Prenatal Screening for HIV: Review of the Evidence, Table 1.

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Study, Year (Reference)	Location	Interventions	Mother–Infant Pairs Enrolled, n	Mother-to-Child Transmission Rate, %	Cesarean Section Rate, %	Breastfeeding Rate, %	Internal Validity Rating
Italian Register for HIV Infection in Children, 2002⁸⁸	Italy	No antiretroviral agents	2440	18.5	97.7 overall, 69.9 elective	2.8 overall	Good
		ZDV alone	743	6.1
		>2 antiretroviral agents	248	1.6
Women and Infants' Transmission Study, 2002⁸²	US	No antiretroviral agents	396	20.0	20.1	No infant was breastfed	Good
		ZDV alone	710	10.4	24.0
		2 antiretroviral agents	186	3.8	33.8
		HAART	250	1.2	44.4^b
European Collaborative Study, 2005⁸⁹	Europe	No antiretroviral agents	157	11.5	16 emergency, 61 elective overall	2 overall (through 2000)	Good
European Collaborative Study, 2005⁸⁹	Europe	HAART	918	1.2	16 emergency, 61 elective overall	2 overall (through 2000)	Good
French Perinatal Study, 2001⁹⁰	France	ZDV alone (historical control group)	858	6.8	16 elective	0.3	Fair (used historical controls)
French Perinatal Study, 2001⁹⁰	France	Lamivudine + ZDV from 32nd wk of pregnancy and to the child for 6 wk	437	1.6	22 elective	0.5	Fair (used historical controls)

^aHAART = highly active antiretroviral therapy; ZDV = zidovudine.
^b.p=0.0001.