Table 5. Summary of the Effect of Feedback from Screening on Patient Outcomes
Screening for Depression in Adults: Summary of the Evidence
| Author, Year (Reference) | Outcome Measured | Outcome Data | Absolute Difference (95% CI) | P Value2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention Group Value | Control Group Value | ||||
| Johnstone and Goldberg, 1976 (14)3 | Mean months of depression in 1 year | 4.2 | 6.3 | -2.1 (NR) | < 0.01 |
| Moore et al., 1978 (15)3 | NR | NR | NR | NR | |
| Linn and Yager, 1980 (16)4 | NR | NR | NR | NR | |
| Zung and King, 1983 (17)5 | Percentage of participants with <12-point decrease on SDS at 1 month | 33% | 65% | -32% (-61% to -3%) | 0.04 |
| Magruder-Habib et al., 1990 (18)5 | NR | NR | NR | NR | |
| Callahan et al., 1994 (19)5 and 1996 (21)5 | Percentage of participants with HAM-D > or = 10 at 6 months | 87% | 88% | -1% (-11% to 9%) | |
| Dowrick, 1995 (20)3 | NR | NR | NR | 7 (-9 to 23) | |
| Lewis et al., 1996 (22)3 | Percentage of participants who had not improved at 6 weeks (GHQ score > or = 2) | 69% | 74.5% | -5 percentage points (-14 to 3 percentage points) | |
| Reifler et al., 1996 (23) | Zung SDS score | 6 | 6 | 6 | |
| Williams et al., 1999 (11)3 | Percentage of participants who were depressed at 3 months DSM-III-R criteria | 37% | 46% | -8 percentage points (-21 to 4 percentage points) | |
| Katzelnick et al., 2000 (12) | Percentage of participants who were depressed at 12 months (HAM-D > or = 7) | 55% | 72% | -18 percentage points (-27 to -8 percentage points) | 0.001 |
| Wells et al., 2000 (24)3 | Percentage of participants who were depressed at 6 months | 55.4% | 64.4% | -9 percentage points (-15 to -3 percentage points) | 0.005 |
| Whooley et al., 2000 (25)3 | Percentage of participants who were depressed at 24 months (GDS > or = 6) | 42% | 50% | -8 percentage points (-21 to 6 percentage points) | > 0.2 |
| Rost et al., 2001 (13) | Mean change in CES-D score | 21.7 | 13.5 | 8.2 (NR) | -8 percentage points (-21 to 6 percentage points) |
Note: CES-D indicates Center for Epidemiologic Study Depression scale; DSM-III-R, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, third edition, revised; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; GHQ, General Health Questionnaire; HAM-D, Hamilton Depression Scale; NR, not reported and cannot be calculated from available data; SDS, Self-Depression Scale; SDDS, Symptom-Driven Diagnostic System for Primary Care.
1 All figures are rounded to nearest percentage..
2 P values were not always reported.
3 Denominator is patients who screened positive.
4 Denominator is all patients.
5 Denominator is patients who screened positive and were confirmed to have major depression on diagnostic interview.
6 No data were given; the investigators stated that there was "no difference for those screening positive for any disorder."
