mass Index: ≥25.6 kg/m2 |
0.7 (0.5-0.9) wrist;
1.6 (1.0-2.4) ankle |
26 |
| Body Mass Index: ≥28.6 kg/m2 |
0.5 (0.4-0.7) wrist;
2.0 (1.3-3.1) ankle |
26 |
| Body Mass Index: Low |
1.1 (1.0-1.2) |
29 |
| Height: per 0.1 m |
1.58 (1.18-2.12) |
27 |
| Mother with fracture |
1.27 (1.16-1.40) |
30 |
| Grandmother with hip fracture |
3.70 (1.55-8.85) |
31 |
| Hormone replacement therapy: Current use |
0.82 (0.74-0.91) |
30 |
| Hormone replacement therapy: per 5 years use |
0.5 (0.2-0.9) |
28 |
| Hormone replacement therapy: >2 years use |
0.44 (0.22-0.89) |
32 |
| Hormone replacement therapy: Long history of use |
0.70 (0.50-0.96) |
33 |
| African American |
0.54 (0.41-0.72) |
30 |
| Diabetes mellitus |
9.17 (3.38-24.92) |
27 |
| Chronic conditions |
1.3 (1.1-1.5) |
26 |
| Disability pension |
3.79 (2.15-6.68) |
27 |
| Long-term work disability |
1.3 (1.1-1.6) |
26 |
| Self-rated health (fair/poor) |
1.79 (1.52-2.11) |
30 |
| Moderate daily physical activity |
0.61 (0.37-0.99) |
32 |
| Alcohol: ≥100 g/wk |
1.70 (1.08-2.67) |
33 |
| Alcohol: Regular use |
1.4 (1.3-4.4) |
29 |
| Alcohol: 1 to 6 drinks/wk |
0.85 (0.75-0.96) |
30 |
| Smoking: Current |
1.5 (1.3-1.5);
1.14 (1.00-1.30) |
26,30 |
| Smoking: Former |
1.09 (1.00-1.19) |
30 |
| Smoking: ≥11 cigarettes/day |
3.0 (1.9-4.6) |
26 |
| Unmarried |
2.16 (1.28-3.64) |
27 |
| College education or higher |
1.26 (1.16-1.38) |
30 |
| Age at menopause |
0.94 (0.88-0.99) |
32 |
| Years since menopause: 10 to 19 |
1.18 (1.01-1.38) |
30 |
| Years since menopause: 20 to 29 |
1.31 (1.12-1.54) |
30 |
| Years since menopause: 30 |
1.51 (1.26-1.81) |
30 |
| Oophorectomy <45 years |
3.64 (1.01-13.04) |
33 |
| 5 or more children |
2.5 (1.1-6.7) |
29 |
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