Screening for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: A Systematic Literature Review, Table 2. Comparison of Screening Approaches Represented in RCTs

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Study, Year Setting	Clinical Exam Only				Selective Ultrasound				Universal Ultrasound
Study, Year Setting	N	Treat- ment Rate^a	Late Diag- nosis Rate^a	Subse- quent Treatment Required^a,b	N	Treat- ment Rate^a	Late Diag- nosis Rate^a	Subse- quent Treatment Required^a,b	N	Treat- ment Rate^a	Late Diag- nosis Rate^a	Subse- quent Treatment Required^a,b
Elbourne, 2002 Infants < 43 days of age, with hip instability on initial exam, Referred to 33 clinics, UK 1994-98	315	492	NR	63					314	385	NR	54
Holen, 2002 Newborns 1-3 days old in hospital, Norway 1988-92					7689	8.6	0.65	0.13	7640	9.6	0.13	0.26
Rosendahl, 1994 Newborns in maternity hospital, Norway 1988-90	3924	18	2.6	1.2	4388	20	2.1	0.7	3618	34	1.4	0.3

Note: NR, not reported.

^aNumber per 1,000 children.
^bAdditional treatment required, indicating primary treatment was unsuccessful.