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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
126 to 150 of 229 Research Studies DisplayedWu YW, Kuzniewicz MW, Wickremasinghe AC
Risk for cerebral palsy in infants with total serum bilirubin levels at or above the exchange transfusion threshold: a population-based study.
The researchers sought to quantify the risks for cerebral palsy (CP) and CP consistent with kernicterus that are associated with high with total serum bilirubin (TSB) levels based on the 2004 American Academy of Pediatrics exchange transfusion threshold (ETT) guidelines. They condcluded that CP consistent with kernicterus occurred only in infants with 2 or more risk factors for neurotoxicity and TSB levels of more than 5 mg/dL above the ETT.
AHRQ-funded; HS020618.
Citation: Wu YW, Kuzniewicz MW, Wickremasinghe AC .
Risk for cerebral palsy in infants with total serum bilirubin levels at or above the exchange transfusion threshold: a population-based study.
JAMA Pediatr 2015 Mar;169(3):239-46. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.3036.
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Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Risk, Children/Adolescents
Neff JM, Clifton H, Popalisky J
Stratification of children by medical complexity.
The investigators stratified children using the software, Clinical Risk Groups (CRGs), in a tertiary children's hospital and a state's Medicaid claims data into 3 condition groups: complex chronic disease; noncomplex chronic disease, and nonchronic disease. They concluded that CRGs can be used to stratify children receiving care at a tertiary care hospital according to complexity in both hospital and Medicaid administrative data.
AHRQ-funded; HS020506.
Citation: Neff JM, Clifton H, Popalisky J .
Stratification of children by medical complexity.
Acad Pediatr 2015 Mar-Apr;15(2):191-6. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2014.10.007.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Chronic Conditions, Data, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Children/Adolescents
Mueller EL, Sabbatini A, Gebremariam A
Why pediatric patients with cancer visit the emergency department: United States, 2006-2010.
The authors explored reasons prompting emergency department (ED) visits and factors associated with hospital admission among pediatric patients with cancer. They concluded that fever with neutropenia was the most common reason for ED visits among pediatric patients with cancer and was the condition most strongly associated with admission, and that socioeconomic factors appeared to influence ED disposition for this population.
AHRQ-funded; HS022982.
Citation: Mueller EL, Sabbatini A, Gebremariam A .
Why pediatric patients with cancer visit the emergency department: United States, 2006-2010.
Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015 Mar;62(3):490-5. doi: 10.1002/pbc.25288.
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Keywords: Cancer, Children/Adolescents, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Emergency Department, Hospitalization
Mabry-Hernandez I, Chu K
AHRQ Author: Mabry-Hernandez I
Screening for primary hypertension in children and adolescents.
This article presents a case study about a 14-year-old black adolescent who presents for a routine school physical examination. Her mother tells you that she and her husband have hypertension, and they worry about their daughter’s blood pressure. She asks you whether her child should be periodically checked for high blood pressure. The case study was coordinated with the AHRQ-administered US Preventive Services Task Force and published online on the American Academy of Family Practice website.
Citation: Mabry-Hernandez I, Chu K .
Screening for primary hypertension in children and adolescents.
Am Fam Physician 2015 Feb 15;91(4):257-8..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Children/Adolescents, Blood Pressure, Screening, Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines, Prevention, Case Study
Gibbons RD, Coca Perraillon M, Hur K
Antidepressant treatment and suicide attempts and self-inflicted injury in children and adolescents.
This study explores the relationship between antidepressant treatment and suicide attempt and self-inflicted injury in depressed children ages 5–17. Using two large claim datasets (LifeLink and MarketScan), the researchers find that after taking into account the time-varying effect of confounders, the apparent link between antidepressant use and suicide attempts and self-inflicted injury is diminished and not statistically significant.
AHRQ-funded; HS021093; HS000084
Citation: Gibbons RD, Coca Perraillon M, Hur K .
Antidepressant treatment and suicide attempts and self-inflicted injury in children and adolescents.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2015 Feb;24(2):208-14. doi: 10.1002/pds.3713..
Keywords: Medication, Children/Adolescents, Depression, Risk
Conlon TW, Falkensammer CB, Hammond RS
Association of left ventricular systolic function and vasopressor support with survival following pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
This study characterizes the association of hospital discharge survival with left ventricular systolic function evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography and vasoactive infusion support following return of spontaneous circulation after pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. It found that in patients receiving transthoracic echocardiography within the first 24 hours, decreased left ventricular systolic function and vasopressor use were common.
AHRQ-funded; HS022464.
Citation: Conlon TW, Falkensammer CB, Hammond RS .
Association of left ventricular systolic function and vasopressor support with survival following pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
Pediatr Crit Care Med 2015 Feb;16(2):146-54. doi: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000000305..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Hospital Discharge, Mortality, Heart Disease and Health
Dingfield L, Bender L, Harris P
Comparison of pediatric and adult hospice patients using electronic medical record data from nine hospices in the United States, 2008-2012.
The researchers aimed to assess differences between pediatric and adult hospice patients regarding patient characteristics and outcomes. They found that pediatric patients were less likely to have an admitting diagnosis of cancer and less likely to use oxygen at enrollment but were more likely to have an enteral feeding tube. Also, pediatric patients were half as likely as adults to have a do-not-resuscitate order upon hospice enrollment.
AHRQ-funded; HS018425; HS021780.
Citation: Dingfield L, Bender L, Harris P .
Comparison of pediatric and adult hospice patients using electronic medical record data from nine hospices in the United States, 2008-2012.
J Palliat Med 2015 Feb;18(2):120-6. doi: 10.1089/jpm.2014.0195..
Keywords: Cancer, Children/Adolescents, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT)
Klevens J, Barnett SB, Florence C
Exploring policies for the reduction of child physical abuse and neglect.
This article identifies 37 state policies that might have impacts on the social determinants of child maltreatment and utilizes the available data to explore effects of 11 policies. There were two policies that were significantly associated with decreased child maltreatment rates: lack of waitlists to access subsidized child care and policies that facilitate continuity of child health care.
AHRQ-funded; HS013853.
Citation: Klevens J, Barnett SB, Florence C .
Exploring policies for the reduction of child physical abuse and neglect.
Child Abuse Negl 2015 Feb;40:1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.07.013.
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Keywords: Domestic Violence, Children/Adolescents, Policy, Risk
Dotson JL, Crandall WV, Zhang P
Feasibility and validity of the pediatric ulcerative colitis activity index in routine clinical practice.
The specific objectives of this study were to evaluate the feasibility of using the Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index (PUCAI) in routine clinical practice settings and the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between PUCAI and physician global assessment. Based on a population drawn from a large, diverse collection of pediatric gastroenterology practices, the study concluded that the PUCAI is feasible to use in routine clinical settings.
AHRQ-funded; HS020024.
Citation: Dotson JL, Crandall WV, Zhang P .
Feasibility and validity of the pediatric ulcerative colitis activity index in routine clinical practice.
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2015 Feb;60(2):200-4. doi: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000000568.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Registries, Children/Adolescents, Comparative Effectiveness
Valet RS, Gebretsadik T, Minton PA
Prevalence and characteristics of medication sharing behavior in a pediatric Medicaid population with asthma.
The researchers described features surrounding the sharing and borrowing of nonprescription medications and examine the effects of this behavior on adverse asthma outcomes among children with asthma. They found a trend toward decreased Asthma Control Test (ACT) score and a higher proportion of patients with ACT scores of 19 or lower among those who shared or borrowed medication.
AHRQ-funded; HS019669.
Citation: Valet RS, Gebretsadik T, Minton PA .
Prevalence and characteristics of medication sharing behavior in a pediatric Medicaid population with asthma.
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2015 Feb;114(2):151-3. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2014.11.007..
Keywords: Medication, Children/Adolescents, Medicaid, Asthma, Adverse Drug Events (ADE)
Boss EF, Benke JR, Tunkel DE
Public insurance and timing of polysomnography and surgical care for children with sleep-disordered breathing.
The purpose of this study was (1) to evaluate receipt and timing of polysomnography (PSG) in relation to ultimate surgical therapy with adenotonsillectomy for children undergoing evaluation for sleep-disordered breathing and (2) to evaluate differences based on socioeconomic status. It found that referral for PSG resulted in significant loss to follow-up for all children and delayed definitive surgical treatment for children with public insurance.
AHRQ-funded; HS022932.
Citation: Boss EF, Benke JR, Tunkel DE .
Public insurance and timing of polysomnography and surgical care for children with sleep-disordered breathing.
JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2015 Feb;141(2):106-11. doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2014.3085..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Sleep Problems, Social Determinants of Health, Access to Care, Health Insurance, Surgery
Olfson M, Gerhard T
Re-examining antidepressant risk of self-injury in children and adolescents.
This commentary discusses issues raised in the study by Gibbons, et al. that focused on the association between antidepressant treatment and risk of medically injurious self-inflicted harm in young people diagnosed with depression. One example is the threat of unmeasured confounding that arises from the wide range of self-injury risk factors that are not represented in claims data.
AHRQ-funded; HS021112.
Citation: Olfson M, Gerhard T .
Re-examining antidepressant risk of self-injury in children and adolescents.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2015 Feb;24(2):215-7. doi: 10.1002/pds.3737..
Keywords: Medication, Children/Adolescents, Depression, Risk
Crosby LE, Shook LM, Ware RE
Shared decision making for hydroxyurea treatment initiation in children with sickle cell anemia.
While decision aids and tools are being developed, the authors recommended six strategies providers can use to facilitate discussions concerning the NHLBI clinical guidelines to recommend hydroxyurea for young patients with sickle cell anemia.
AHRQ-funded; HS021114.
Citation: Crosby LE, Shook LM, Ware RE .
Shared decision making for hydroxyurea treatment initiation in children with sickle cell anemia.
Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015 Feb;62(2):184-85. doi: 10.1002/pbc.25124.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Decision Making, Education: Patient and Caregiver, Patient and Family Engagement, Sickle Cell Disease
Rust G, Zhang S, Holloway K
Timing of emergency department visits for childhood asthma after initial inhaled corticosteroid use.
This study measured the incidence and timing of emergency department (ED) visits in the first 90 days after an initial inhaled corticosteroid prescription (ICS-Rx). It found that one in 5 children with asthma had at least 1 ED visit in the first 90 days after initial ICS-Rx; 10 percent of these visits occurred within the first 48 hours, and 25 percent occurred within the first week.
AHRQ-funded; HS022444; HS019470.
Citation: Rust G, Zhang S, Holloway K .
Timing of emergency department visits for childhood asthma after initial inhaled corticosteroid use.
Popul Health Manag 2015 Feb;18(1):54-60. doi: 10.1089/pop.2013.0126..
Keywords: Asthma, Children/Adolescents, Emergency Department, Medication
Glenn BA, Tsui J, Singhal R
Factors associated with HPV awareness among mothers of low-income ethnic minority adolescent girls in Los Angeles.
The investigators studied demographic factors associated with HPV awareness among low-income, ethnic minority mothers in Los Angeles County. Using data from the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health Office of Women's Health, they found that one in three participants had never heard of HPV or the vaccine, with mothers unaware of HPV being significantly more likely to conduct the interview in a language other than English and to lack health insurance for their daughters. HPV vaccine awareness was much lower in this caregiver sample than in a simultaneous national survey of caregivers.
AHRQ-funded; HS000046.
Citation: Glenn BA, Tsui J, Singhal R .
Factors associated with HPV awareness among mothers of low-income ethnic minority adolescent girls in Los Angeles.
Vaccine 2015 Jan 3;33(2):289-93. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.11.032.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Low-Income, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Social Determinants of Health, Vaccination
Torio CM, Encinosa WE, Berdahl T
AHRQ Author: Torio CM, Encinosa WE, Berdahl T
Annual report on health care for children and youth in the United States: national estimates of cost, utilization and expenditures for children with mental health conditions.
This study examined national trends in hospital utilization, costs, and expenditures for children with mental health conditions between 2006 and 2011. It found that hospitalizations for all listed mental health conditions increased by nearly 50 percent among children aged 10 to 14 years and by 21 percent for emergency department visits.
AHRQ-authored
Citation: Torio CM, Encinosa WE, Berdahl T .
Annual report on health care for children and youth in the United States: national estimates of cost, utilization and expenditures for children with mental health conditions.
Acad Pediatr. 2015 Jan-Feb;15(1):19-35. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2014.07.007..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Hospitalization, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), Behavioral Health
Salloum A, Crawford EA, Lewin AB
Consumers' and providers' perceptions of utilizing a computer-assisted cognitive behavioral therapy for childhood anxiety.
The purpose of this study was to explore consumers’ and providers’ perceptions of utilizing a Computer-Assisted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CCBT) for childhood anxiety in community mental health centers (CMHC) in an effort to identify factors that may impact implementation of CCBT in CMHC. Results suggest that both consumers and providers were highly receptive to participation in and implementation of CCBT in CMHC.
AHRQ-funded; HS018665.
Citation: Salloum A, Crawford EA, Lewin AB .
Consumers' and providers' perceptions of utilizing a computer-assisted cognitive behavioral therapy for childhood anxiety.
Behav Cogn Psychother 2015 Jan;43(1):31-41. doi: 10.1017/s1352465813000647..
Keywords: Anxiety, Children/Adolescents, Community-Based Practice, Health Information Technology (HIT), Patient Experience
DeVoe JE, Marino M, Angier H
Effect of expanding Medicaid for parents on children's health insurance coverage: lessons from the Oregon Experiment.
This study estimated the effect on a child’s health insurance coverage status when (1) a parent randomly gains access to health insurance and (2) a parent obtains coverage. It found that children’s odds of having Medicaid or CHIP coverage increased when their parents were randomly selected to apply for Medicaid. Children whose parents were selected and subsequently obtained coverage benefited most.
AHRQ-funded; HS018569
Citation: DeVoe JE, Marino M, Angier H .
Effect of expanding Medicaid for parents on children's health insurance coverage: lessons from the Oregon Experiment.
JAMA Surg. 2015 Mar;150(3):223-8. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2014.2239..
Keywords: Medicaid, Health Insurance, Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP), Children/Adolescents
Pitzer VE, Viboud C, Alonso WJ
AHRQ Author: Steiner CA
Environmental drivers of the spatiotemporal dynamics of respiratory syncytial virus in the United States.
The authors examined the association between environmental variables and state-specific measures of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) seasonality. They found that states with low mean vapor pressure and the largest seasonal variation in potential evapotranspiration tended to experience biennial patterns of RSV activity, with alternating years of "early-big" and "late-small" epidemics. Their results successfully connected environmental drivers to the epidemic dynamics of RSV; however, the results do not fully explain why RSV activity begins in Florida, one of the warmest states, when RSV is a winter-seasonal pathogen.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Pitzer VE, Viboud C, Alonso WJ .
Environmental drivers of the spatiotemporal dynamics of respiratory syncytial virus in the United States.
PLoS Pathog 2015 Jan;11(1):e1004591. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004591.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Newborns/Infants, Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Conditions
Kranz AM, Rozier RG, Preisser JS
Examining continuity of care for Medicaid-enrolled children receiving oral health services in medical offices.
To understand continuity of oral health services for Medicaid-enrolled children utilizing the North Carolina (NC) Into the Mouths of Babes (IMB) preventive oral health program, the researchers examined the time to a dentist visit after a child’s third birthday. They found that children with only IMB visits compared to only dentist visits before age 3 had lower rates of dentist visits after their third birthday.
AHRQ-funded; HS000032.
Citation: Kranz AM, Rozier RG, Preisser JS .
Examining continuity of care for Medicaid-enrolled children receiving oral health services in medical offices.
Matern Child Health J 2015 Jan;19(1):196-203. doi: 10.1007/s10995-014-1510-3..
Keywords: Access to Care, Children/Adolescents, Community-Based Practice, Dental and Oral Health, Medicaid
Benjamin JM, Cox ED, Trapskin PJ
Family-initiated dialogue about medications during family-centered rounds.
The researchers sought to further understand the potential for family-centered rounds (FCRs) to foster pediatric medication safety. To that end, their study describes and quantifies medication-related topics raised by families during FCR and how this dialogue affects the children’s treatment plans. The families raised topics that altered treatment and were important for medication safety, adherence, and satisfaction.
AHRQ-funded; HS018680
Citation: Benjamin JM, Cox ED, Trapskin PJ .
Family-initiated dialogue about medications during family-centered rounds.
Pediatrics. 2015 Jan;135(1):94-101. doi: 10.1542/peds.2013-3885..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Communication, Medication: Safety, Patient Safety
Shaikh U, Berrong J, Nettiksimmons J
Impact of electronic health record clinical decision support on the management of pediatric obesity.
The investigators assessed the impact of electronic health record-based clinical decision support in improving the diagnosis and management of pediatric obesity. They found a statistically significant increase in the diagnosis of overweight/obesity, scheduling of follow-up appointments, frequency of ordering recommended laboratory investigations, and assessment and counseling for nutrition and physical activity.
AHRQ-funded; HS018567.
Citation: Shaikh U, Berrong J, Nettiksimmons J .
Impact of electronic health record clinical decision support on the management of pediatric obesity.
Am J Med Qual 2015 Jan-Feb;30(1):72-80. doi: 10.1177/1062860613517926.
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Keywords: Care Management, Children/Adolescents, Clinical Decision Support (CDS), Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT), Obesity, Obesity: Weight Management
Miller D, Noonan K, Fiks AG
Increasing pediatrician participation in EHR incentive programs.
The authors addressed potential causes of the variability of pediatrician registration in the meaningful use (MU) program and suggested specific solutions to support effective pediatric electronic health record implementation across all states. They concluded that implementing their proposed solutions would support pediatricians’ use of electronic health records, with an ultimate goal of improving child health.
AHRQ-funded; HS022689.
Citation: Miller D, Noonan K, Fiks AG .
Increasing pediatrician participation in EHR incentive programs.
Pediatrics 2015 Jan;135(1):e1-4. doi: 10.1542/peds.2014-2438.
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Keywords: Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP), Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Provider: Health Personnel, Medicaid, Children/Adolescents
Foote EM, Singleton RJ, Holman RC
AHRQ Author: Steiner CA
Lower respiratory tract infection hospitalizations among American Indian/Alaska Native children and the general United States child population.
The authors described the change in lower respiratory tract infection-associated hospitalization rates for American Indian and Alaskan Native (AI/AN) children and for the general US child population aged less than 5 years. They found that the 2009-2011 AI/AN child average annual LRTI-associated hospitalization rate was 1.5 times higher than the US child rate. The Alaska and Southwest regions had the highest rates. The disparity was greatest for infant pneumonia-associated and 2009-2010 H1N1 influenza-associated hospitalizations.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Foote EM, Singleton RJ, Holman RC .
Lower respiratory tract infection hospitalizations among American Indian/Alaska Native children and the general United States child population.
Int J Circumpolar Health 2015;74:29256. doi: 10.3402/ijch.v74.29256.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Hospitalization, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Respiratory Conditions
Gilbert AL, Downs SM
Medical legal partnership and health informatics impacting child health: interprofessional innovations.
This article describes the interprofessional nature of the Medical Legal Partnership ( MLP) model itself, illustrates the work that was done to craft this innovative health informatics approach to implementing MLP, and demonstrates how pediatricians social workers and attorneys may work together to improve child health outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; HS020640.
Citation: Gilbert AL, Downs SM .
Medical legal partnership and health informatics impacting child health: interprofessional innovations.
J Interprof Care 2015;29(6):564-9. doi: 10.3109/13561820.2015.1029066..
Keywords: Health Information Technology (HIT), Children/Adolescents, Clinical Decision Support (CDS)