Table 2. Individual and Team-level Training Strategies Medical Teamwork and Patient Safety: The Evidence-based Relation StrategyDefinitionLevelSourcesAssertiveness trainingUses behavioral modeling techniques to demonstrate both assertive and nonassertive behaviors; provides trainees with practice and feedback opportunities.IndividualSmith-Jentsch, et al, 1996Meta-cognitive trainingDevelops those skills that regulate cognitive thinking abilities, such as inductive and deductive reasoning.IndividualJentsch, 1997Stress Exposure Training (SET)Provides coping strategies to help trainees better respond to various stressors.Individual and teamDriskell, Johnston, 1998Simulator trainingReproduces in a classroom environment the same conditions, equipment, and performance demands that trainees will experience on the job.Individual and teamSalas, Dickinson, Converse, et al, 1992Team trainingProvides interventions that (a) convey information; (b) demonstrate teamwork behaviors and skills; (c) encourage practice, and; (d) include feedback to help trainees achieve the necessary proficiencies, at the individual and team levels.Team(a) Salas, Cannon-Bowers, 2000; (b-d) Salas, et al, 1997Cross-trainingTrading roles and tasks among team members, so that each may develop a better appreciation and facility for coworkers' responsibilities and overall team goals.TeamSalas, et al, 1997; Volpe, Cannon-Bowers, Salas, et al, 2001Team coordination training/Crew Resource ManagementTraining to improve task management skills and communication (both explicit and implicit), to encourage backup behaviors, and to provide practice opportunities for members of a particular workplace community.TeamEntin, Serfaty, 1999; Bowers, Blickendersfer, Morgan, 1998Team buildingFocuses on improved role clarification, goal-setting exercises, problem solving skills, and interpersonal relations.TeamSalas, Rozell, Mullen, et al, 1999Self-correction trainingHelps individuals and teams monitor, evaluate, and revise deficient behaviors, through instructive feedback.Individual and teamSmith-Jentsch, et al, 1998; Blickensderfer, Cannon-Bowers, Salas, 1997Return to Document Current as of July 2005 Internet Citation: Table 2. Individual and Team-level Training Strategies: Medical Teamwork and Patient Safety: The Evidence-based Relation. July 2005. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. http://www.ahrq.gov/research/findings/final-reports/medteam/table2.html
Back
