Appendix Table 1. Eligibility Criteria, Search Strategy, and Results of Searches
| Key Question |
Inclusion Criteria |
Search Terms |
Number of Articles |
| Identified for Abstract Review |
Retained for Full Review |
| 1. Efficacy of screening in reducing mortality from prostate cancer |
- RCT or case-control |
Prostate neoplasms
Mass screening
RCT
Case-control |
100 |
RCT: 1
Case-control: 2 |
| - Surveillance (ecologic) study of PC incidence, morbidity, or mortality over time |
Prostate neoplasms
Incidence
Mortality
Trends
Surveillance |
1,399 |
Ecologic: 15 |
| 2. Yield of screening tests |
- Unselected population without PC
- Screening test used for all
- Result of screening test compared with a valid reference standard |
Prostate neoplasms
Mass screening
DRE, PSA
Diagnosis
Sensitivity/Specificity
Predictive value
Reproducibility
Screening programs |
1,905 |
35 |
| 3-6. Health outcomes of treatment |
- RCT
- Follow-up at least 2 years
- At least 75% of patients followed
- Health outcomes |
Prostate neoplasms
Therapeutics
Treatment
Surgery
Prostatectomy
Radiation
Brachytherapy
RCT |
656 |
KQ3: 1
KQ4: 0
KQ5: 2
KQ6: 1 |
| 7. Harms of treatment |
- Unselected population with PC
- Treated group compared with valid comparison group
- Either randomized or adjustment for confounders
- Not metastatic cancer
- Valid measures of harms
- At least 75% of patients followed
- At least 1 year followup |
Prostate neoplasms
Therapeutics
Treatment
Surgery
Prostatectomy
Radiation
Adverse effects
Side effects
Impotence
Urinary incontinence
Quality of life |
923 |
32 |
| 8. Costs/cost-effectiveness of screening |
- Costs of screening
- Costs of treatment
- Cost-effectiveness, cost-utility
- Modeling studies |
Costs and cost analysis
Cost-benefit
Cost-effectiveness |
84 |
2 |
| 9. Harms of screening |
- Unselected population
- Screened group compared with unscreened group
- Randomized trial or adjustment for confounders
- Reliable measure of adverse effects |
Prostate neoplasms
Mass screening
Adverse effects
Anxiety, depression
Labeling
Quality of life |
94 |
1 |
Note: DRE indicates digital rectal examination; KQ, key question; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; RCT, randomized controlled trial.
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