Pediatric Terrorism and Disaster Preparedness: Table 3.1

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Prehospital emergency personnel	Hours of training (approximate)	Medical procedures able to perform
First responders	40	Basic airway support, including use of supplemental oxygen, airway adjuncts, and bag-mask ventilation Direct pressure bleeding control Cervical spine stabilization Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated external defibrillation
Basic EMTs	120	All of the above, plus: Full spinal immobilization Splinting of extremities Management of open chest wounds and impaled sharp objects Emergency ambulance transport
Advanced EMTs	300-400	All of the above, plus: Endotracheal intubation Intravenous fluid administration
Paramedics	1000-1200	All of the above, plus: Needle cricothyroidotomy Needle decompression of tension pneumothorax

Note: EMTs = emergency medical technicians.