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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
51 to 75 of 217 Research Studies DisplayedDesai NR, Sabatine MS
PCSK9 inhibition in patients with hypercholesterolemia.
The authors specified that large, cardiovascular outcomes trials are underway to assess definitively the efficacy and safety of 3 monoclonal antibodies (evolocumab, alirocumab, and bococizumab), while additional non-monoclonal antibody approaches to inhibit PCSK9 continue in the early-phase development.
AHRQ-funded; HS023000.
Citation: Desai NR, Sabatine MS .
PCSK9 inhibition in patients with hypercholesterolemia.
Trends Cardiovasc Med 2015 Oct;25(7):567-74. doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2015.01.009.
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Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Heart Disease and Health, Evidence-Based Practice, Medication, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Downes KJ, Patil NR, Rao MB
Risk factors for acute kidney injury during aminoglycoside therapy in patients with cystic fibrosis.
The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) during intravenous aminoglycoside (AG) courses in this population. It identified receipt of an AG within 90 days prior to admission, longer duration of AG therapy, low serum albumin, and receipt of trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole as independent risk factors for developing AKI.
AHRQ-funded; HS021114.
Citation: Downes KJ, Patil NR, Rao MB .
Risk factors for acute kidney injury during aminoglycoside therapy in patients with cystic fibrosis.
Pediatr Nephrol 2015 Oct;30(10):1879-88. doi: 10.1007/s00467-015-3097-3..
Keywords: Adverse Events, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Patient Safety, Respiratory Conditions
Teshome BF, Lee GC, Reveles KR
Application of a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus risk score for community-onset pneumonia patients and outcomes with initial treatment.
The study objective was to assess the effect of initial MRSA therapy on mortality in community–onset (CO) pneumonia patients that a new MRSA prediction score had classified into low, medium, and high-risk groups based on objective criteria available at baseline. The study demonstrated improved survival with initial MRSA therapy in the 2 percent of CO-pneumonia patients classified as high-risk.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Teshome BF, Lee GC, Reveles KR .
Application of a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus risk score for community-onset pneumonia patients and outcomes with initial treatment.
BMC Infect Dis 2015 Sep 18;15:380. doi: 10.1186/s12879-015-1119-1..
Keywords: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Risk, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Hospitalization
Ogedegbe G, Shah NR, Phillips C
Comparative effectiveness of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-based treatment on cardiovascular outcomes in hypertensive Blacks versus Whites.
This study evaluated the comparative effectiveness of an ACE inhibitor–based regimen on a composite outcome of all-cause mortality, stroke, and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in hypertensive blacks compared with whites. ACE inhibitor–based therapy was associated with poorer cardiovascular outcomes in hypertensive blacks but not in whites.
AHRQ-funded; HS018589.
Citation: Ogedegbe G, Shah NR, Phillips C .
Comparative effectiveness of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-based treatment on cardiovascular outcomes in hypertensive Blacks versus Whites.
J Am Coll Cardiol 2015 Sep 15;66(11):1224-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.07.021..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Cardiovascular Conditions, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Medication
Bangalore S, Guo Y, Samadashvili Z
Revascularization in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease and chronic kidney disease: Everolimus-eluting stents versus coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
This study evaluated outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) versus coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). It found that In patients with CKD, CABG is associated with higher short-term risk of death, stroke, and repeat revascularization, whereas PCI with everolimus-eluting stents is associated with a higher long-term risk of repeat revascularization and perhaps heart attack, with no long-term mortality difference.
AHRQ-funded; HS023683.
Citation: Bangalore S, Guo Y, Samadashvili Z .
Revascularization in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease and chronic kidney disease: Everolimus-eluting stents versus coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
J Am Coll Cardiol 2015 Sep 15;66(11):1209-20. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.06.1334..
Keywords: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Heart Disease and Health, Surgery, Kidney Disease and Health
Wiener ES, Mullins CD, Pincus KJ
A framework for pharmacist-assisted medication adherence in hard-to-reach patients.
This study aimed to create a model for use in patient-centered, pharmacist-led interactions to improve medication adherence. The Health Action Process Approach (HAPA), a behavioral change framework, was adapted to known barriers of medication adherence. The study concluded that the newly developed framework provides a patient centered approach to facilitate and improve pharmacist-patient conversations regarding medication adherence.
AHRQ-funded; HS022135.
Citation: Wiener ES, Mullins CD, Pincus KJ .
A framework for pharmacist-assisted medication adherence in hard-to-reach patients.
Res Social Adm Pharm 2015 Sep-Oct;11(5):595-601. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2014.11.0.
Keywords: Medication, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Access to Care, Provider: Pharmacist
Tilden EL, Lee VR, Allen AJ
Cost-effectiveness analysis of latent versus active labor hospital admission for medically low-risk, term women.
The purpose of this study was to assess the outcomes and costs of hospital admission during the latent versus active phase of labor. It found that delaying admission until active labor would result in 672,000 fewer epidurals, 67,232 fewer cesarean deliveries, and 9.6 fewer maternal deaths in our theoretic cohort as compared to admission during latent labor.
AHRQ-funded; HS017582.
Citation: Tilden EL, Lee VR, Allen AJ .
Cost-effectiveness analysis of latent versus active labor hospital admission for medically low-risk, term women.
Birth 2015 Sep;42(3):219-26. doi: 10.1111/birt.12179..
Keywords: Labor and Delivery, Comparative Effectiveness, Healthcare Costs, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Hospitalization
Whicher DM, Kass NE, Audera-Lopez C
Ethical issues in patient safety research: a systematic review of the literature.
The authors provided a review of the literature related to ethics, oversight, and patient safety research; identified issues highlighted in articles as being of ethical relevance; described areas of consensus regarding how to respond to these ethical issues; and highlighted areas where additional ethical analysis and discussion are needed to provide guidance to those in the field.
AHRQ-funded; HS000029.
Citation: Whicher DM, Kass NE, Audera-Lopez C .
Ethical issues in patient safety research: a systematic review of the literature.
J Patient Saf 2015 Sep;11(3):174-84. doi: 10.1097/pts.0000000000000064.
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Keywords: Health Services Research (HSR), Patient Safety, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Beffa LR, Petroski GF, Kruse RL
Functional status of nursing home residents before and after abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.
The authors evaluated the effects of elective open AAA repair (OAR) and endovascular AAA repair (EVAR) and evaluated comorbidities for their impact on functional trajectories after discharge. They found that procedure type was not significantly related to postoperative function or to the subsequent rate of improvement. OAR and EVAR were associated with similar initial declines and comparable postoperative trajectories, suggesting that less invasive EVAR was not associated with improved functional preservation compared with OAR. Longer stays were associated with poorer functional trajectories.
AHRQ-funded; HS022140.
Citation: Beffa LR, Petroski GF, Kruse RL .
Functional status of nursing home residents before and after abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.
J Vasc Nurs 2015 Sep;33(3):106-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jvn.2015.02.003.
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Keywords: Adverse Events, Elderly, Nursing Homes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Surgery
Michelson KA, Monuteaux MC, Neuman MI
Glucocorticoids and hospital length of stay for children with anaphylaxis: a retrospective study.
The objective of this study was to evaluate whether glucocorticoid administration is associated with improved outcomes in children with anaphylaxis. The investigators found that the use of glucocorticoids was inversely associated with prolonged length of stay among children hospitalized with anaphylaxis, but was not associated with 3-day emergency department revisits among discharged children, thus supporting the use of glucocorticoids in children hospitalized with anaphylaxis.
AHRQ-funded; HS000063.
Citation: Michelson KA, Monuteaux MC, Neuman MI .
Glucocorticoids and hospital length of stay for children with anaphylaxis: a retrospective study.
J Pediatr 2015 Sep;167(3):719-24.e1-3. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.05.033.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Medication, Respiratory Conditions, Respiratory Conditions, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Nijhawan AE, Kitchell E, Etherton SS
Half of 30-day hospital readmissions among HIV-infected patients are potentially preventable.
The researchers assessed whether readmissions among HIV-infected patients were potentially preventable using both published criteria and detailed chart review, how readmissions might have been prevented, and the phase of care deemed suboptimal (inpatient care, discharge planning, post-discharge). They found that among 130 individuals experiencing 30-day readmissions, about half were determined to be potentially preventable using published criteria (53 percent) or implicit chart review (48 percent).
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Nijhawan AE, Kitchell E, Etherton SS .
Half of 30-day hospital readmissions among HIV-infected patients are potentially preventable.
AIDS Patient Care STDS 2015 Sep;29(9):465-73. doi: 10.1089/apc.2015.0096..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hospital Readmissions, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Prevention
Zanocco K, Butt Z, Kaltman D
Improvement in patient-reported physical and mental health after parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) assessment in the clinical setting to measure changes in patient-reported health before and after parathyroidectomy. It found that PROMIS is an efficient clinical assessment platform for measuring patient-reported outcomes in primary hyperparathyroidism via computer-adaptive testing.
AHRQ-funded; HS000078.
Citation: Zanocco K, Butt Z, Kaltman D .
Improvement in patient-reported physical and mental health after parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism.
Surgery 2015 Sep;158(3):837-45. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2015.03.054..
Keywords: Health Status, Surgery, Behavioral Health, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Outcomes
Zhang H, Masoudi FA, Li J
National assessment of early beta-blocker therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction in China, 2001-2011: The China Patient-centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events (PEACE)-Retrospective AMI study.
The objective of this study was to perform a national quality assessment of early β-blocker use during hospitalization for AMI over the past decade in China. It found that the use of early β-blocker therapy for patients with AMI in China is suboptimal, with underuse in patients who could benefit and substantial use among those who might be harmed.
AHRQ-funded; HS023000.
Citation: Zhang H, Masoudi FA, Li J .
National assessment of early beta-blocker therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction in China, 2001-2011: The China Patient-centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events (PEACE)-Retrospective AMI study.
Am Heart J 2015 Sep;170(3):506-15.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2015.05.012..
Keywords: Heart Disease and Health, Hospitalization, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Quality of Care
Aboumatar HJ, Chang BH, Danaf J
Promising practices for achieving patient-centered hospital care: a national study of high-performing US hospitals.
The researchers conducted a national study of hospitals that achieved the highest performance on Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems HCAHPS to identify promising practices for improving patient-centeredness, common challenges met, and how those were addressed. They found that high-performing hospitals used a set of patient-centered care processes that involved both leaders and clinicians in ensuring that patient needs and preferences are addressed.
AHRQ-funded; HS021921.
Citation: Aboumatar HJ, Chang BH, Danaf J .
Promising practices for achieving patient-centered hospital care: a national study of high-performing US hospitals.
Med Care 2015 Sep;53(9):758-67. doi: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000000396..
Keywords: Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS), Hospitals, Patient Experience, Quality of Care, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Suri P, Pashova H, Heagerty PJ
Short-term improvements in disability mediate patient satisfaction after epidural corticosteroid injections for symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis.
The researchers sought to identify mediators of the effect of lumbar epidural injections of corticosteroid plus lidocaine on patient satisfaction at 6 weeks postinjection in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. Three-week change in disability was a significant mediator of the effects of lumbar epidural corticosteroid injections on patient satisfaction at 6 weeks, explaining 48 percent to 60 percent of the treatment effect on satisfaction.
AHRQ-funded; HS019222; HS022972.
Citation: Suri P, Pashova H, Heagerty PJ .
Short-term improvements in disability mediate patient satisfaction after epidural corticosteroid injections for symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis.
Spine 2015 Sep 01;40(17):1363-70. doi: 10.1097/brs.0000000000001000.
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Keywords: Medication, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Back Health and Pain, Patient Experience
Wysham NG, Cox CE, Wolf SP
Symptom burden of chronic lung disease compared with lung cancer at time of referral for palliative care consultation.
The authors compared the symptom burden of chronic lung disease with that of lung cancer at the time of initial palliative care consultation. They found that patients with chronic lung disease have symptom burdens similar to those of patients with lung cancer at the time of the first palliative care encounter. They concluded that, given the population burden of chronic lung disease and limitations in the palliative care workforce, attention should be focused on ensuring that pulmonologists are prepared to assess and manage the common palliative care needs of patients with chronic lung disease.
AHRQ-funded; HS023681.
Citation: Wysham NG, Cox CE, Wolf SP .
Symptom burden of chronic lung disease compared with lung cancer at time of referral for palliative care consultation.
Ann Am Thorac Soc 2015 Sep;12(9):1294-301. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201503-180OC.
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Keywords: Respiratory Conditions, Cancer: Lung Cancer, Pain, Palliative Care, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Sofolahan-Oladeinde Y, Mullins CD, Baquet CR
Using community-based participatory research in patient-centered outcomes research to address health disparities in under-represented communities.
The authors proposed ways by which patient-centered outcomes research can effectively use community-based participatory research principles to engage patients in general, and specifically patients from underserved communities, in the hope that this will help to reduce and eventually eliminate health disparities.
AHRQ-funded; HS022135.
Citation: Sofolahan-Oladeinde Y, Mullins CD, Baquet CR .
Using community-based participatory research in patient-centered outcomes research to address health disparities in under-represented communities.
J Comp Eff Res 2015 Sep;4(5):515-23. doi: 10.2217/cer.15.31.
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Keywords: Access to Care, Disparities, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Vulnerable Populations
Marsolo K, Margolis PA, Forrest CB
A digital architecture for a network-based learning health system: integrating chronic care management, quality improvement, and research.
The authors collaborated with the ImproveCareNow Network to create a proof-of-concept architecture for a network-based Learning Health System. This collaboration involved transitioning an existing registry to one that is linked to the electronic health record (EHR), enabling a “data in once” strategy. This required automating a series of reports that support care improvement while also demonstrating the use of observational registry data for comparative effectiveness research.
AHRQ-funded; HS020024; HS022974.
Citation: Marsolo K, Margolis PA, Forrest CB .
A digital architecture for a network-based learning health system: integrating chronic care management, quality improvement, and research.
eGEMS 2015 Aug 17;3(1):1168. doi: 10.13063/2327-9214.1168..
Keywords: Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Registries, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Comparative Effectiveness, Health Information Technology (HIT)
El-Jawahri A, Mitchell SL, Paasche-Orlow MK
A randomized controlled trial of a CPR and intubation video decision support tool for hospitalized patients.
The researchers examined the impact of a video decision tool for CPR and intubation on patients’ choices, knowledge, medical orders, and discussions with providers. They found that seriously ill patients who viewed a video about CPR and intubation were more likely not to want these treatments, be better informed about their options, have orders to forgo CPR/ intubation, and discuss preferences with providers.
AHRQ-funded; HS018780.
Citation: El-Jawahri A, Mitchell SL, Paasche-Orlow MK .
A randomized controlled trial of a CPR and intubation video decision support tool for hospitalized patients.
J Gen Intern Med 2015 Aug;30(8):1071-80. doi: 10.1007/s11606-015-3200-2..
Keywords: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Clinical Decision Support (CDS), Decision Making, Clinician-Patient Communication
Bateman BT, Huybrechts KF, Maeda A
Calcium channel blocker exposure in late pregnancy and the risk of neonatal seizures.
This study assessed whether maternal calcium channel blocker exposure during late pregnancy is independently associated with neonatal seizures after carefully controlling for confounding factors. It found no significant increase in the risk of neonatal seizures in neonates attributable to maternal calcium channel blocker exposure in late pregnancy.
AHRQ-funded; HS018533.
Citation: Bateman BT, Huybrechts KF, Maeda A .
Calcium channel blocker exposure in late pregnancy and the risk of neonatal seizures.
Obstet Gynecol 2015 Aug;126(2):271-8. doi: 10.1097/aog.0000000000000908..
Keywords: Pregnancy, Adverse Events, Medication, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Newborns/Infants
Ho T, Dukhovny D, Zupancic JA
Choosing Wisely in newborn medicine: five opportunities to increase value.
This report describes the identification of 5 tests and treatments in newborn medicine. The expert panel achieved consensus on the top 5 items. The first item was to avoid routine use of antireflux medications for treatment of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease or for treatment of apnea and desaturation in preterm infants.
AHRQ-funded; HS000063.
Citation: Ho T, Dukhovny D, Zupancic JA .
Choosing Wisely in newborn medicine: five opportunities to increase value.
Pediatrics 2015 Aug;136(2):e482-9. doi: 10.1542/peds.2015-0737..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Prevention, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Guidelines
Rundell SD, Gellhorn AC, Comstock BA
Clinical outcomes of early and later physical therapist services for older adults with back pain.
The purpose of this study was to compare clinical outcomes of patients receiving early or later PT services with those not receiving PT among older adults presenting to primary care for a new visit for back pain. It found that among older adults early referral to PT resulted in no or minimal differences in pain, function, or health-related quality at 3, 6, or 12 months compared with a matched group that did not receive early PT.
AHRQ-funded; HS019222.
Citation: Rundell SD, Gellhorn AC, Comstock BA .
Clinical outcomes of early and later physical therapist services for older adults with back pain.
Spine J 2015 Aug;15(8):1744-55. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2015.04.001..
Keywords: Back Health and Pain, Elderly, Primary Care, Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Du XL, Zhang Y, Parikh RC
Comparative effectiveness of chemotherapy regimens in prolonging survival for two large population-based cohorts of elderly adults with breast and colon cancer in 1992-2009.
The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of chemotherapy in prolonging survival according to age in breast and colon cancer. It found that the effectiveness of chemotherapy decreased with age in participants with breast cancer, in whom chemotherapy appears to be effective until age 79 except for the doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide combination, which was effective in participants aged 80 to 84.
AHRQ-funded; HS018956.
Citation: Du XL, Zhang Y, Parikh RC .
Comparative effectiveness of chemotherapy regimens in prolonging survival for two large population-based cohorts of elderly adults with breast and colon cancer in 1992-2009.
J Am Geriatr Soc 2015 Aug;63(8):1570-82. doi: 10.1111/jgs.13523..
Keywords: Cancer, Cancer: Breast Cancer, Treatments, Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Goldman SN, Liss DT, Brown T
Comparative effectiveness of multifaceted outreach to initiate colorectal cancer screening in community health centers: a randomized controlled trial.
The researchers sought to determine whether outreach increases fecal immune-chemical test (FIT) uptake among patients with no CRC screening history compared to usual care. They found that patients who received outreach were more likely to complete FIT than those in usual care (36.7 percent vs. 14.8 percent).
AHRQ-funded; HS021141.
Citation: Goldman SN, Liss DT, Brown T .
Comparative effectiveness of multifaceted outreach to initiate colorectal cancer screening in community health centers: a randomized controlled trial.
J Gen Intern Med 2015 Aug;30(8):1178-84. doi: 10.1007/s11606-015-3234-5..
Keywords: Community-Based Practice, Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Prevention, Screening
Morgans AK, Schapira L
Confronting therapeutic failure: a conversation guide.
The authors review the classic six-step SPIKES (setting, perception, invitation for information, knowledge, empathy, summarize and strategize) protocol for giving bad news that has been widely adopted since it was first published in this journal in 2005. They also offer practical tips derived from a thorough review of the evidence and our clinical experience.
AHRQ-funded; HS022990.
Citation: Morgans AK, Schapira L .
Confronting therapeutic failure: a conversation guide.
Oncologist 2015 Aug;20(8):946-51. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2015-0050..
Keywords: Cancer, Clinician-Patient Communication, Communication, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research