| Antiretroviral Regimen Comparison | Risk for Mother-to-Child Transmission | Study, Year (Reference) | Type of Study | Confounders Included in Logistic Models (Observational Studies) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zidovudine alone (complete PACTG 076) vs. placebo | Relative risk, 0.32 (95% CI, 0.18–0.59) | Connor, et al., 199485 | Randomized, controlled trial | Not applicable |
| Adjusted OR, 0.12 (95% CI, 0.05–0.30) | Italian Register for HIV Infection in Children, 200288 | Prospective cohort study | Mode of delivery, method of feeding, infant sex, gestational age, mother's category of exposure to HIV, whether mother was from an HIV-1-endemic area, maternal clinical condition at delivery, parity, and twinship | |
| 1 or 2 antiretroviral agents vs. no antiretroviral agents | Adjusted OR, 0.49 (95% CI, 0.31–0.76) | European Collaborative Study, 200589 | Prospective cohort study | Mode of delivery, prematurity, and maternal CD4 cell count |
| >2 antiretroviral agents vs. no antiretroviral agents | Adjusted OR, 0.07 (95% CI, 0.02–0.23) | Italian Register for HIV Infection in Children, 200288 | Prospective cohort study | Listed elsewhere in table |
| HAART vs. no antiretroviral agents | Adjusted OR, 0.13 (95% CI, 0.06–0.27) | European Collaborative Study, 200589 | Prospective cohort study | Listed elsewhere in table |
| >2 antiretroviral agents vs. zidovudine alone | Adjusted OR, 0.22 (95% CI, 0.10–0.59) | Mandelbrot, et al., 200190 | Cohort study with historical controls | Mode of delivery, presence of advanced maternal HIV-1 disease, and previous antiretroviral therapy |
| Adjusted OR, 0.30 (95% CI, 0.09–1.02) | Cooper, 200282 | Prospective cohort study | Number of pregnancy visits during therapy, maternal CD4 cell count, duration of membrane rupture, mode of delivery, infant birthweight, neonatal antiretroviral therapy, maternal plasma HIV-1 RNA level at delivery, hard drug use during pregnancy, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention class C events, infant gestational age, and antiretroviral use before pregnancy | |
| HAART vs. zidovudine alone | Adjusted OR, 0.27 (95% CI, 0.08–0.94) | Cooper, et al., 200282 | Prospective cohort study | Listed elsewhere in table |
aHAART = highly active antiretroviral therapy; OR = odds ratio.