Chapter 2. Effectiveness of Care (Text Descriptions)

National Healthcare Disparities Report, 2011

Figure 2.1. Women ages 50-74 who reported they had a mammogram within the past 2 years, by race and ethnicity, 2000, 2003, 2005, and 2008

Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Health Interview Survey, 2000, 2003, 2005, and 2008.

Denominator: Civilian noninstitutionalized women ages 50-74.

Note: Rates are age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population.
2008 Achievable Benchmark: 88%.

Return to Document

Figure 2.2. Age-adjusted rate of advanced stage breast cancer per 100,000 women age 40 and over, by race and ethnicity, 2000-2007

Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Program of Cancer Registries and National Cancer Institute, Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program, 2000-2007. Registries meeting United States Cancer Statistics publication criteria for every year, 2000-2007, are included and cover 89.3% of the total U.S. population.

Denominator: Women age 40 and over.

Note: For this measure, lower rates are better. Age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population. Advanced stage breast cancer is defined as local stage with tumor size greater than 2 cm diameter, regional stage or distant stage.
2007 Achievable Benchmark: 79.

Return to Document

Figure 2.3. Women with clinical Stage I-IIb breast cancer who received axillary node dissection or sentinel lymph node biopsy at the time of lumpectomy or mastectomy, by race and ethnicity, 2004-2008

Source: Commission on Cancer, American College of Surgeons and American Cancer Society, National Cancer Data Base, 2004-2008.

Denominator: Women with Stage I-IIb breast cancer undergoing lumpectomy or mastectomy.
2008 Achievable Benchmark: 97%.

Return to Document

Figure 2.4. Women under age 70 treated for breast cancer with breast-conserving surgery who received radiation therapy within 1 year of diagnosis, by race and ethnicity, 2004-2008

Source: Commission on Cancer, American College of Surgeons and American Cancer Society, National Cancer Data Base, 2004-2008.

Denominator: Women under age 70 undergoing breast-conserving surgery.
2008 Achievable Benchmark: 93%.

Return to Document

Figure 2.5. Age-adjusted breast cancer deaths per 100,000 women, by race and ethnicity, 2000-2007

Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System-Mortality, 2000-2007.

Denominator: U.S. population, women.

Note: For this measure, lower rates are better. Total rate is age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population.
2006 Achievable Benchmark: 20.

Return to Document

Figure 2.6. Adults who reported they had a blood cholesterol measurement in the past 5 years, by race/ethnicity and income, 1998, 2003, and 2008

Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Health Interview Survey, 1998, 2003, and 2008.

Denominator: Civilian noninstitutionalized people age 18 and over.

Note: Rates are age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population. White and Black groups are non-Hispanic; Hispanic includes all races.

Return to Document

Figure 2.7. Inpatient deaths per 1,000 adult hospital admissions with heart attack, by race/ethnicity and area income, 2001-2008

Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, Nationwide Inpatient Sample, SID disparities analysis file, and AHRQ Quality Indicators modified version 4.1, 2001-2008.

Denominator: Adults age 18 and over admitted to a non-Federal community hospital in the United States with acute myocardial infarction as principal discharge diagnosis.

Note: For this measure, lower rates are better. White, Black, and API groups are non-Hispanic. Rates are adjusted by age and all payer refined-diagnosis related group scoring of risk of mortality. White, Black, and API groups are non-Hispanic; Hispanic includes all races.
2008 Achievable Benchmark: 47.

Return to Document

Figure 2.8. Hospital patients with heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction prescribed ACE inhibitor or ARB at discharge, by race/ethnicity, 2005-2009

Source: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Quality Improvement Organization Program, 2005-2009.

Denominator: Patients hospitalized with a principal diagnosis of acute heart failure with left ventricular systolic dysfunction.

Note: White, Black, AI/AN, and Asian groups are non-Hispanic; Hispanic includes all races.
2009 Achievable Benchmark: 96%.

Return to Document

Figure 2.9. Admissions for congestive heart failure per 100,000 population, age 18 and over, by race/ethnicity and area income, 2001-2008

Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, Nationwide Inpatient Sample, SID disparities analysis file, and AHRQ Quality Indicators modified version 4.1, 2001-2008.

Denominator: U.S. resident population age 18 and over.

Note: For this measure, lower rates are better. Rates are adjusted by age and gender. White, Black, and API groups are non-Hispanic; Hispanic includes all races.
2008 Achievable Benchmark: 195.

Return to Document

Figure 2.10. Adults who reported receiving a cholesterol check in the last 5 years, 2005, 2007, and 2009

Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2005, 2007, and 2009.

Denominator: Adults age 18 and over.

Return to Document

Figure 2.11. Admissions for congestive heart failure per 100,000 population, age 18 and over, State of Hawaii, by race, 2005-2007

Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, Hawaii State Inpatient Databases, 2005-2007, and AHRQ Quality Indicators, version 3.1.

Denominator: Adults age 18 and over in Hawaii based on the Hawaii Health Survey.

Note: For this measure, lower rates are better. Rates are adjusted by age and gender using the total U.S. population for 2000 as the standard population.

Return to Document

Figure 2.12. Patients beginning nephrology care more than 12 months before start of dialysis, by race and ethnicity, 2006-2008

Source: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, U.S. Renal Data System, 2006-2008.

Denominator: New end stage renal disease patients.

Return to Document

Figure 2.13. Incident hemodialysis patients who used an arteriovenous fistula at first outpatient dialysis, by race and ethnicity, 2008-2010

Source: Medicare eligibility forms (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services [CMS] Form 2728) (2008-2010), Fistula First Incident AVF Dataset, CMS.

Denominator: New end stage renal disease hemodialysis patients, all ages.
2009 Achievable Benchmark: 27%.

Return to Document

Figure 2.14. Dialysis patients who were registered on a waiting list for transplantation, by race and ethnicity, 2000-2007

Source: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, U.S. Renal Data System, 2000-2007.

Denominator: End stage renal disease hemodialysis patients and peritoneal dialysis patients under age 70.
2006 Achievable Benchmark: 27%.

Return to Document

Figure 2.15. Adults age 40 and over with diagnosed diabetes who reported receiving four recommended services for diabetes in the calendar year (2+ hemoglobin A1c tests, foot exam, dilated eye exam, and flu shot), by race/ethnicity, 2008

Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2008.

Denominator: Civilian noninstitutionalized population with diagnosed diabetes, age 40 and over.

Note: Data include people with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Rates are age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population. White and Black groups are non-Hispanic; Hispanic includes all races.

Return to Document

Figure 2.16. Composite measure: Adjusted percentages of adults ages 40-64 with diagnosed diabetes who received four recommended services for diabetes in the calendar year, by race/ethnicity, family income, education, insurance status, and sex, 2002-2008

Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, pooled 2002-2008.

Note: Adjusted percentages are predicted marginals from a statistical model that includes the covariates race/ethnicity, family income, education, health insurance, sex, and residence location. Chapter 1, Introduction and Methods, provides more information.

Return to Document

Figure 2.17. Hospital admissions for diabetes with short-term complications per 100,000 population, age 18 and over, by race/ethnicity and area income, 2001-2008

Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), State Inpatient Databases (SID) disparities analysis file and Nationwide Inpatient Sample, 2001-2008, and AHRQ Quality Indicators, version 4.1.

Denominator: U.S. resident population age 18 and over.

Note: For this measure, lower rates are better. Short-term complications include ketoacidosis, hyperosmolarity, or coma and exclude obstetric admissions and transfers from other institutions. White, Black, and API groups are non-Hispanic; Hispanic includes all races. Data are adjusted for age and gender.
2008 Achievable Benchmark: 38.

Return to Document

Figure 2.18. Hospital admissions for diabetes with short-term complications per 100,000 population in IHS, Tribal, and contract hospitals, age 6 and over, by age group, 2001-2009

Source: Indian Health Service, Office of Information Technology/National Patient Information Reporting System, National Data Warehouse, Workload and Population Data Mart, 2001-2009.

Note: For this measure, lower rates are better.
2008 Achievable Benchmark: 38

Footnote: - = no data value available.

Return to Document

Figure 2.19. End stage renal disease due to diabetes per million population, by race and ethnicity, 2000-2008

Source: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, U.S. Renal Data System, 2000-2008.

Denominator: U.S. resident population.

Note: For this measure, lower rates are better. Rates are age adjusted. Hispanic and non-Hispanic include all races.

Return to Document

Figure 2.20. Population ages 15-44 years who ever had an HIV test outside of blood donation, by race/ethnicity and education 2006-2010

Source: Special tabulations based on National Survey of Family Growth, 2006-2010, conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics.

Return to Document

Figure 2.21. Percentage of women ages 15-44 years with a completed pregnancy who ever had an HIV test as part of prenatal care, by race/ethnicity and education, 2006-2010

Source: Special tabulations based on National Survey of Family Growth, 2006-2010, conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics. PLEASE DO NOT QUOTE OR CITE WITHOUT PERMISSION. The data are not yet released for public use.

Return to Document

Figure 2.22. Adult patients with HIV who received care, by race/ethnicity and gender, 2008

Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, HIV Research Network, 2008.

Note: For HAART measure, adult HIV patients had to be enrolled in an HIV network clinic and receive at least one CD4 test and have at least one outpatient visit in addition to having at least one CD4 test result of 350 or less.

Return to Document

Figure 2.23. HIV infection deaths per 100,000 population, by ethnicity/gender and ethnicity/age, 2007

Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System-Mortality, 2007.

Note: For this measure, lower rates are better. Rates are age adjusted to the 2000 standard population.

Return to Document

Figure 2.24. Obstetric trauma with 3rd or 4th degree laceration per 1,000 vaginal deliveries without instrument assistance, by race/ethnicity and area income, 2001-2008

Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, Nationwide Inpatient Sample, SID disparities analytic file, and AHRQ Quality Indicators, version 4.1.

Denominator: All patients hospitalized for vaginal delivery without indication of instrument assistance.

Note: For this measure, lower rates are better. Rates are adjusted by age. White, Black, and API groups are non-Hispanic; Hispanic includes all races.
2008 Achievable Benchmark: 17.

Return to Document

Figure 2.25. Children ages 19-35 months who received the 4:3:1:3:3:1:4 vaccine series, by race/ethnicity, 2007-2009

Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics and National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, National Immunization Survey, 2007-2009.

Denominator: U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population ages 19-35 months.

Note: White, Black, Asian, and more than one race are non-Hispanic groups; Hispanic includes all races.
2009 Achievable Benchmark: 72%.

Return to Document

Figure 2.26. Rate of emergency department visits for asthma per 10,000 population, people ages 2-19 years, by race/ethnicity, 2005-2007 combined

Source: National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Hospital Ambulatory Care Survey-Emergency Department, 2005-2007.

Note: For this measure, lower rates are better. White and Black groups are non-Hispanic; Hispanic includes all races.

Return to Document

Figure 2.27. Children ages 2-17 with a dental visit in the calendar year, by race/ethnicity and income, 2002-2008

Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2002-2008.

Denominator: U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population ages 2-17.

Note: White and Black groups are non-Hispanic; Hispanic includes all races.

Return to Document

Figure 2.28. Adolescents ages 13-17 with untreated dental caries, by race/ethnicity and income level, 2005-2008 combined

Source: National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2008.

Denominator: U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population ages 13-17.

Note: White and Black groups are non-Hispanic.

Return to Document

Figure 2.29. Adolescents ages 10-17 years with a well-visit in the last 12 months, by race/ethnicity and income relative to poverty threshold, 2009

Source: National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Health Interview Survey, 2009.

Denominator: U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population ages 10-17.

Note: White and Black groups are non-Hispanic; Hispanic includes all races.

Return to Document

Figure 2.30. Adolescents ages 13-17 years who ever received at least 1 dose of the meningococcal vaccine, by race/ethnicity and income, 2009

Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics and National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCHS-NCIRD), National Immunization Survey (NIS), 2009.

Note: White, Black, AI/AN, and Asian groups are non-Hispanic; Hispanic includes all races.
2009 Achievable Benchmark: 74%.

Return to Document

Figure 2.31. Adults with a major depressive episode in the last 12 months who received treatment for depression in the last 12 months, by race/ethnicity and education, 2008-2009

Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008-2009.

Denominator: U.S. population age 18 and over who had a major depressive episode in the last 12 months.

Note: Major depressive episode is defined as a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of the symptoms of depression described in the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Treatment for depression is defined as seeing or talking to a medical doctor or other professional or using prescription medication in the past year for depression. White and Black groups are non-Hispanic; Hispanic includes all races.

Return to Document

Figure 2.32. Suicide deaths per 100,000 population, by race and ethnicity, 2000-2007

Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System-Mortality, 2000-2007.

Denominator: Civilian noninstitutionalized population.

Note: Estimates are age adjusted to the 2000 standard population.

Return to Document

Figure 2.33. People age 12 and over who needed treatment for illicit drug use or an alcohol problem and who received such treatment at a specialty facility in the last 12 months, by race and ethnicity, 2002-2009

Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2002-2009.

Denominator: Civilian noninstitutionalized population age 12 and over who needed treatment for illicit drug use or an alcohol problem in the last 12 months.

Note: Treatment refers to treatment at a specialty facility, such as a drug and alcohol inpatient and/or outpatient rehabilitation facility, inpatient hospital setting, or a mental health center. Data are not statistically reliable for AI/AN in all years. Hispanics and non-Hispanics include all races.

Footnote: - = no data value available.

Return to Document

Figure 2.34. People age 12 and over treated for substance abuse who completed treatment course, by race/ethnicity and education, 2005-2008

Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Treatment Episode Data Set, Discharge Data Set, 2005-2007.

Denominator: Discharges age 12 and over from publicly funded substance abuse treatment facilities.

Note: White and Black groups are non-Hispanic; Hispanic includes all races.

Return to Document

Figure 2.35. Female Medicare beneficiaries age 65 and over who reported ever being screened for osteoporosis with a bone mass or bone density measurement, by race/ethnicity and income, 2000-2008

Source: Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey, 2000-2008.

Denominator: Female Medicare beneficiaries age 65 and over living in the community.

Note: White and Black groups are non-Hispanic; Hispanic includes all races.

Return to Document

Figure 2.36. Adults with doctor-diagnosed arthritis who reported they had effective, evidence-based arthritis education as an integral part of the management of their condition, by race/ethnicity and health insurance, 2006 and 2009

Source: National Health Interview Survey, 2006 and 2009.

Denominator: Adults with doctor-diagnosed arthritis.

Note: Estimates are age adjusted to the 2000 standard population. Health insurance refers to adults under age 65. White and Black groups are non-Hispanic; Hispanic includes all races.

Return to Document

Figure 2.37. Adults with doctor-diagnosed arthritis who reported they received health care provider counseling about physical activity or exercise, by race/ethnicity and health insurance, 2006 and 2009

Source: National Health Interview Survey, 2006 and 2009.

Denominator: Adults with doctor-diagnosed arthritis.

Note: Estimates are age adjusted to the 2000 standard population. Health insurance refers to adults under age 65. White and Black groups are non-Hispanic; Hispanic includes all races.

Return to Document

Figure 2.38. Overweight adults with doctor-diagnosed arthritis who reported they received health care provider counseling about weight reduction, by race/ethnicity and health insurance, 2006 and 2009

Source: National Health Interview Survey, 2006 and 2009.

Denominator: Adults with doctor-diagnosed arthritis.

Note: Estimates are age adjusted to the 2000 standard population. Health insurance refers to adults under age 65. White and Black groups are non-Hispanic; Hispanic includes all races.

Return to Document

Figure 2.39. Adults age 65 and over who reported ever receiving pneumococcal vaccination, by race and ethnicity, 2000-2009

Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Health Interview Survey, 2000-2009.

Denominator: Civilian noninstitutionalized population age 65 and over.

Note: Age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population. Benchmark is derived from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS); see Introduction and Methods for details.
2008 Achievable Benchmark: 67%.

Return to Document

Figure 2.40. Hospital patients with pneumonia who received recommended hospital care, by race/ethnicity, 2007-2009

Source: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Quality Improvement Organization Program, 2007-2009.

Denominator: Patients hospitalized with a principal discharge diagnosis of pneumonia or a principal discharge diagnosis of either septicemia or respiratory failure and secondary diagnosis of pneumonia.

Note: White, Black, AI/AN, and Asian groups are non-Hispanic; Hispanic includes all races.
2008 Achievable Benchmark: 94%.

Return to Document

Figure 2.41. Patients with tuberculosis who completed a curative course of treatment within 1 year of initiation of treatment, by race/ethnicity and place of birth, 2000-2007

Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Tuberculosis Surveillance System, 2000-2007.

Denominator: U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population treated for tuberculosis.

Note: White, Black, and API are non-Hispanic groups. Hispanic includes all races.
2006 Achievable Benchmark: 92%.

Return to Document

Figure 2.42. People with current asthma who report taking preventive asthma medicine daily or almost daily, by race/ethnicity and education, 2003-2008

Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2003-2008.

Denominator: Noninstitutionalized population with asthma.

Note: Age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population. People with current asthma reported that they still had asthma or had an asthma attack in the last 12 months. White and Black are non-Hispanic groups. Hispanic includes all races.

Return to Document

Figure 2.43. People with current asthma who report taking prescription medication to control asthma, by Asian and Hispanic subgroups and English proficiency, California, 2009

Source: UCLA, Center for Health Policy Research, California Health Interview Survey, 2009.

Denominator: Civilian noninstitutionalized population in California.

Return to Document

Figure 2.44. Adult current smokers with a checkup in the last 12 months who received advice from a doctor to quit smoking, by race/ethnicity and income, 2002-2008

Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2002-2008.

Denominator: Civilian noninstitutionalized adult current smokers who had a checkup in the last 12 months.

Note: Estimates are age adjusted to the 2000 standard population using three age groups: 18-44, 45-65, and 65 and over. White and Black are non-Hispanic groups. Hispanic includes all races.

Return to Document

Figure 2.45. Adults with obesity who ever received advice from a health provider to exercise more, by race/ethnicity and education, 2002-2008

Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2002-2008.

Denominator: Civilian noninstitutionalized population age 18 and over.

Note: Obesity is defined as a body mass index of 30 or higher. White and Black are non-Hispanic groups. Hispanic includes all races.

Return to Document

Figure 2.46. Adults with obesity who did not spend half an hour or more in moderate or vigorous physical activity at least three times a week, by race/ethnicity and activity limitation, 2002-2008

Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2002-2008.

Denominator: Civilian noninstitutionalized population age 18 and over.

Note: For this measure, lower rates are better. Obesity is defined as a body mass index of 30 or higher. Basic indicates people with basic activity limitations; Complex indicates people with complex activity limitations; Neither indicates people with neither basic or complex activity limitations. White and Black are non-Hispanic groups. Hispanic includes all races.

Return to Document

Figure 2.47. Children ages 2-17 for whom a health provider gave advice within the past 2 years about the amount and kind of exercise, sports, or physically active hobbies they should have, by race/ethnicity and income, 2002-2008

Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2002-2008.

Denominator: U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population ages 2-17.

Note: Adjusted percentages are predicted marginals from a statistical model that includes the covariates race/ethnicity, age, gender, family income, health insurance, and residence location.

Return to Document

Figure 2.48. Children ages 2-17 for whom a health provider ever gave advice within the past 2 years about the amount and kind of exercise, sports, or physically active hobbies they should have

Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2002-2008.
Denominator: U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population ages 2-17.
Note: Adjusted percentages are predicted marginals from a statistical model that includes the covariates race/ethnicity, age, gender, family income, health insurance, and residence location.

Return to Document

Figure 2.49. Adults with obesity who ever received advice from a health provider about eating fewer high-fat or high-cholesterol foods, by race/ethnicity and income, 2002-2008

Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2002-2008.

Denominator: Civilian noninstitutionalized population age 18 and over.

Note: Obesity is defined as a body mass index of 30 or higher.

Return to Document

Figure 2.50. Children ages 2-17 for whom a health provider ever gave advice about healthy eating, by race and household income, 2002-2008

Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2002-2008.

Denominator: U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population ages 2-17.

Return to Document

Figure 2.51. Adult home health care patients whose ability to walk or move around improved, by race and ethnicity, 2002-2009

Source: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS), 2002-2009.

Denominator: Adult nonmaternity patients completing an episode of skilled home health care and not already performing at the highest level at the start of the episode, according to the OASIS question on ambulation.
2008 Achievable Benchmark: 54%.

Return to Document

Figure 2.52. Long-stay nursing home residents whose need for help with daily activities increased, by race/ethnicity, 2000-2009

Source: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Minimum Data Set, 2000-2009. Data are from the third quarter of each calendar year.

Denominator: All long-stay residents in Medicare or Medicaid certified nursing home facilities.

Note: For this measure, lower rates are better. White, Black, API, and AI/AN are non-Hispanic groups. Hispanic includes all races.
2008 Achievable Benchmark: 13%.

Return to Document

Figure 2.53. Mean locomotion score gain among patients in an inpatient rehabilitation facility for stroke by race/ethnicity, 2002-2007

Source: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility Patient Assessment Instrument, 2002-2007.

Denominator: Medicare patients in an inpatient rehabilitation facility for stroke for initial rehabilitation and discharged home.

Note: White, Black, and Asian are non-Hispanic groups. Hispanic includes all races.

Return to Document

Figure 2.54. Mean communication score gain among patients in an inpatient rehabilitation facility for stroke by side of body affected and race/ethnicity, 2002-2007

Left Body Stroke

Right Body Stroke

Source: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility Patient Assessment Instrument, 2002-2007.

Denominator: Medicare patients in an inpatient rehabilitation facility for stroke for initial rehabilitation and discharged home.

Note: White, Black, and Asian are non-Hispanic groups. Hispanic includes all races.

Return to Document

Figure 2.55. Adult home health care patients who had less shortness of breath between the start and end of a home health care episode, by race and ethnicity, 2002-2009

Source: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Outcome and Assessment Information Set, 2002-2009.

Denominator: Adult nonmaternity patients completing an episode of skilled home health care.
2008 Achievable Benchmark: 68%.

Return to Document

Figure 2.56. Short-stay and high-risk long-stay nursing home residents with pressure sores, by race/ethnicity, 2000-2009

Short Stay

Long Stay

Source: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Minimum Data Set, 2000-2009. Data for long-stay residents are from the third quarter of each calendar year. Data for short-stay residents are full calendar-year estimates.

Denominator: Short-stay and high-risk long-stay nursing home residents in Medicare or Medicaid certified nursing and long-term care facilities.

Note: For this measure, lower rates are better. White, Black, API, and AI/AN are non-Hispanic groups; Hispanic includes all races.
Figure 2.56a (short stay), 2008 Achievable Benchmark: 12%; Figure 2.56b (long stay),
2009 Achievable Benchmark: 7%.

Return to Document

Figure 2.57. Hospice patients age 18 and over who did NOT receive the right amount of help for feelings of anxiety or sadness, by race and ethnicity, 2008-2010

Source: National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization, Family Evaluation of Hospice Care, 2008-2010.

Denominator: Adult hospice patients.
2009 Achievable Benchmark: 6%.

Return to Document

Figure 2.58. Hospice patients age 18 and over whose family caregivers wanted more information about what to expect while the patient was dying, by race and ethnicity, 2008-2010

Source: National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization, Family Evaluation of Hospice Care, 2008-2010.

Denominator: Adult hospice patients.
2009 Achievable Benchmark: 12%.

Return to Document

Figure 2.59. Hospice patients age 18 and over who did NOT receive care consistent with their stated end-of-life wishes, by race and ethnicity, 2008-2010

Source: National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization, Family Evaluation of Hospice Care, 2008-2010.

Denominator: Adult hospice patients.
2009 Achievable Benchmark: 4%.

Return to Document