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Research Studies is a monthly compilation of research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers and recently published in journals or newsletters.
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1 to 25 of 10734 Research Studies Displayed
Yakovchenko V, Morgan TR, Chinman MJ
Mapping the road to elimination: a 5-year evaluation of implementation strategies associated with hepatitis C treatment in the Veterans Health Administration.
While few countries and healthcare systems are on track to meet the World Health Organization's hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination goals, the US Veterans Health Administration (VHA) has been a leader in these efforts. In this study the investigators aimed to determine which implementation strategies were associated with successful national viral elimination implementation within the VHA. They conducted a five-year, longitudinal cohort study of the VHA Hepatic Innovation Team (HIT) Collaborative between October 2015 and September 2019.
AHRQ-funded; HS019461.
Citation:
Yakovchenko V, Morgan TR, Chinman MJ .
Mapping the road to elimination: a 5-year evaluation of implementation strategies associated with hepatitis C treatment in the Veterans Health Administration.
BMC Health Serv Res 2021 Dec 18;21(1):1348. doi: 10.1186/s12913-021-07312-4..
Keywords:
Hepatitis, Chronic Conditions, Veterans
Wurcel AG, Essien UR, Ortiz C
Variation by race in antibiotics prescribed for hospitalized patients with skin and soft tissue infections.
This cohort study examined antibiotics prescribed and variations by race among hospitalized patients with skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). A subanalysis of multisite, cross-sectional data collected through a national survey of acute care hospital groups within Vizient, Inc. considering adult inpatients treated for SSTIs was used. Of the 1242 adult inpatients included from 91 US hospitals, 45% were female, 18% were Black, and 69% were White with a mean age of 58 years. Penicillin allergy with hives was found in 23%, 19% with rash, and 18% with unknown effects, with allergy found more frequent in Black patients (23%) versus White (18%). Adjusting for multiple factors, White inpatients were at an increased risk of cefazolin use and decreased risk of clindamycin use compared with Black inpatients. Cefazolin use with less likely to be prescribed to Black inpatients than White inpatients and they were likely to be prescribed clindamycin. Cefazolin is considered a first-line SSTI treatment with clindamycin not recommended given frequent dosing and high potential for adverse effects including Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Although penicillin allergy is described as more prevalent among White patients, the authors observed an increased prevalence among Black inpatients compared with White inpatients treated for SSTI.
Citation:
Wurcel AG, Essien UR, Ortiz C .
Variation by race in antibiotics prescribed for hospitalized patients with skin and soft tissue infections.
JAMA Netw Open 2021 Dec;4(12):e2140798. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.40798..
Keywords:
Antibiotics, Skin Conditions, Racial / Ethnic Minorities, Practice Patterns, Medication
Fraze TK, Beidler LB, Savitz LA
"It's not just the right thing . . . It's a survival tactic": disentangling leaders' motivations and worries on social care.
The purpose of this study was to understand the motivations and concerns of health care organizations when implementing activities targeted at improving patients’ social conditions, such as housing, food, and economic insecurity. The researchers conducted semi-structured interviews with the administrators of 29 health care organizations to explore their issues around their agency’s provision of social care. Participants described an interconnected set of motivations for delivering social care: 1) doing the right thing for their patients, 2) improving health outcomes, and 3) business/ financial aspects. Administrators voiced uncertainty around a) responsible for social care, b) whether health care has the capacity and abilities to provide social care, and c) whether social care activities can be sustained. The researchers concluded that administrators of health care agencies and organizations could benefit from policy-maker guidance and support on how to effectively prioritize social care activities, partner with other sectors to provide social care, and develop the workforce that would be required to do so.
AHRQ-funded; HS024075.
Citation:
Fraze TK, Beidler LB, Savitz LA .
"It's not just the right thing . . . It's a survival tactic": disentangling leaders' motivations and worries on social care.
Med Care Res Rev 2022 Oct;79(5):701-16. doi: 10.1177/10775587211057673..
Keywords:
Social Determinants of Health, Workforce
Hoonakker PLT, Carayon P, Brown RL
A systematic review of the Consumer Emergency Care Satisfaction Scale (CECSS).
In this study, researchers systematically reviewed the literature on the Consumer Emergency Care Satisfaction Scale (CECSS) and examined its psychometric properties. Their systematic literature search resulted in 28 articles in which the CECSS was used, demonstrating that, from a psychometric perspective, the CECSS is a valid and reliable instrument. However, their study also showed that the CECSS has several weaknesses, and they made recommendations for its improvement.
AHRQ-funded; HS026624.
Citation:
Hoonakker PLT, Carayon P, Brown RL .
A systematic review of the Consumer Emergency Care Satisfaction Scale (CECSS).
J Nurs Care Qual 2022 Oct-Dec;37(4):349-55. doi: 10.1097/ncq.0000000000000636..
Keywords:
Emergency Department, Patient Experience
Severance TS, Njuguna F, Olbara G
An evaluation of the disparities affecting the underdiagnosis of pediatric cancer in Western Kenya.
This study described the international collaboration to investigate disparities affecting the underdiagnosis of pediatric cancer in Western Kenya. Estimates of cancer incidence in similar populations around the world would indicate approximately 1500 patients should be diagnosed each year. However, internal review at a large tertiary hospital noted 200-250 patients were diagnosed annually, suggesting the remaining 75-80% of patients go undiagnosed and do not receive treatment. The authors reviewed 41 malaria slides at a local referring hospital that demonstrated both morphologic and genetic evidence of leukemia. This disparity suggested a lack of education and training that were the lead factors contributing to lower rates of diagnosis.
AHRQ-funded; HS026390.
Citation:
Severance TS, Njuguna F, Olbara G .
An evaluation of the disparities affecting the underdiagnosis of pediatric cancer in Western Kenya.
Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022 Oct;69(10):e29768. doi: 10.1002/pbc.29768..
Keywords:
Children/Adolescents, Cancer, Disparities, Diagnostic Safety and Quality
Khullar D, Prasad K, Neprash H
Factors associated with patient trust in their clinicians: results from the healthy work place study.
The goal of this study was to determine workplace, clinician, and patient correlates of patient trust in their clinician. The sample used baseline data from the Healthy Work Place trial, a randomized trial of Midwest and East Coast primary care practices. Trust was found to relate mainly to several aspects of care variables (including satisfaction with explanations, overall satisfaction with provider, learning about medical conditions, and the clinician's personal manner), with lesser association with patient characteristics and clinician work conditions. Findings showed that trust was primarily related to what happens between clinicians and patients in the examination room.
AHRQ-funded; HS018160.
Citation:
Khullar D, Prasad K, Neprash H .
Factors associated with patient trust in their clinicians: results from the healthy work place study.
Health Care Manage Rev 2022 Oct-Dec;47(4):289-96. doi: 10.1097/hmr.0000000000000336..
Keywords:
Patient-Centered Healthcare, Patient Experience, Clinician-Patient Communication
Chovatiya R, Begolka WS, Thibau IJ
Financial burden and impact of atopic dermatitis out-of-pocket healthcare expenses among Black individuals in the United States.
The purpose of this study was to explain the categories and impact of out-of-pocket (OOP) healthcare expenses associated with atopic dermatitis (AD) management among black individuals. The researchers administered a voluntary online survey to 113, 502 members of the National Eczema Association. 77.3% of respondents met the participation criteria of being U.S. residents, 18 years of age and older, and self-reporting that they had AD or were the primary caregivers of individuals with AD. The study found that Blacks (74.2%) vs. non-Blacks (63.3%) reported more OOP costs for prescription medications covered (65.1%) and not covered (46.5%), by insurance, emergency room visits (22.1% vs. 11.8%), and outpatient laboratory testing (33.3% vs. 21.8%,). There was a relationship between Black race and increased household financial impact from OOP expenses, and predictors of financial impact included minimally controlled AD, systemic therapy, greater than $200 monthly OOP expenses, and Medicaid. Blacks with Medicaid had greater odds of harmful financial impact than those of black race or with Medicaid alone. The researchers concluded that there is a relationship between Black race increased OOP costs for AD, with significant financial impact to the household.
AHRQ-funded; HS026385.
Citation:
Chovatiya R, Begolka WS, Thibau IJ .
Financial burden and impact of atopic dermatitis out-of-pocket healthcare expenses among Black individuals in the United States.
Arch Dermatol Res 2022 Oct;314(8):739-47. doi: 10.1007/s00403-021-02282-3..
Keywords:
Skin Conditions, Healthcare Costs, Racial / Ethnic Minorities
Bourgoin A, Balaban R, Hochman M
Improving quality and safety for patients after hospital discharge: primary care as the lead integrator in postdischarge care transitions.
The purpose of this study was to explain primary care-based transition workflow processes for hospitalized patients. The researchers conducted interviews with primary care thought leaders, staff at 9 primary care sites, community agency staff, and recently discharged patients. The researchers found that primary care postdischarge workflows vary across the different settings, rarely include communications with the patient or the inpatient team during the hospitalization and vary widely across settings. The researchers recommended the use of principles for primary care practices to encourage active participation in the full spectrum of postdischarge care, from admission through the first postdischarge visit to primary care.
AHRQ-authored; AHRQ-funded; 233201500019I/HHSP23337002T.
Citation:
Bourgoin A, Balaban R, Hochman M .
Improving quality and safety for patients after hospital discharge: primary care as the lead integrator in postdischarge care transitions.
J Ambul Care Manage 2022 Oct-Dec;45(4):310-20. doi: 10.1097/jac.0000000000000433..
Keywords:
Quality of Care, Patient Safety, Hospital Discharge, Transitions of Care, Hospitals, Workflow
Storck KE, Gawron LM, Sanders JN
"I just had to pay the money and be supportive": a qualitative exploration of the male-partner role in contraceptive decision-making in Salt Lake City, Utah family planning clinics.
This study explored in contraceptive decision-making using interviews with 30 male-female cis-hetero couples in Salt Lake City. The participants were stratified by sex assigned at birth and current contraceptive method and either long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) vs non-LARC users. Men and women both indicated a strong desire to prevent pregnancy, and felt that men’s actual contributions to decision-making were limited. To many couples, ideal partner support centered around emotional, financial, and logistical support options and placed high importance on interpersonal communication. The decision to use a LARC method did not influence sentiments around male-partner involvement or stated desire for partner involvement.
AHRQ-funded; HS027220.
Citation:
Storck KE, Gawron LM, Sanders JN .
"I just had to pay the money and be supportive": a qualitative exploration of the male-partner role in contraceptive decision-making in Salt Lake City, Utah family planning clinics.
Contraception 2022 Sep;113:78-83. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2022.04.005..
Keywords:
Sexual Health, Decision Making
Cohen TN, Anger JT, Kanji FF
A novel approach for engagement in team training in high-technology surgery: the Robotic-Assisted Surgery Olympics.
The purpose of this study was to develop the “Robotic-Assisted Surgery (RAS) Olympics,” a “serious game”-based educational competition to improve the skills required to successfully perform RAS. The pilot study was conducted at an academic medical center in Southern California. Sixteen operating room members participated in the event, reporting that they preferred the RAS Olympics to traditional training, enjoyed the activity, would recommend all staff participate, felt that it was relevant to their work, and believed that they practiced and learned new techniques that would improve their practice. The participants’ confidence in their skills did not change. The researchers concluded that new information was gained about new possibilities for simultaneously engaging and training surgical staff while emphasizing RAS safety and efficiency.
AHRQ-funded; HS026491.
Citation:
Cohen TN, Anger JT, Kanji FF .
A novel approach for engagement in team training in high-technology surgery: the Robotic-Assisted Surgery Olympics.
J Patient Saf 2022 Sep 1;18(6):570-77. doi: 10.1097/pts.0000000000001056..
Keywords:
Surgery, Training, Education: Continuing Medical Education, Simulation, Teams
Laverriere EK, Fiadjoe JE, McGowan N
A prospective observational study of video laryngoscopy-guided coaching in the pediatric intensive care unit.
The primary goal of this study was to evaluate whether implementation of video laryngoscopy-guided coaching for tracheal intubation in pediatric patients is feasible with a high level of compliance and associated with a reduction in adverse tracheal intubation-associated events. Findings showed that implementation of video laryngoscopy as a supervising device with standardized coaching language was feasible with a high level of adherence, yet was not associated with an increased occurrence of any adverse tracheal intubation-associated events and oxygen desaturation.
AHRQ-funded; HS024511; HS021583; HS022464.
Citation:
Laverriere EK, Fiadjoe JE, McGowan N .
A prospective observational study of video laryngoscopy-guided coaching in the pediatric intensive care unit.
Paediatr Anaesth 2022 Sep;32(9):1015-23. doi: 10.1111/pan.14505..
Keywords:
Children/Adolescents, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Critical Care, Education: Continuing Medical Education
Oke I, Hall N, Elze T
Adjustable suture technique is associated with fewer strabismus reoperations in the Intelligent Research in Sight Registry.
This study compared the reoperation rates of patients who underwent strabismus surgery during the first year with or without the adjustable suture technique. This retrospective cohort study looked at a total of 34,872 patients who underwent strabismus surgery with 72% undergoing horizontal muscle surgery, 17% vertical muscle surgery, and 11% combined horizonal and vertical muscle surgery. Adjustable suture surgery rates were 18% of surgeries. The overall 1-year reoperation rate was 7.7%, with 6.0% for patients treated with adjustable sutures and 8.1% for patients treated without adjustable sutures. There was a statistically significant 30% decrease in the odds of 1-year reoperation when adjustable sutures were used, a 40% increase in those with a history of prior strabismus surgery, and a 9% increase per decade of age at surgery.
AHRQ-funded; HS000063.
Citation:
Oke I, Hall N, Elze T .
Adjustable suture technique is associated with fewer strabismus reoperations in the Intelligent Research in Sight Registry.
Ophthalmology 2022 Sep;129(9):1028-33. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2022.04.021..
Keywords:
Surgery, Registries
Miller-Rosales C, Lewis VA, Shortell SM
Adoption of patient engagement strategies by physician practices in the United States.
Researchers analyzed data collected from the National Survey of Healthcare Organizations and Systems (NSHOS) on physician practice adoption of patient engagement strategies. They found modest adoption of shared decision-making and motivational interviewing, and low adoption of shared medical appointments. They noted that risk-based payment reform has the potential to motivate greater practice-level patient engagement, but the extent to which it occurs may depend on internal practice capabilities.
AHRQ-funded; HS024075.
Citation:
Miller-Rosales C, Lewis VA, Shortell SM .
Adoption of patient engagement strategies by physician practices in the United States.
Med Care 2022 Sep;60(9):691-99. doi: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000001748..
Keywords:
Patient and Family Engagement, Provider: Physician, Decision Making
Hicklin K, O'Leary MC, Nambiar S
Assessing the impact of multicomponent interventions on colorectal cancer screening through simulation: what would it take to reach national screening targets in North Carolina?
The authors simulated the impact of multicomponent interventions in North Carolina over 5 years to assess the potential for meeting national screening targets for colorectal cancer (CRC). They reported that each multicomponent intervention was associated with increased CRC screening and averted both CRC cases and deaths, while three had the potential to reach screening targets.
AHRQ-funded; HS022981.
Citation:
Hicklin K, O'Leary MC, Nambiar S .
Assessing the impact of multicomponent interventions on colorectal cancer screening through simulation: what would it take to reach national screening targets in North Carolina?
Prev Med 2022 Sep;162:107126. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107126..
Keywords:
Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Cancer, Screening, Colonoscopy, Prevention
Grauer A, Duran AT, Liyanage-Don NA
Association between telemedicine use and diabetes risk factor assessment and control in a primary care network.
The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to explore whether there is a relationship between telemedicine use in primary care and risk factor assessment and control for patients with diabetes mellitus. The study included patients with diabetes mellitus ages 18-75 with a telemedicine visit in a primary care network between February 2020 and December 2020. Researchers evaluated whether low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), blood pressure (BP), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and were assessed for each patient. The study identified 1,824 patients with diabetes during the study period and found that telemedicine use was associated with a lower proportion of patients with all three risk factors assessed. The researchers concluded that telemedicine use was related with gaps in risk factor assessment for patients with diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic.
AHRQ-funded; HS026121; HS024262.
Citation:
Grauer A, Duran AT, Liyanage-Don NA .
Association between telemedicine use and diabetes risk factor assessment and control in a primary care network.
J Endocrinol Invest 2022 Sep;45(9):1749-56. doi: 10.1007/s40618-022-01814-6..
Keywords:
Diabetes, Chronic Conditions, Telehealth, Health Information Technology (HIT), Primary Care, Risk
Eliason EL, A Spishak-Thomas, Steenland MW
Association of the Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansions with postpartum contraceptive use and early postpartum pregnancy.
The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) Medicaid expansion with postpartum contraception use and pregnancy. The researchers found that Medicaid expansion was associated with a 7.0 percentage point increase in postpartum use of the contraceptive implant and intrauterine device LARC, a 3.1 percentage point decrease in short-acting contraception, and a 3.9 percentage point decrease in non-prescription contraceptive use overall. Increases in LARC use were concentrated among non-Hispanic, White, and Black respondents. Medicaid expansion was associated with a decrease in early postpartum pregnancy only among non-Hispanic Black respondents. The researchers concluded that the ACA Medicaid expansion improved postpartum contraceptive access and led to shifts from methods with a lower upfront out-of-pocket cost for people without insurance towards methods with the higher upfront out-of-pocket cost for people without insurance. These changes suggest that Medicaid expansions increased access to the full range of contraceptive methods.
AHRQ-funded; HS027464; HS000011
Citation:
Eliason EL, A Spishak-Thomas, Steenland MW .
Association of the Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansions with postpartum contraceptive use and early postpartum pregnancy.
Contraception 2022 Sep;113:42-48. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2022.02.012..
Keywords:
Sexual Health, Pregnancy, Maternal Care, Women, Medicaid, Access to Care, Policy
Thompson I, Bryant AG, Stuebe AM
Centering the patient in postpartum contraceptive counseling.
This article discusses the timing of postpartum contraceptive counseling and the fact that many health care providers believe prevention of future pregnancies is a priority in the postpartum period and that the inpatient postpartum stay is an ideal time to discuss contraception. However, this belief is not necessarily shared by the birthing parent, and they might be unready to discuss contraceptives, especially for people whose reproduction has been marginalized. The authors state that health care providers must acknowledge this harmful and racist history to change counseling practices actively and thoughtfully to best meet patient needs while simultaneously respecting patient autonomy.
AHRQ-funded; HS027260.
Citation:
Thompson I, Bryant AG, Stuebe AM .
Centering the patient in postpartum contraceptive counseling.
Clin Obstet Gynecol 2022 Sep 1;65(3):588-93. doi: 10.1097/grf.0000000000000725..
Keywords:
Maternal Care, Pregnancy, Women, Sexual Health
Gallo T, Heise CW, Woosley RL
Clinician satisfaction with advanced clinical decision support to reduce the risk of torsades de pointes.
The purpose of this study was to create an advanced torsades de pointes (TdP) clinical decision support (CDS) advisory that provides relevant, patient-specific information, including 1-click management options, and to evaluate clinician satisfaction with the CDS. The researchers implemented the advanced TdP CDS across a health system comprising 29 hospitals. A brief electronic survey was developed to collect clinician feedback on the advisory and was emailed to 442 clinicians who received the advisory. Feedback was generally positive across the 38 responding providers, with 79% of respondents reporting that the advisory assisted with their care for their patients and 87% responding that the alerts clearly specified alternative actions. The researchers concluded that providers who receive an advanced TdP risk CDS alert generally view the alert favorably.
AHRQ-funded; HS026662.
Citation:
Gallo T, Heise CW, Woosley RL .
Clinician satisfaction with advanced clinical decision support to reduce the risk of torsades de pointes.
J Patient Saf 2022 Sep 1;18(6):e1010-e13. doi: 10.1097/pts.0000000000000996..
Keywords:
Clinical Decision Support (CDS), Decision Making, Risk, Provider: Clinician, Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions
Chovatiya R, Silverberg JI
Describe-ad: a novel classification framework for atopic dermatitis.
The purpose of this study was to develop a framework to standardize atopic dermatitis assessments based on a literature review and clinical experience. The researchers developed the DESCRIBE-AD framework to include both patient- and clinician-reported perspectives to effectively capture the clinical domains contributing to AD heterogeneity. DESCRIBE-AD includes assessments of Dermatitis morphology and phenotype, Evolution of disease, Symptom severity, Comorbid health disorders, Response to therapy, Intensity of lesions, Burden of disease, and Extent of lesions. The researchers conclude that DESCRIBE-AD can be utilized to better assess AD and guide treatment choices.
AHRQ-funded; HS026385.
Citation:
Chovatiya R, Silverberg JI .
Describe-ad: a novel classification framework for atopic dermatitis.
J Am Acad Dermatol 2022 Sep;87(3):541-50. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.10.058..
Keywords:
Skin Conditions
Bradford A, Shahid U, Schiff GD
Development and usability testing of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality common formats to capture diagnostic safety events.
The purpose of this study was to conduct a usability assessment of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Common Formats for Event Reporting for Diagnostic Safety Events (CFER-DS) to assist in informing future revisions and implementation. The researchers recruited quality and safety personnel from 8 U.S. healthcare organizations and invited them to use the CFER-DS to simulate reporting and then provide written and verbal qualitative feedback. The study found that feedback about item clarity and content coverage was generally positive, but that reporter burden was a potential concern. Participants also identified opportunities to improve the CFER-DS, including clarifying several conceptual definitions, improving applicability across different care settings, and creating guidance to operationalize use of the tool.
AHRQ-authored; AHRQ-funded; HS027363, 233201500022I.
Citation:
Bradford A, Shahid U, Schiff GD .
Development and usability testing of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality common formats to capture diagnostic safety events.
J Patient Saf 2022 Sep 1;18(6):521-25. doi: 10.1097/pts.0000000000001006..
Keywords:
Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Patient Safety, Health Information Technology (HIT), Adverse Events
Kalenderian E, Lee JH, Obadan-Udoh EM
Development of an inventory of dental harms: methods and rationale.
The authors sought to standardize the language of dental adverse events (AEs). Using a multimodal approach, they developed a broad list of dental AEs in which the AEs were classed into 12 categories, with hard tissue injury being noted frequently. Pain was the unexpected AE that was consistently identified with every modality used.
AHRQ-funded; HS024406.
Citation:
Kalenderian E, Lee JH, Obadan-Udoh EM .
Development of an inventory of dental harms: methods and rationale.
J Patient Saf 2022 Sep 1;18(6):559-64. doi: 10.1097/pts.0000000000001033..
Keywords:
Dental and Oral Health, Patient Safety, Research Methodologies
Halvorson EE, Thurtle DP, Easter A
Disparities in adverse event reporting for hospitalized children.
The authors compared the adverse event (AE) rate identified by voluntary event reporting (VER) with that identified using the Global Assessment of Pediatric Patient Safety (GAPPS) between hospitalized children by weight category, race, and English proficiency. In the population studied, they identified 288 total AEs, 270 by the GAPPS and 18 by VER. They found a disparity in AE reporting for children with limited English proficiency, with fewer AEs by VER compared with no difference in AEs by GAPPS. They identified no disparities by weight category or race. They concluded that voluntary event reporting may systematically underreport AEs in hospitalized children with limited English proficiency.
AHRQ-funded; HS026038.
Citation:
Halvorson EE, Thurtle DP, Easter A .
Disparities in adverse event reporting for hospitalized children.
J Patient Saf 2022 Sep 1;18(6):e928-e33. doi: 10.1097/pts.0000000000001049..
Keywords:
Children/Adolescents, Disparities, Adverse Events, Medical Errors, Patient Safety, Hospitals, Hospitalization, Inpatient Care
Senft Everson N, Klein WMP, Lee SS
Dispositional optimism and optimistic bias: associations with cessation motivation, confidence, and attitudes.
This study tested whether 2 conceptually overlapping constructs, dispositional optimism (generalized positive expectations) and optimistic bias (inaccurately low risk perceptions), may have different implications for smoking treatment engagement. A cohort of predominantly Black, low-income Southern Community Cohort study smokers (n=880) were surveyed on their dispositional optimism and pessimism, comparative lung cancer risk, and information to calculate objective lung cancer risk. Perceived risk was categorized as accurate, optimistically-biased, or pessimistically-biased. The Life Orientation Test-Revised subscales was used with 0 = neutral, and 12 = high optimism/pessimism. Mean dispositional optimism/pessimism scores were 8.41 and 5.65 respectively. Perceived lung cancer risk was 38% accurate, with 27% optimistically-biased and 35% pessimistically-biased. Accuracy was unrelated to dispositional optimism, though optimistically biased smokers had higher dispositional pessimism. Dispositional optimism was associated with higher confidence and favorable precision treatment attitudes. Lower motivation and less favorable precision treatment attitudes were shown for those with optimistically-biased (vs. accurate) risk perception.
AHRQ-funded; HS02612.
Citation:
Senft Everson N, Klein WMP, Lee SS .
Dispositional optimism and optimistic bias: associations with cessation motivation, confidence, and attitudes.
Health Psychol 2022 Sep;41(9):621-29. doi: 10.1037/hea0001184..
Keywords:
Tobacco Use: Smoking Cessation, Tobacco Use, Behavioral Health
Chovatiya R, Silverberg JI
Evaluating the longitudinal course of atopic dermatitis: a review of the literature.
The purpose of this study was to better understand the longitudinal course of atopic dermatitis (AD) to improve clinical phenotyping and prognostication and improve personalized therapy recommendations. The researchers conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of 46 studies to examine the current understanding of AD patterns over time and beyond childhood. The study found that 80% of childhood AD did not persist by 8 years of age and 5% by 20 years of age. Clinician-assessed severity showed a weaker association with persistence than patient-assessed severity. Persistent AD was related with intrinsic factors (severity, genetics, and atopic multimorbidity) and extrinsic (non-White race, Hispanic ethnicity, urban environment, and low income) factors. The researchers concluded that recognizing and incorporating the longitudinal course of AD is relevant for improved decision making in clinical practice and trials, and that future research should focus on the standardization of longitudinal course measures and their implementation alongside currently used measures for patient stratification and treatment.
AHRQ-funded; HS026385.
Citation:
Chovatiya R, Silverberg JI .
Evaluating the longitudinal course of atopic dermatitis: a review of the literature.
J Am Acad Dermatol 2022 Sep;87(3):688-89. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2022.02.005..
Keywords:
Skin Conditions
Shah SC, Bonnet K, Schulte R
Helicobacter pylori management is associated with predominantly negative patient experiences: results from a focused qualitative analysis.
This paper is a qualitative analysis of the patient experience of H. pylori management using a focus group and one-on-one telephone interviews. A total of 13 participants were included (mean age 50.4 years; 62% female; 38% non-Hispanic white). A total of 987 codes were yielded that five major themes related to the patient H. pylori experience: context of decision-making; health beliefs; barriers experienced; cues to action; and impact of new knowledge. The perceived patient-provider interaction contributed most prominently to the negative patient experience along with treatment-related side effects. Knowledge that lack of treatment can lead to gastric cancer along with symptoms modified participants’ perceptions and motivation to accept treatment.
AHRQ-funded; HS026395.
Citation:
Shah SC, Bonnet K, Schulte R .
Helicobacter pylori management is associated with predominantly negative patient experiences: results from a focused qualitative analysis.
Dig Dis Sci 2022 Sep;67(9):4387-94. doi: 10.1007/s10620-021-07320-8..
Keywords:
Digestive Disease and Health, Patient Experience
