Table 4. AADE Recommended Measures and Measurement Methods
| Diabetes self-care behavior |
Measures |
Methods of measurement |
| Monitoring blood glucose |
- Frequency of missed tests.
- Frequency and schedule of tests (times/day, days/week).
- Planned, unplanned testing.
- Review of pharmacy refill record.
|
- Review of log book.
- Meter memory review or printout.
- Self-report.
- Demonstration of technique.
|
| Solving
problems |
- Blood glucose testing.
- Adjusting food, medication, activity.
- Contact with health care provider for resolving problems.
- Checking meter and strips for function.
- Number of blood glucose tests per month requiring assistance.
- Number of times that ketones are tested (when appropriate).
- Missed days from work or school.
|
- Patient self-report.
- Review of log book (unreliable).
- Meter memory review or printout.
- Review of medical chart.
- Frequency of medication adjustment.
|
| Taking medication |
- Adherence to medication regimen.
- Dose accuracy.
|
- Pill count.
- Review of pharmacy refill record.
- Demonstration.
- Self-report.
- Blood glucose, medication records.
- Observation, role playing.
|
| Living with diabetes |
- Depression score.
- Stress.
- Quality of life.
- Functional measurement.
- Treatment self-efficacy.
- Patient empowerment.
- Self-report.
|
Validated instruments (e.g., SF-12, SF-36, Zung/Beck Depression Scale) |
| Reducing risks of diabetes complications |
- Smoking status.
- Frequency of foot self-exam.
- Aspirin therapy.
- Eye exam.
- MD visit.
- Diabetes educator visit.
- Registered Dietician visit.
- Lipids checked.
- Blood pressure checked.
- Flu vaccine, pneumonia vaccine.
- Urine check for protein.
- Prepregnancy counseling.
|
- Patient self-report.
- Chart or exam code audit.
- Demonstration of self-care activities.
|
| Being
active |
- Type of physical activity.
- How often.
- How long.
- How intense.
|
- Patient self-report.
- Observation.
- Pedometer.
|
| Eating |
- Type of food choices.
- Amount of food eaten.
- Timing of meals.
- Alcohol intake.
- Effect of food on glucose.
- Problem solving and special situations.
|
- Patient self-report.
- Observation.
- Food and blood glucose
records.
- 24-hour recall, food
frequency questionnaires.
|
Source: Mulcahy, et al, 2003.56 (Derived from Table 4: AADE Diabetes education core outcomes measures for diabetes self-care behaviors, pages 776-9.)
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