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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
176 to 200 of 3101 Research Studies DisplayedHiratsuka VY, Beans JA, Robinson RF
Self-determination in health research: an Alaska native example of tribal ownership and research regulation.
Southcentral Foundation (SCF), an Alaska Native-owned and operated health care organization, is transforming the relationship between researchers and the tribal community by making trust and accountability required features of health research in Alaska Native (AN) and American Indian (AI) communities. This review evaluates research through the lens of tribal principles, practices, and priorities. The SCF example provides a framework for other tribes and organizations seeking to reshape the future of health research in AN/AI communities.
AHRQ-funded; HS000079.
Citation: Hiratsuka VY, Beans JA, Robinson RF .
Self-determination in health research: an Alaska native example of tribal ownership and research regulation.
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017 Oct 31;14(11). doi: 10.3390/ijerph14111324.
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Keywords: Health Services Research (HSR), Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Policy, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Lowry C, Orr K, Embry B
Primary care scribes: writing a new story for safety net clinics.
The researchers conducted an evaluation of trained volunteer scribes for primary care clinics serving a diverse, low-income population in a US safety net system, which implemented a new EHR between 2011 and 2014. In a safety net primary care system, trained volunteer scribes were associated with improved clinician efficiency and experience and no difference in patient satisfaction.
AHRQ-funded; HS022561; HS023558.
Citation: Lowry C, Orr K, Embry B .
Primary care scribes: writing a new story for safety net clinics.
BMJ Open Qual 2017 Oct 25;6(2):e000124. doi: 10.1136/bmjoq-2017-000124.
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Keywords: Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Patient Experience, Primary Care, Health Information Technology (HIT), Workflow
Kelly G, Wang SY, Lucas G
Facilitating meaningful engagement on community advisory committees in patient-centered outcome research.
In this study, the investigators conducted a process evaluation of ongoing activities of a Patient Advisory Committee (PAC) formed around the development of an individualized decision aid for older women with early stage breast cancer. They indicated that their results suggested that engaging committee members in a process of evaluation and collective reflection during a research collaboration can break down barriers to collaboration, build relationships, create opportunities for co-learning and strengthen researchers' capacity to engage meaningfully with stakeholders.
AHRQ-funded; HS023900.
Citation: Kelly G, Wang SY, Lucas G .
Facilitating meaningful engagement on community advisory committees in patient-centered outcome research.
Prog Community Health Partnersh 2017;11(3):243-51. doi: 10.1353/cpr.2017.0029..
Keywords: Cancer, Cancer: Breast Cancer, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Research Methodologies
Sadasivaiah S, Smith DE, Goldman S
Improving best possible medication history with vulnerable patients at an urban safety net academic hospital using pharmacy technicians.
A multidisciplinary team designed an EHR-facilitated medication reconciliation program by which pharmacy technicians engaged newly admitted patients and their caregivers at the bedside to develop and electronically document the best possible medication history (BPMH). They found that, by optimizing not only the health information technology platform but also the operational processes, the program achieved a nearly 80 percent generation of BPMH completed by a highly trained pharmacy technician.
AHRQ-funded; HS022561; HS023558.
Citation: Sadasivaiah S, Smith DE, Goldman S .
Improving best possible medication history with vulnerable patients at an urban safety net academic hospital using pharmacy technicians.
BMJ Open Qual 2017 Oct 21;6(2):e000102. doi: 10.1136/bmjoq-2017-000102.
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Keywords: Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Medication, Patient Safety, Urban Health, Vulnerable Populations
Tedesco D, Gori D, Desai KR
Drug-free interventions to reduce pain or opioid consumption after total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
The authors systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed evidence of nonpharmacological interventions for postoperative pain management after total knee arthroplasty. The most commonly performed interventions included in the review were continuous passive motion, preoperative exercise, cryotherapy, electrotherapy, and acupuncture. In the meta-analysis, electrotherapy and acupuncture after total knee arthroplasty were associated with reduced and delayed opioid consumption.
AHRQ-funded; HS024096.
Citation: Tedesco D, Gori D, Desai KR .
Drug-free interventions to reduce pain or opioid consumption after total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
JAMA Surg 2017 Oct 18;152(10):e172872. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2017.2872.
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Keywords: Care Management, Medication, Opioids, Orthopedics, Pain, Surgery
Cotter D, Barrus D, Ma M
Effects of ESRD bundling on efficiency of U.S. dialysis centers.
The study aim was to evaluate whether the 2011 ESRD Prospective Payment System (PPS) improved the efficiency of U.S. dialysis centers and to identify which providers demonstrated changes in their efficiency after the PPS implementation. It found that about 36 percent of facilities were functioning efficiently in 2010, dropping to only 21-22 percent efficiently operating facilities in 2011-12.
AHRQ-funded; HS024190.
Citation: Cotter D, Barrus D, Ma M .
Effects of ESRD bundling on efficiency of U.S. dialysis centers.
Nephrol News Issues 2017 Oct 18.
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Keywords: Kidney Disease and Health, Payment, Ambulatory Care and Surgery
Sakaguchi-Tang DK, Bosold AL, Choi YK
Patient portal use and experience among older adults: systematic review.
The aim of this review was to assess the existing research landscape related to patient portal and electronic personal health records (ePHRs) use and experience among older adults and to understand the benefits and barriers to older adults' use and adoption of patient portals and ePHRs. Overall, it found 2 main barriers to use: (1) privacy and security and (2) access to and ability to use technology and the Internet.
AHRQ-funded; HS022106.
Citation: Sakaguchi-Tang DK, Bosold AL, Choi YK .
Patient portal use and experience among older adults: systematic review.
JMIR Med Inform 2017 Oct 16;5(4):e38. doi: 10.2196/medinform.8092.
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Keywords: Elderly, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Patient Experience, Web-Based
Mabry-Hernandez I, Gottfredson R
AHRQ Author: Mabry-Hernandez I
Screening for lipid disorders in children and adolescents.
This case study concerns a healthy 12-year-old boy presenting for a school physical and well visit. His family history reveals that his maternal grandfather had a heart attack and that his father has started taking a medication for elevated cholesterol levels. His mother is concerned about his genetic risk of a cholesterol disorder and asks if he should be screened. The article poses three multiple choice questions together with the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations and related background information.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Mabry-Hernandez I, Gottfredson R .
Screening for lipid disorders in children and adolescents.
Am Fam Physician 2017 Oct 15;96(8):529-30.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Family Health and History, Screening, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)
Adam SS, Flahiff CM, Kamble S
Depression, quality of life, and medical resource utilization in sickle cell disease.
Researchers performed an analytic epidemiologic prospective study to determine the prevalence of depression in adult patients with sickle cell disease and its association with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and medical resource utilization. They found that depression was associated with worse physical and mental HRQoL scores and during the 6 months following diagnosis, mean total health care costs were significantly higher in depressed patients than in nondepressed patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS017645.
Citation: Adam SS, Flahiff CM, Kamble S .
Depression, quality of life, and medical resource utilization in sickle cell disease.
Blood Adv 2017 Oct 12;1(23):1983-92. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017006940.
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Keywords: Depression, Healthcare Costs, Healthcare Utilization, Quality of Life, Sickle Cell Disease
Bachmann JM, Huang S, Gupta DK
Association of neighborhood socioeconomic context with participation in cardiac rehabilitation.
This study investigated the association of neighborhood socioeconomic context with Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) participation in the Southern Community Cohort Study- a prospective cohort study of 84 569 adults in the southeastern United States from 2002 to 2009, 52 117 of whom have Medicare or Medicaid claims. The study found that lower neighborhood socioeconomic context was associated with decreased CR participation independent of individual socioeconomic status. These data invite research on interventions to increase CR access in deprived communities.
AHRQ-funded; HS022990.
Citation: Bachmann JM, Huang S, Gupta DK .
Association of neighborhood socioeconomic context with participation in cardiac rehabilitation.
J Am Heart Assoc 2017 Oct 11;6(10). doi: 10.1161/jaha.117.006260..
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Healthcare Utilization, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Rehabilitation, Social Determinants of Health
Linder JA, Meeker D, Fox CR
Effects of behavioral interventions on inappropriate antibiotic prescribing in primary care 12 months after stopping interventions.
This study examines the persistence of effects 12 months after stopping behavioral interventions on inappropriate antibiotic prescribing. In the 12 months after removing behavioral interventions, inappropriate antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory infections (ARIs) increased relative to control practices—whose inappropriate prescribing rates continued to decrease.
AHRQ-funded; HS019913.
Citation: Linder JA, Meeker D, Fox CR .
Effects of behavioral interventions on inappropriate antibiotic prescribing in primary care 12 months after stopping interventions.
JAMA 2017 Oct 10;318(14):1391-92. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.11152.
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Keywords: Antibiotics, Practice Patterns, Primary Care, Comparative Effectiveness, Respiratory Conditions
Rhee C, Dantes R, Epstein L
Incidence and trends of sepsis in US hospitals using clinical vs claims data, 2009-2014.
The researchers estimated the US national incidence of sepsis and trends using detailed clinical data from the electronic health record (EHR) systems of diverse hospitals. In clinical data from 409 hospitals, sepsis was present in 6 percent of adult hospitalizations, and in contrast to claims-based analyses, neither the incidence of sepsis nor the combined outcome of death or discharge to hospice changed significantly between 2009-2014.
AHRQ-funded; HS025008.
Citation: Rhee C, Dantes R, Epstein L .
Incidence and trends of sepsis in US hospitals using clinical vs claims data, 2009-2014.
JAMA 2017 Oct 3;318(13):1241-49. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.13836.
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Keywords: Data, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Hospitals, Mortality, Sepsis
Angraal S, Ross JS, Dhruva SS
Merits of data sharing: The Digitalis Investigation Group Trial.
This letter discusses the merits of data sharing, such as its importance in maximizing what can be learned from clinical trials. The letter describes The DIG (Digitalis Investigation Group) trial as an ideal o assess the effects of data sharing.
AHRQ-funded; HS023000.
Citation: Angraal S, Ross JS, Dhruva SS .
Merits of data sharing: The Digitalis Investigation Group Trial.
J Am Coll Cardiol 2017 Oct 3;70(14):1825-27. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.07.786..
Keywords: Data, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Research Methodologies
Halbert CH, Jefferson M, Melvin CL
Provider advice about weight loss in a primary care sample of obese and overweight patients.
In this study the investigators examined receipt of provider advice to lose weight among primary care patients who were overweight and obese. The investigators found that patient beliefs about their weight status and perceptions about shared decision-making are important to receiving provider advice about weight loss/management among primary care patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS023047.
Citation: Halbert CH, Jefferson M, Melvin CL .
Provider advice about weight loss in a primary care sample of obese and overweight patients.
J Prim Care Community Health 2017 Oct;8(4):239-46. doi: 10.1177/2150131917715336..
Keywords: Decision Making, Obesity, Obesity: Weight Management, Practice Patterns, Primary Care
Jones CD, Jones J, RIchard A
"Connecting the Dots": a qualitative study of home health nurse perspectives on coordinating care for recently discharged patients.
This study described home health care (HHC) nurse perspectives about challenges and solutions to coordinating care for recently discharged patients. HHC nurses described challenges and solutions within domains of Accountability, Communication, Assessing Needs & Goals, and Medication Management. One additional domain of Safety, for both patients and HHC nurses, emerged from the analysis.
AHRQ-funded; HS024569.
Citation: Jones CD, Jones J, RIchard A .
"Connecting the Dots": a qualitative study of home health nurse perspectives on coordinating care for recently discharged patients.
J Gen Intern Med 2017 Oct;32(10):1114-21. doi: 10.1007/s11606-017-4104-0.
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Keywords: Care Coordination, Elderly, Home Healthcare, Health Services Research (HSR), Hospital Discharge
Baiocchi M, Omondi B, Langat N
A behavior-based intervention that prevents sexual assault: the results of a matched-pairs, cluster-randomized study in Nairobi, Kenya.
This study was a cluster-randomized, matched-pairs, parallel trial of a behavior-based sexual assault prevention intervention in the informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya. The study intervention combined parallel training for young adolescent girls and boys in school settings and showed significant reduction in the rate of sexual assault among girls in this population.
AHRQ-funded; HS022192.
Citation: Baiocchi M, Omondi B, Langat N .
A behavior-based intervention that prevents sexual assault: the results of a matched-pairs, cluster-randomized study in Nairobi, Kenya.
Prev Sci 2017 Oct;18(7):818-27. doi: 10.1007/s11121-016-0701-0..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Education, Prevention, Women
Herc E, Patel P, Washer LL
A model to predict central-line-associated bloodstream infection among patients with peripherally inserted central catheters: the MPC Score.
Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are associated with central-line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs). However, no tools to predict risk of PICC-CLABSI have been developed. The purpose of this study is to operationalize or prioritize CLABSI risk factors when making decisions regarding the use of PICCs using a risk model to estimate an individual's risk of PICC-CLABSI prior to device placement.
AHRQ-funded; HS022835.
Citation: Herc E, Patel P, Washer LL .
A model to predict central-line-associated bloodstream infection among patients with peripherally inserted central catheters: the MPC Score.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017 Oct;38(10):1155-66. doi: 10.1017/ice.2017.167..
Keywords: Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI), Decision Making, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Patient Safety
Taylor HA, Morales C, Wilfond BS
A trial to test a novel approach to diabetes prevention.
This report presents a case introduction and summary in which the study under consideration planned to randomize patients at risk of diabetes (Type 2) to positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy to prevent the progression from prediabetes to diabetes (Type 2).
AHRQ-funded; HS000029.
Citation: Taylor HA, Morales C, Wilfond BS .
A trial to test a novel approach to diabetes prevention.
Am J Bioeth 2017 Oct;17(10):74-75. doi: 10.1080/15265161.2017.1366200..
Keywords: Diabetes, Prevention, Chronic Conditions
Rauscher GH, Dabbous F, Dolecek TA
Absence of an anticipated racial disparity in interval breast cancer within a large health care organization.
The researchers sought to estimate the extent of an anticipated racial disparity in interval breast cancer (IBC) within a single, large health care organization. Contrary to expectation, in patient-adjusted models, there was no IBC racial disparity. The sorting of patients by race across facilities appears to have mitigated an otherwise anticipated disparity in IBC.
AHRQ-funded; HS018366.
Citation: Rauscher GH, Dabbous F, Dolecek TA .
Absence of an anticipated racial disparity in interval breast cancer within a large health care organization.
Ann Epidemiol 2017 Oct;27(10):654-58. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2017.09.002.
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Keywords: Cancer: Breast Cancer, Cancer, Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Women, Screening, Screening, Imaging
Wolinsky FD, Lou Y, Edmonds SW
Activating patients with a tailored bone density test results letter and educational brochure: the PAADRN Randomized Controlled Trial.
This study examined whether a tailored patient-activation letter communicating bone mineral density (BMD) test results plus an educational brochure improved patient activation scores and levels at 12 and 52 wk post-baseline as the mechanism leading to enhanced bone healthcare.
AHRQ-funded; HS023009.
Citation: Wolinsky FD, Lou Y, Edmonds SW .
Activating patients with a tailored bone density test results letter and educational brochure: the PAADRN Randomized Controlled Trial.
J Clin Densitom 2017 Oct/Dec;20(4):464-71. doi: 10.1016/j.jocd.2016.08.012..
Keywords: Education: Patient and Caregiver, Health Literacy, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Patient and Family Engagement, Clinician-Patient Communication
Walker J, Crotty BH, O'Brien J
Addressing the challenges of aging: how elders and their care partners seek information.
Elders in retirement communities face many challenges concerning information and communication. The purpose of this study was to gain insights into how these elders and their families manage health information and communication. The study suggests that elders in senior living communities, and their families, piece together information primarily from word of mouth communication. It asserts that electronic social and collaborative technologies may make information gathering easier.
AHRQ-funded; HS021495.
Citation: Walker J, Crotty BH, O'Brien J .
Addressing the challenges of aging: how elders and their care partners seek information.
Gerontologist 2017 Oct 1;57(5):955-62. doi: 10.1093/geront/gnw060..
Keywords: Elderly, Caregiving, Communication, Care Coordination, Patient and Family Engagement, Health Information Technology (HIT)
Erves JC, Mayo-Gamble TL, Hull PC
Adolescent participation in HPV vaccine clinical trials: are parents willing?
This study examined factors influencing parental willingness to consent to their adolescents' participation in HPV vaccine clinical trials and tested for possible racial differences. The authors assert that educating parents about the advantages of HPV vaccines for younger adolescents using low-literacy educational materials and building trust between parents and researchers may increase parental willingness to consent to adolescent participation in HPV vaccine clinical trials.
AHRQ-funded; HS022990.
Citation: Erves JC, Mayo-Gamble TL, Hull PC .
Adolescent participation in HPV vaccine clinical trials: are parents willing?
J Community Health 2017 Oct;42(5):894-901. doi: 10.1007/s10900-017-0331-x..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Research Methodologies, Vaccination
Guise JM, Chang C, Butler M
AHRQ Author: Chang C
AHRQ series on complex intervention systematic reviews-paper 1: an introduction to a series of articles that provide guidance and tools for reviews of complex interventions.
The seven articles in this series reflect and distill the discussions from the in-person meeting and follow-up workgroups on tools and approaches to systematic reviews of complex interventions. The first three articles address how systematic reviews for complex interventions are conceptualized and operationalized for the protocol. The next two articles discuss how to choose appropriate analytic methods to implement analyses of complex interventions. The final two articles describe proposed reporting elements for systematic reviews of complex interventions.
AHRQ-authored; AHRQ-funded; 290201200004C; 290201200016I; 290201500011I.
Citation: Guise JM, Chang C, Butler M .
AHRQ series on complex intervention systematic reviews-paper 1: an introduction to a series of articles that provide guidance and tools for reviews of complex interventions.
J Clin Epidemiol 2017 Oct;90:6-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.06.011.
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Keywords: Data, Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines, Research Methodologies
Kelly MP, Noyes J, Kane RL
AHRQ Author: Chang C
AHRQ series on complex intervention systematic reviews-paper 2: defining complexity, formulating scope, and questions.
This paper builds on concepts introduced in paper 1 of this series. It describes the methodological, practical, and philosophical challenges and potential approaches for formulating the questions and scope of systematic reviews of complex interventions. Furthermore, it discusses the use of theory to help organize reviews of complex interventions.
AHRQ-authored; AHRQ-funded; 290-2012-00004-C; 290-2015-00008I; 290-2015-00011I.
Citation: Kelly MP, Noyes J, Kane RL .
AHRQ series on complex intervention systematic reviews-paper 2: defining complexity, formulating scope, and questions.
J Clin Epidemiol 2017 Oct;90:11-18. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.06.012.
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Keywords: Data, Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines, Research Methodologies
Butler M, Epstein RA, Totten A
AHRQ series on complex intervention systematic reviews-paper 3: adapting frameworks to develop protocols.
This article identifies and describes elements of frameworks and how they can be adapted to inform the protocol and conduct of systematic reviews of complex interventions. Possible approaches to analytic frameworks for complex interventions that illustrate causal and associative linkages are outlined, including time elements, which systematic reviews of complex interventions may need to address.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200004C; 290201500008I; 290201500005I; 290201500006I; 290201500010I.
Citation: Butler M, Epstein RA, Totten A .
AHRQ series on complex intervention systematic reviews-paper 3: adapting frameworks to develop protocols.
J Clin Epidemiol 2017 Oct;90:19-27. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.06.013.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Research Methodologies