Primary Care Interventions to Promote Breastfeeding: Article

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Specific Intervention Component	Initiation		Short-Term		Intermediate-Term		Long-Term		P Value for Trend
Specific Intervention Component	Studies, n	Rate Ratio(95% CI)	Studies, n	Rate Ratio(95% CI)	Studies, n	Rate Ratio(95% CI)	Studies, n	Rate Ratio(95% CI)	P Value for Trend
Any breastfeeding
Formal or structured education	7	1.09 (0.98–1.21)	7	1.11 (0.92–1.33)	4	1.04 (0.78–1.39)	3	0.95 (0.86–1.05)	0.39
System-level professional support	2	1.06 (0.95–1.17)	3	1.07 (0.92–1.26)	2	0.96 (0.84–1.11)	2	1.16 (0.80–1.68)	0.92
Individual-level professional support	9	1.04 (0.98–1.10)	9	1.06 (0.96–1.17)	6	1.08 (1.95–1.21)	5	1.23 (0.99–1.53)	0.20
Lay support	3	1.09 (0.92–1.28)	5	1.22 (1.08–1.37)	1	1.30 (0.77–2.19)	2	1.37 (0.98–1.91)	0.040
Exclusive breastfeeding
Formal or structured education	4	1.09 (0.90–1.33)	3	1.16 (0.84–1.59)	1	0.97 (0.48–1.95)	3	1.05 (0.74–1.50)	0.28
System-level professional support	0	–	3	1.89 (0.41–8.79)	1	0.97 (0.35–2.69)	1	13.3 (9.89–17.8)	-
Individual-level professional support	7	1.04 (0.98–1.10)	11	1.79 (0.88–3.65)	0	–	9	2.27 (0.97–5.28)	0.060
Lay support	1	1.39 (1.01–1.92)	4	1.65 (1.03–2.63)	1	5.00 (0.24–102)	1	1.90 (0.55–6.60)	0.83

* Compared with usual care. Indirect comparison across different subgroups could be misleading.