Screening and Interventions for Childhood Overweight: A Summary of the Evidence, Table 1

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Table 1. Overweight and Obesity Associated Health Conditions in Children and Adolescents

Health Condition	Population Source (Number)	Age/Race- Ethnicity/Gender	Level of Overweight	Prevalence %	Reference Cited in Source Bibliography
Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus Type II	Community N=2066	PIMA NA^a			Dabelea, 1998²³
		-ages 15-19 yrs girls boys		5.31 3.78
		-ages 10-14 yrs girls boys		2.88 1.4
	Community N=142	Navajo NA -ages 12-19		1.41	Lobstein, 2004⁴
	NHANES III N=2867	NHW, NHB, MA adolescents -ages 12-19		.04 (includes Type I DM as well)
Diabetes Mellitus Type II	Obesity clinic N=55	Multi-ethnic boys and girls -ages 4-10 years	BMI > for age & sex (95%ile)	0	Sinha, 2002²⁴
Diabetes Mellitus Type II	Obesity clinic N=112	Multi-ethnic boys and girls -ages 11-18 years	BMI > 95%ile	4 (all were NHB or H)
Asthma
Parental report of doctor diagnosed asthma in child	NHANES III Subset of children with family history of parental asthma N=625	Ages 10-16 years, multiethnic girls and boys	BMI > 85 BMI < 85	31 14.5	Rodriguez, 2002¹⁵
Sleep Apnea (SA)
Sleep-associated abnormal breathing tests	Obese children referred for history of sleep disordered breathing N=32	Ages 2.7-13.8 years, multiethnic boys and girls	Mean IBW = 196 ± 45%	40-90	Silvestri, 1993¹⁷
1 or more abnormal polysomnography test	Obesity clinic N=222	Children and adolescents -ages 3-20 years	"Severe obesity" - >150% IBW, mean = 208% IBW	6.8 (calc)	Mallory, 1989¹⁸
Severely abnormal tests (severe SA)	Obesity clinic N=222	Children and adolescents -ages 3-20 years	"Severe obesity" - >150% IBW, mean = 208% IBW	1 (calc)	Mallory, 1989¹⁸
1 or more abnormal polysomnography test	Obesity clinic patients with history of sleep disordered breathing N=41	Children and adolescents -ages 3-20 years	"Severe obesity" - >150% IBW, mean = 208% IBW	32	Mallory, 1989¹⁸
Severely abnormal tests (severe SA)		Children and adolescents -ages 3-20 years	"Severe obesity" - >150% IBW, mean = 208% IBW	5	Mallory, 1989¹⁸
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Steatosis by U.S.	General pediatric N=810	Japanese school boys and girls -ages 4-12 years	Population sample	3	Tominaga, 1995¹⁹
Steatosis by U.S.	Obesity clinic N=72	Italian boys and girls -ages 4.5-15.9 years	Obese > 120% IBW	53	Franzese, 1997²⁰
Steatosis and elevated transaminases (presumptive NASH)	Obesity clinic N=72	Italian boys and girls -ages 4.5-15.9 years	Obese > 120% IBW	Of these, 32% had elevated transaminases (calc)	Franzese, 1997²⁰
Steatosis by U.S.	Obesity clinic N=84	Chinese children, mean age 12	BMI > 95th percentile for age and sex	77	Chan, 2004²¹
Steatosis and elevated transaminases (presumptive NASH)	Obesity clinic N=84	Chinese children, mean age 12	BMI > 95th percentile for age and sex	24	Chan, 2004²¹
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis				3.4 per 100,000 children (50-70% are "obese")	Kelsey, 1973¹⁶

^aThe highest risk population in the world (Dabelea D. Endo and Metab clinic 1999).

Notes: Calc: calculated number.
Childhood morbidities discussed in reviews without reporting prevalence: Binge-eating disorders, low self-esteem.

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