Prevalence and Incidence

• Upper respiratory infections affect over 62 million people annually¹.
• Approximately 5 million cases of pneumonia occur annually².
• Between 22 million and 32 million Americans have asthma, and a disproportionate number of these are children^{3, 4}.

Morbidity and Mortality

• Influenza and pneumonia together are the seventh leading cause of death in the Nation⁵.
• Pneumonia results in nearly 55 million days of restricted activity, 31.5 million bed days, and 1.3 million hospitalizations each year².
• As many as one-third of children with private insurance and two-fifths of children covered by Medicaid do not receive a prescription to control their asthma⁶.

Cost

• Inpatient treatment for pneumonia alone amounts to over $7.5 billion annually⁷.
• Upper respiratory infections cost approximately $40 billion in direct health care costs and lost productivity⁸.
• Indirect and direct costs for asthma total between $11.3 billion and $14 billion, with direct costs of hospital care, physician services, and prescriptions as much as $9.4 billion^{9, 10}.

Measures

This report tracks several quality measures for respiratory diseases, including management of upper respiratory tract infection and tuberculosis and immunizations for pneumonia. Two areas of measures are highlighted in this section:

• Receipt of recommended interventions for pneumonia by the elderly
• Hospital admissions for pediatric asthma