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Research Studies is a monthly compilation of research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers and recently published in journals or newsletters.
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1 to 25 of 8383 Research Studies DisplayedAli MM, McClellan C, West KD
Medical marijuana laws, marijuana use, and opioid-related outcomes among women in the United States.
This study examined whether state medical marijuana laws (MMLs) was associated with lower levels of opioid-related outcomes. Data was drawn from the 2002-2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health to compare opioid misuse in states with and without MMLs among all women, pregnant women, and parenting women. It also invested the impact of MMLs on marijuana use and marijuana use disorder. There was found to be no association of MMLs with opioid misuse, opioid misuse initiation, or opioid use disorder among all women, pregnant women and parenting women. However there was a positive correlation with marijuana use and marijuana use disorder among all women and women with children. MMLs were also associated with an increase in the frequency of opioid misuse in pregnant women and a decrease in the frequency of opioid misuse for parenting women.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Ali MM, McClellan C, West KD .
Medical marijuana laws, marijuana use, and opioid-related outcomes among women in the United States.
Womens Health Issues 2021 Jan-Feb;31(1):24-30. doi: 10.1016/j.whi.2020.09.003..
Keywords: Women, Opioids, Substance Abuse, Medication, Policy, Practice Patterns
Iribarren S, Lentz C, Sheinfil AZ
Using an HIV self-test kit to test a partner: attitudes and preferences among high-risk populations.
Researchers explored attitudes and preferences among HIV-negative men who have sex with men and HIV-negative transgender women using an HIV self-testing (HIVST) kit to test partners. They found that most preferred gum swab over fingerprick tests, but would prefer a blood test if it gave results for other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). They concluded that efforts to improve HIVST uptake should focus on incorporating testing for other STIs, reducing test kit size, and reducing cost.
AHRQ-funded; HS026383.
Citation: Iribarren S, Lentz C, Sheinfil AZ .
Using an HIV self-test kit to test a partner: attitudes and preferences among high-risk populations.
AIDS Behav 2020 Nov;24(11):3232-43. doi: 10.1007/s10461-020-02885-3..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Infectious Diseases, Prevention
Short MN, Ho V
Weighing the effects of vertical integration versus market concentration on hospital quality.
Provider organizations are increasing in complexity, as hospitals acquire physician practices and physician organizations grow in size. At the same time, hospitals are merging with each other to improve bargaining power with insurers. In this study, the investigators analyzed 29 quality measures reported to the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services' Hospital Compare database for 2008 to 2015 to test whether vertical integration between hospitals and physicians or increases in hospital market concentration influenced patient outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; HS024727.
Citation: Short MN, Ho V .
Weighing the effects of vertical integration versus market concentration on hospital quality.
Med Care Res Rev 2020 Dec;77(6):538-48. doi: 10.1177/1077558719828938.
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Keywords: Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS), Quality of Care, Patient Experience, Hospitals, Medicare, Provider Performance, Healthcare Systems
Nazareno J, Zhang W, Silver B
Home health utilization in assisted living settings.
The authors explored the growth in the delivery of home health agency (HHA) services to Medicare beneficiaries in assisted living (AL) compared with other home settings between 2012 and 2014. Their findings suggested that there was a slight growth in the share of HHA services being delivered in AL. HHA recipients in AL were more likely to have cognitive and activities of daily living impairments than those receiving HHA services in other settings. This study is among the first of those to examine HHA utilization in AL.
AHRQ-funded; HS000011.
Citation: Nazareno J, Zhang W, Silver B .
Home health utilization in assisted living settings.
Med Care Res Rev 2020 Dec;77(6):620-29. doi: 10.1177/1077558719835049..
Keywords: Elderly, Home Healthcare, Medicare, Healthcare Utilization
Henke RM, Karaca Z, Gibson TB
Medicaid Accountable Care Organizations and childbirth outcomes.
This study examined the impact of Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) to childbirth outcomes. States that use Medicaid ACOs were compared with states that had not adopted ACO. Using HCUP data, the relationship between Medicaid ACO adoption and neonatal and maternal outcomes, and cost per birth was examined. Medicaid ACO implementation was associated with a moderate reduction in hospital costs per birth and decreased cesarean section rates with results varying by state. There was no association with other birth outcomes, including infant inpatient mortality, low birthweight, neonatal intensive care unit utilization and severe maternal morbidity.
AHRQ-authored; AHRQ-funded; 290201300002C.
Citation: Henke RM, Karaca Z, Gibson TB .
Medicaid Accountable Care Organizations and childbirth outcomes.
Med Care Res Rev 2020 Dec;77(6):559-73. doi: 10.1177/1077558718823132..
Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Medicaid, Managed Care, Health Insurance, Labor and Delivery, Pregnancy, Women, Outcomes, Healthcare Costs
Everson J, Adler-Milstein J, Ryan AM
Hospitals strengthened relationships with close partners after joining accountable care organizations.
This study tested the hypothesis that hospitals participating in Medicare Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) try to influence where their patients receive care in order to achieve quality and cost containment goals. The authors studied hospitals participating in ACO from 2010 to 2014. ACO hospitals shared patients 4.4% more than non-ACO hospitals. This occurred disproportionately at hospitals that already shared a high proportion of their patients prior to participation and among hospitals in ACOs characterized as physician-hospital collaborations.
AHRQ-funded; HS024525; HS024728.
Citation: Everson J, Adler-Milstein J, Ryan AM .
Hospitals strengthened relationships with close partners after joining accountable care organizations.
Med Care Res Rev 2020 Dec;77(6):549-58. doi: 10.1177/1077558718818336..
Keywords: Hospitals, Medicare, Policy, Managed Care, Health Insurance
Joyce NR, Pfeiffer MR, Zullo AR
Individual and geographic variation in driver's license suspensions: evidence of disparities by race, ethnicity and income.
Using data from the New Jersey Safety Health Outcomes data warehouse 2004-2018, the authors compared characteristics of suspended drivers, their residential census tract, as well as access to public transportation and jobs, by reason for the suspension. They found that 91% of license suspensions were for non-driving-related events, with the most common reason for a suspension being failure to pay a fine. Non-driving-related suspended drivers lived in census tracts with a lower household median income, higher proportion of black and Hispanic residents and higher unemployment rates, but also better walkability scores and better access to public transportation and jobs. They recommended additional work to determine what effect this has for the social and economic well-being of suspended drivers.
AHRQ-funded; HS022998.
Citation: Joyce NR, Pfeiffer MR, Zullo AR .
Individual and geographic variation in driver's license suspensions: evidence of disparities by race, ethnicity and income.
J Transp Health 2020 Dec;19. doi: 10.1016/j.jth.2020.100933..
Keywords: Racial / Ethnic Minorities, Disparities, Low-Income, Vulnerable Populations, Socioeconomic Factors, Social Determinants of Health
Nijhawan AE, Bhattatiry M, Chansard M
HIV care cascade before and after hospitalization: impact of a multidisciplinary inpatient team in the US South.
Hospitalization represents an opportunity to re-engage out-of-care individuals, improve HIV outcomes, and reduce health disparities. The authors reviewed electronic health records of HIV-positive individuals hospitalized at an urban, public hospital between September 2013 and December 2015. They found that hospitalized patients with HIV had low rates of engagement in care, retention in care, and virologic suppression, though all three outcomes improved after hospitalization. A multidisciplinary transitions team improved care engagement and virologic suppression in those who received the intervention.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Nijhawan AE, Bhattatiry M, Chansard M .
HIV care cascade before and after hospitalization: impact of a multidisciplinary inpatient team in the US South.
AIDS Care 2020 Nov;32(11):1343-52. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2019.1698704.
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Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Transitions of Care, Inpatient Care, Teams, Hospitalization, Patient and Family Engagement, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Outcomes, Evidence-based Practice
Michelson KA, Hudgins JD, Burke LG
Trends in severe pediatric emergency conditions in a national cohort, 2008 to 2014.
The objective of this study was to determine the incidence and recent trends in serious pediatric emergency conditions. Data from the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample 2008-2014 was used, and included patients less than18 years of age with a serious condition. Findings showed that the most common serious condition in children presenting to United States emergency departments was serious respiratory disease, while anaphylaxis was the fastest increasing serious condition.
AHRQ-funded; T32 HS000063.
Citation: Michelson KA, Hudgins JD, Burke LG .
Trends in severe pediatric emergency conditions in a national cohort, 2008 to 2014.
Pediatr Emerg Care 2020 Nov;36(11):e620-e21. doi: 10.1097/pec.0000000000001409..
Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Children/Adolescents, Emergency Department
Lindly OJ, Martin AJ, Lally K
A profile of care coordination, missed school days, and unmet needs among Oregon children with special health care needs with behavioral and mental health conditions.
In order to inform Oregon's Title V needs assessment activities, researchers sought to characterize the state's subpopulation of children with special health care needs (CSHCN) with behavioral and mental health conditions (B/MHC) and to determine associations of care coordination with missed school days and unmet needs for this subpopulation. They found that among Oregon CSHCN with B/MHC, 48.9% missed 4 or more school days, 25% had one or more unmet health services need, and 14.8% had one or more unmet family support services need. They concluded that their approach to identify Oregon CSHCN with B/MHC may be adopted by other states endeavoring to improve health for this vulnerable subpopulation.
AHRQ-funded; HS000063.
Citation: Lindly OJ, Martin AJ, Lally K .
A profile of care coordination, missed school days, and unmet needs among Oregon children with special health care needs with behavioral and mental health conditions.
Community Ment Health J 2020 Nov;56(8):1571-80. doi: 10.1007/s10597-020-00609-4..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Disabilities, Mental Health, Care Coordination, Healthcare Delivery
Guglielminotti J, Li G
Exposure to general anesthesia for cesarean delivery and odds of severe postpartum depression requiring hospitalization.
This retrospective cohort study evaluated the risk of general anesthesia use in cesarean delivery versus neuraxial anesthesia on maternal mental health. Cesarean deliveries performed in New York State hospitals between 2006 and 2013 were included. Exclusion criteria included having more than 1 cesarean delivery during the study period, residing outside of New York State, and having a general anesthetic for other surgery or delivery in the year before or after the index case. The primary outcome looked at was severe postpartum depression (PPD), and secondary outcomes were suicidal ideation, anxiety disorders, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The majority of cesareans used neuraxial anesthesia and only 8% (34,356) had general anesthesia. Severe PPD requiring hospitalization occurred in 1158 women with 60% identified during readmission. General anesthesia was found to be associated with a 54% increased odds of PPD, and a 91% increased odds of suicidal ideation or self-inflicted injury. There was insufficient evidence for increased risk of anxiety orders.
AHRQ-funded; HS025787.
Citation: Guglielminotti J, Li G .
Exposure to general anesthesia for cesarean delivery and odds of severe postpartum depression requiring hospitalization.
Anesth Analg 2020 Nov;131(5):1421-29. doi: 10.1213/ane.0000000000004663..
Keywords: Labor and Delivery, Pregnancy, Women, Depression, Mental Health, Surgery, Risk, Hospitalization, Medication, Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events
Brown TJ Keshvani, N Gupta, et al.
Rates of appropriate laxative prophylaxis for opioid-induced constipation in veterans with lung cancer: a retrospective cohort study.
This study examined trends in the use of laxatives for opioid-induced constipation (OIC) in patients prescribed opioids for cancer pain treatment. A retrospective study was conducted of lung cancer patients seen in the Veteran’s Affair system from 2003 to 2016. There were 130,990 individuals included in the analysis. The majority (87%) received no prophylaxis (75%) or received docusate alone while 5% received OIC prophylaxis with the unnecessary addition of docusate. Throughout the study period, laxative prescription significantly decreased while categories of OIC prophylaxis were unchanged. The study concluded that almost 90% received inadequate or inappropriate OIC prophylaxis.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Brown TJ Keshvani, N Gupta, et al..
Rates of appropriate laxative prophylaxis for opioid-induced constipation in veterans with lung cancer: a retrospective cohort study.
Support Care Cancer 2020 Nov;28(11):5315-21. doi: 10.1007/s00520-020-05364-6..
Keywords: Cancer: Lung Cancer, Cancer, Veterans, Opioids, Medication, Prevention, Pain
Kemme S, Sundaram SS, Curtis DJ
A community divided: post-transplant live vaccine practices among Society of Pediatric Liver Transplantation (SPLIT) centers.
The goal of this study was to assess current post-transplant live vaccine practices at individual pediatric liver transplant centers following the updated AST guidelines. Using email surveys with a 93% response rate, findings showed that only 29% of centers offered live vaccines post-transplant, with each center using different eligibility criteria for live vaccines. The main reasons for a center not offering post-transplant live vaccines were safety concerns and inability to reach group consensus.
AHRQ-funded; HS026510.
Citation: Kemme S, Sundaram SS, Curtis DJ .
A community divided: post-transplant live vaccine practices among Society of Pediatric Liver Transplantation (SPLIT) centers.
Pediatr Transplant 2020 Aug 26:e13804. doi: 10.1111/petr.13804..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Transplantation, Surgery, Vaccination, Practice Patterns
Anderson DJ, Ilieş I, Foy K
Early recognition and response to increases in surgical site infections using optimized statistical process control charts-the Early 2RIS Trial: a multicenter cluster randomized controlled trial with stepped wedge design.
This paper discusses the study protocol that was used to conduct the Early 2RIS Trial, which was a multicenter cluster randomized controlled trial from 2016 to 2020 to reduce surgical site infection (SSI) rates. The trial was performed in 29 hospitals in the Duke Infection Control Outreach Network (DICON) and 105 clusters over 4 years. All patients who underwent one of 13 targeted procedures at study hospitals were included. Six clusters were identified: cardiac, orthopedic, gastrointestinal, OB-GYN, vascular, and spinal. Clusters were randomized to intervention, and also underwent surveillance and feedback using optimized SPC charts. Surveillance data feedback was provided to all clusters, regardless of allocation or type of surveillance. The goal was to lower SSI through SPC intervention compared to traditional surveillance and feedback alone.
AHRQ-funded; HS023821.
Citation: Anderson DJ, Ilieş I, Foy K .
Early recognition and response to increases in surgical site infections using optimized statistical process control charts-the Early 2RIS Trial: a multicenter cluster randomized controlled trial with stepped wedge design.
Trials 2020 Oct 28;21(1):894. doi: 10.1186/s13063-020-04802-4..
Keywords: Surgery, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Infectious Diseases, Patient Safety
Mohr NM, Zebrowski AM, Gaieski DF
Inpatient hospital performance is associated with post-discharge sepsis mortality.
The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that hospitals with high risk-adjusted inpatient sepsis mortality also have high post-discharge mortality, readmissions, and discharge to nursing homes. Sepsis hospitalization survivors among age-qualifying Medicare beneficiaries were followed for 180 days post-discharge; mortality, readmissions, and new admission to skilled nursing facilities were measured. Findings showed that hospitals with the highest risk-adjusted sepsis inpatient mortality also had higher post-discharge mortality and increased readmissions, suggesting that post-discharge complications were a modifiable risk that may be affected during inpatient care. Recommendations for future work include seeking to elucidate inpatient and healthcare practices that can reduce sepsis post-discharge complications.
AHRQ-funded; HS023614; HS025753.
Citation: Mohr NM, Zebrowski AM, Gaieski DF .
Inpatient hospital performance is associated with post-discharge sepsis mortality.
Crit Care 2020 Oct 27;24(1):626. doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03341-3..
Keywords: Sepsis, Mortality, Hospital Discharge, Hospitals, Provider Performance, Quality of Care, Inpatient Care, Hospital Readmissions
Brown W, Santhosh L, Brady AK
A call for collaboration and consensus on training for endotracheal intubation in the medical intensive care unit.
This article presents a review of endotracheal intubation (EI) training for healthcare professionals in pulmonary and critical care medicine (PCCM). Although the ACGME mandates that trainees in PCCM achieve competence, only 60% of US PCCM trainees feel they are proficient in EI upon graduation. This article includes a review of EI training literature; the recommendations of a national group of PCCM, anesthesiology, emergency medicine, and pediatric experts; and a call for further research, collaboration, and consensus guidelines.
Citation: Brown W, Santhosh L, Brady AK .
A call for collaboration and consensus on training for endotracheal intubation in the medical intensive care unit.
Crit Care 2020 Oct 22;24(1):621. doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03317-3..
Keywords: Training, Education: Continuing Medical Education, Critical Care, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Guidelines
Magee LA, Dir AL, Clifton RL
Patterns of adolescent gun carrying and gun-related crime arrests in Indianapolis, Indiana over an 11-year time period.
This study is a descriptive epidemiology analysis that examines patterns of gun carrying and gun-related crime arrests among justice-involved youth in Marion County, Indiana. Findings indicated that the proportions of juvenile arrests for both gun carrying and gun-related crime have substantially increased compared to ten years ago. The majority of gun-related repeat offenders were first arrested for gun carrying; thus, these gun-carrying arrests may be an opportunity to intervene on an individual level by providing treatment, other needed resources, and discussing safe firearm storage with families and communities.
AHRQ-funded; HS023318; HS022681.
Citation: Magee LA, Dir AL, Clifton RL .
Patterns of adolescent gun carrying and gun-related crime arrests in Indianapolis, Indiana over an 11-year time period.
Prev Med 2020 Oct;139:106199. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106199..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Vulnerable Populations, Prevention
Thompson HM, Faig W, VanKim NA HM, Faig W, VanKim NA
Differences in length of stay and discharge destination among patients with substance use disorders: The effect of Substance Use Intervention Team (SUIT) consultation service.
Addiction medicine consultation services (ACS) may improve outcomes of hospitalized patients with substance use disorders (SUD). The aim of the study was to examine the difference in length of stay and the hazard ratio for a routine hospital discharge between SUD patients receiving and not receiving ACS. The authors concluded that the Substance Use Intervention Team (SUIT) consultation service was associated with a reduced length of stay and an increased hazard of a routine discharge.
AHRQ-funded; HS026385.
Citation: Thompson HM, Faig W, VanKim NA HM, Faig W, VanKim NA .
Differences in length of stay and discharge destination among patients with substance use disorders: The effect of Substance Use Intervention Team (SUIT) consultation service.
PLoS One 2020 Oct 9;15(10):e0239761. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239761..
Keywords: Substance Abuse, Hospitalization, Inpatient Care, Hospital Discharge, Hospitals
Han G, Mayer M, Canner J
Development, implementation and evaluation of an online course on evidence-based healthcare for consumers.
This paper evaluated the effectiveness of an online self-paced course on evidence-based health care (EBHC) offered through the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health for the general public. Data was analyzed for participants who registered for the course from May 31, 2007 to December 31, 2018 (n = 15,606). 11,522 participants completed the “Before” evaluation and 4899 completed the “After” evaluation. The primary outcome looked for was improvement in self-reported confidence on EBHC-related topics after completion of the course. The overall mean change in confidence levels was +1.27 on a scale of 1 to 5. The mean changed by topic ranged from +1.00 to +1.90.
AHRQ-funded; HS016868.
Citation: Han G, Mayer M, Canner J .
Development, implementation and evaluation of an online course on evidence-based healthcare for consumers.
BMC Health Serv Res 2020 Oct 8;20(1):928. doi: 10.1186/s12913-020-05759-5..
Keywords: Evidence-based Practice, Education: Patient and Caregiver, Health Literacy
Rossol SL, Yang JK, Toney-Noland C
Non-contact video-based neonatal respiratory monitoring.
Respiratory rate (RR) has been shown to be a reliable predictor of cardio-pulmonary deterioration, but standard RR monitoring methods in the neonatal intensive care units (NICU) with contact leads have been related to iatrogenic complications. This iterative design study developed a novel algorithm that produced RR from footage analyzed from stable NICU patients in open cribs with corrected gestational ages ranging from 33 to 40 weeks. The final algorithm used a proprietary technique of micromotion and stationarity detection to model background noise to be able to amplify and record respiratory motions.
AHRQ-funded; HS023506.
Citation: Rossol SL, Yang JK, Toney-Noland C .
Non-contact video-based neonatal respiratory monitoring.
Children 2020 Oct 6;7(10). doi: 10.3390/children7100171..
Keywords: Newborns, Health Information Technology (HIT), Respiratory Conditions, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
Chou R, Dana T, Jungbauer R
Masks for prevention of respiratory virus infections, including SARS-CoV-2, in health care and community settings : a living rapid review.
This study examined the effectiveness of N95, surgical, and cloth masks in community and health care settings for preventing respiratory virus infections, including coronavirus. The effects of reuse or extended use of N95 masks was also studied. The authors used multiple electronic databases, including the World Health Organization COVID-19 database and medRxiv preprint server (2003 through 2020), and reference lists. Randomized trials of masks and risks for respiratory virus infection were included. The studies were abstracted and methodological limitations were assessed by one reviewer, with a second reviewer providing verification. Thirty-nine studies with 33,867 participants were included. No studies were found that evaluated reuse or extended use of N95 masks. The studies showed that COVID-19 and MERS probably decreased with use versus nonuse and possibly decreased with N95 versus surgical mask use. Random trials in community settings found not much difference between N95 versus surgical masks. The studies’ findings were not definitive.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500009I.
Citation: Chou R, Dana T, Jungbauer R .
Masks for prevention of respiratory virus infections, including SARS-CoV-2, in health care and community settings : a living rapid review.
Ann Intern Med 2020 Oct 6;173(7):542-55. doi: 10.7326/m20-3213..
Keywords: Emergency Preparedness, Respiratory Conditions, Infectious Diseases, Prevention, Public Health, Evidence-based Practice
Santry HP, Strassels SA, Ingraham AM
Identifying the fundamental structures and processes of care contributing to emergency general surgery quality using a mixed-methods Donabedian approach.
Acute Care Surgery (ACS) was developed as a structured, team-based approach to providing round-the-clock emergency general surgery (EGS) care for adult patients needing treatment for diseases such as cholecystitis, gastrointestinal perforation, and necrotizing fasciitis. In this study, the investigators sought to use a Donabedian approach to elucidate potential EGS structures and processes that might be associated with improved outcomes as an initial step in designing the optimal model of acute care surgery care for EGS patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS022694.
Citation: Santry HP, Strassels SA, Ingraham AM .
Identifying the fundamental structures and processes of care contributing to emergency general surgery quality using a mixed-methods Donabedian approach.
BMC Med Res Methodol 2020 Oct 2;20(1):247. doi: 10.1186/s12874-020-01096-7..
Keywords: Surgery, Critical Care, Healthcare Delivery, Health Services Research (HSR), Research Methodologies
Yuce TK, Yang AD, Johnson JK
Association between implementing comprehensive learning collaborative strategies in a statewide collaborative and changes in hospital safety culture.
Hospital safety culture remains a critical consideration when seeking to reduce medical errors and improve quality of care. Little is known regarding whether participation in a comprehensive, multicomponent, statewide quality collaborative is associated with changes in hospital safety culture. The purpose of this study was to examine whether implementation of a comprehensive, multicomponent, statewide surgical quality improvement collaborative was associated with changes in hospital safety culture.
AHRQ-funded; HS024516.
Citation: Yuce TK, Yang AD, Johnson JK .
Association between implementing comprehensive learning collaborative strategies in a statewide collaborative and changes in hospital safety culture.
JAMA Surg 2020 Oct;155(10):934-40. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2020.2842..
Keywords: Hospitals, Patient Safety, Organization and Administration, Implementation
Steele DW, Becker SJ, Danko KJ
Brief behavioral interventions for substance use in adolescents: a meta-analysis.
Adolescents with problematic substance use (SU) are at risk for far-reaching adverse outcomes. The objective of this study was to synthesize the evidence regarding the effects of brief behavioral interventions for adolescents (12-20 years) with problematic SU. The investigators concluded that the use of a behavioral intervention called motivational interviewing reduced heavy alcohol use, alcohol use days, and SU-related problems in adolescents but did not reduce cannabis use days.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500002I.
Citation: Steele DW, Becker SJ, Danko KJ .
Brief behavioral interventions for substance use in adolescents: a meta-analysis.
Pediatrics 2020 Oct;146(4):e2020351. doi: 10.1542/peds.2020-0351..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Substance Abuse, Alcohol Consumption, Treatments
Skaathun B, Pho MT, Pollack HA
Comparison of effectiveness and cost for different HIV screening strategies implemented at large urban medical centre in the United States.
This analysis compared the effectiveness and cost of three HIV testing strategies in a high HIV burden area in the U.S. in identifying new HIV infections. The investigators performed a cost analysis comparing three HIV testing strategies in Chicago: (1) routine screening (RS) in an inpatient and outpatient setting, (2) modified partner services (MPS) among networks of the recently HIV infected and diagnosed, and (3) a respondent drive sampling (RDS)-based social network (SN) approach targeting young African-American men who have sex with men.
AHRQ-funded; HS000084.
Citation: Skaathun B, Pho MT, Pollack HA .
Comparison of effectiveness and cost for different HIV screening strategies implemented at large urban medical centre in the United States.
J Int AIDS Soc 2020 Oct;23(10):e25554. doi: 10.1002/jia2.25554..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Screening, Healthcare Costs, Prevention, Value, Infectious Diseases
