| Vitamin |
Supplement |
Evidence |
| Vitamin A |
Cohort
(1 study) |
No effect on coronary death. |
| Primary prevention |
No data. |
| Secondary prevention |
No data. |
| Vitamin C |
Cohort
(5 studies) |
No effect on primary prevention of coronary heart disease in 3; decreased cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in 1. No effect on progression of coronary stenosis in 1. Reduction in progression of coronary stenosis in 1. |
| Primary prevention |
No data. |
Secondary prevention
(1 study) |
Decrease in restenosis and reintervention in one poor quality trial. |
| Vitamin E |
Cohort
(5 studies) |
Decrease in primary prevention of coronary events or death in 3, no effect in 2. |
Primary prevention
(3 studies) |
No effect on cardiovascular events or cardiovascular or all-cause mortality. |
Secondary prevention
(7 studies) |
No effect on restenosis, angina or events in 6, decrease in myocardial infarction and cardiac events in 1. Secondary analysis in 1 demonstrates reduction in cardiovascular death. |
| Beta-carotene |
Cohort |
No data. |
Primary prevention
(4 studies) |
No effect on myocardial infarction, cardiovascular events, cardiovascular mortality in 4. Increase in all-cause mortality in 1. |
Secondary prevention
(2 studies) |
In 1, increase in fatal coronary heart disease and fatal myocardial infarction in subgroup with prior myocardial infarction; no effect on all myocardial infarctions. No effect on anginal change, cardiovascular events or mortality in subgroup with angina at baseline. No effect on myocardial infarction, cardiovascular events or mortality in 1. |
| Antioxidants |
Cohort
(4 studies) |
Decrease in myocardial infarction in 1, decrease in coronary death and all-cause mortality in 1, no effect on all-cause mortality and a decrease in cardiovascular mortality only in women in 1, no effect on cardiovascular mortality in 1. |
Primary prevention
(3 studies) |
No effect on cardiovascular disease mortality in 2. Increase in all-cause mortality in 1, no effect in 2. Reduction in reported chest pain in 1. |
Secondary prevention
(3 studies) |
No effect on restenosis or events. Increase in all-cause mortality in 1. |
| Multivitamins |
Cohort
(3 studies) |
No effect on coronary disease or cardiovascular mortality in 3 studies. Decrease in major coronary events in 1 with earlier analysis of no effect. No effect on all-cause mortality in 1, increase in men but not women in 1. |
| Primary prevention |
No data. |
Secondary prevention
(1 study) |
Decrease in restenosis, cardiovascular events. |
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