Asthma Care Quality Improvement: A Resource Guide for State Action: Table 4.3

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Table 4.3. Asthma Hospitalizations By Race/ethnicity and Community Income, United States, 2001

Race/ethnicity and income¹	Pediatric admissions per 100,000 population less than 18 years			Adult admissions per 100,000 population age 18 and over			Adult admissions per 100,000 population age 65 and over
Race/ethnicity and income¹	Estimate	Standard error	P-value	Estimate	Standard error	P-value	Estimate	Standard error	P-value
All Income
Total	197.213	13.937		113.221	3.384		164.407	5.254
White non-Hispanic	138.531	8.417		86.794	2.234		134.421	4.770
Black non-Hispanic	450.500	52.994	0.000	289.492	22.208	0.000	350.680	30.096	0.000
Hispanic	187.549	23.640	0.051	131.084	14.294	0.002	269.780	31.601	0.000
Asian or Pacific Islander	82.070	11.078	0.000	81.168	11.327	0.626	265.633	41.565	0.002
Other	479.712	54.078	0.000	287.163	29.021	0.000	570.597	61.084	0.000
Less than $25,000
Total	320.780	61.432		247.247	34.825		259.808	32.743
White non-Hispanic	168.288	18.127		140.991	11.653		155.496	18.086
Black non-Hispanic	491.382	96.659	0.001	471.882	86.934	0.000	471.283	90.216	0.001
Hispanic	295.895	115.834	0.276	213.124	70.749	0.314	360.829	94.130	0.032
Asian or Pacific Islander	32.194	14.549	0.000	70.704	26.821	0.016	169.517	91.263	0.88
Other	222.329	54.795	0.349	240.679	62.787	0.119	369.948	114.972	0.065
$25,000-$34,999
Total	263.164	21.849		149.112	6.753		194.038	9.592
White non-Hispanic	180.069	11.659		115.857	4.911		161.635	9.042
Black non-Hispanic	535.166	72.011	0.000	318.593	28.612	0.000	350.476	35.187	0.000
Hispanic	222.134	33.903	0.241	156.160	23.101	0.088	336.245	60.625	0.004
Asian or Pacific Islander	72.055	12.197	0.000	65.869	12.952	0.000	206.572	50.218	0.378
Other	353.319	58.711	0.004	219.008	30.510	0.001	428.836	81.411	0.001
$35,000-$44,999
Total	190.585	15.653		110.463	4.773		155.947	7.552
White non-Hispanic	138.866	10.679		87.823	3.895		128.315	6.663
Black non-Hispanic	433.132	61.370	0.000	263.376	23.811	0.000	331.170	36.243	0.000
Hispanic	157.770	21.546	0.432	116.240	14.537	0.059	253.628	34.592	0.000
Asian or Pacific Islander	59.070	11.869	0.000	81.666	18.631	0.746	290.330	65.565	0.014
Other	529.759	71.266	0.000	298.926	50.589	0.000	693.164	134.304	0.000
$45,000 or more
Total	152.433	13.900		85.672	3.920		158.891	8.595
White non-Hispanic	120.982	10.700		72.609	3.354		136.513	7.994
Black non-Hispanic	359.443	45.173	0.000	208.308	20.511	0.000	330.666	43.173	0.000
Hispanic	158.914	25.643	0.172	107.003	11.603	0.004	248.074	31.343	0.001
Asian or Pacific Islander	92.105	15.234	0.121	84.922	14.822	0.418	321.229	63.161	0.004
Other	818.261	128.185	0.000	370.707	40.786	0.000	869.244	119.059	0.000

^1. Median household income is based on ZIP Code data obtained from Claritas linked to patient ZIP Code in the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) database.

P values to test race category compared to White category.

Denominators were obtained from ZIP-Code-level population counts by age, gender, race, and ethnicity based on U.S. censuses for 2000 and 1990 and Claritas methods to deal with race/ethnicity coding changes between those years.

Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases, disparities analysis file, 2001. This file is designed to provide national estimates on disparities using weighted records from a sample of hospitals from the following 22 States: AZ, CA, CO, CT, FL, GA, HI, KS, MD, MA, MI, MO, NJ, NY, PA, RI, SC, TN, TX, VA, VT, and WI.

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