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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 14 of 14 Research Studies DisplayedGonzalez CM, Walker SA, Rodriguez N
It can be done! A skills-based elective in implicit bias recognition and management for preclinical medical students.
This paper describes a skill-based elective designed to recognize and manage implicit bias for preclinical medical students. From 2017 to 2019, nine 1.5-hour sessions were delivered to 15 first-year medical students. A program evaluation based on focus groups with students and data from notes taken by the investigative team was conducted. Three themes were identified from the program evaluation: 1) Student engagement can be enhanced, 2) Instruction is empowering, and 3) Addressing bias in one’s own and witnessed encounters can be done.
AHRQ-funded; HS023199.
Citation: Gonzalez CM, Walker SA, Rodriguez N .
It can be done! A skills-based elective in implicit bias recognition and management for preclinical medical students.
Acad Med 2020 Dec;95(12S):S150-s55. doi: 10.1097/acm.0000000000003697..
Keywords: Education: Continuing Medical Education, Education: Academic
Brady AK, Brown W, Denson JL
Variation in intensive care unit intubation practices in pulmonary critical care medicine fellowship.
This study looked at outcomes of participation of fellows for Pulmonary and Critical Medicine (PCCM) training in endotracheal intubation in the medical intensive care unit (ICU). The authors administered a survey to a convenience sample of US PCCM fellows. A total of 89 discrete US PCCM and Internal Medicine CCM training programs were represented. Almost half (43%) of PCCM fellows were “always or almost always” designed the primary operator for intubation, whereas 21% of programs had the PCCM fellow “rarely or never” the primary operator responsible for intubating in the ICU. Various influencing factors included time of day, hospital policies, attending skill or preference, ICU census and acuity, and patient factors. There was an association between location of the training program but not program size whether the PCCM fellow was the primary operator.
AHRQ-funded; HS026122.
Citation: Brady AK, Brown W, Denson JL .
Variation in intensive care unit intubation practices in pulmonary critical care medicine fellowship.
ATS Sch 2020 Dec;1(4):395-405. doi: 10.34197/ats-scholar.2020-0004OC..
Keywords: Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Respiratory Conditions, Training, Education: Academic, Critical Care
Ajayi TB, Remein CD, Stafford RS
Cross-center virtual education fellowship program for early-career researchers in atrial fibrillation.
This paper discusses the results of the establishment of the atrial fibrillation (AF) Strategically Focused Research Network Cross-Center Fellowship Program to enhance the competencies of early-stage AF basic, clinical, and population health researchers through experiential education and mentorship. The effectiveness of the fellowship model was evaluated via mixed methods formative and summative surveys for the first 2 years. Productivity metrics were as high for the 12 fellows as they hoped with 50 AF-related manuscripts, 7 publications, 28 presentations, and 3 grant awards applications. The fellows reported medium to high satisfaction with the overall fellowship, webinar content and facilitation, staff communication and support, and program organization.
AHRQ-funded; HS026198.
Citation: Ajayi TB, Remein CD, Stafford RS .
Cross-center virtual education fellowship program for early-career researchers in atrial fibrillation.
Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2020 Nov;13(11):e008552. doi: 10.1161/circep.120.008552..
Keywords: Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Education: Curriculum, Education: Academic
Bettencourt AP, Vance AJ, Jun J
Maximizing the academic nursing model in the era of COVID-19 and beyond.
This opinion paper revisits the 2016 American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) position statement on academic nursing. In the age of COVID-19, the statement is reimagined as a means to maximize nursing’s contributions to this global health crises. The 2016 position statement discussed the potentials for nursing schools to work within healthcare systems beyond clinic training. Most academic nurses do not also provide clinical care which is limited by structural barriers that inhibit academic nursing transformation. Many academic nurses who also have a clinical practice have had to do so on their own time. This new vision would capitalize on nursing’s strength in population health. The authors urge nursing schools to transform their model of academic nursing.
AHRQ-funded; HS024552.
Citation: Bettencourt AP, Vance AJ, Jun J .
Maximizing the academic nursing model in the era of COVID-19 and beyond.
Nurs Outlook 2020 Sep-Oct;68(5):542-44. doi: 10.1016/j.outlook.2020.04.013..
Keywords: COVID-19, Nursing, Provider: Nurse, Public Health, Education: Academic
Kraut AS, Sheehy L, Schnapp BH
Effect of resident physicians in a supervisory role on efficiency in the emergency department.
The authors sought to examine the impact of a staffing model involving a supervisory resident "pre-attending" (PAT) on emergency department (ED) throughput and length of stay (LOS). Over 26,000 unique patient encounters at a university-affiliated community ED were retrospectively analyzed. They found that the presence of a PAT is associated with a statistically significant increase in service time of five minutes, but this magnitude is likely operationally insignificant. They concluded that the negligible increase in service time is offset by the benefit to residents' training.
AHRQ-funded; HS024558.
Citation: Kraut AS, Sheehy L, Schnapp BH .
Effect of resident physicians in a supervisory role on efficiency in the emergency department.
West J Emerg Med 2020 Aug 24;21(5):1266-69. doi: 10.5811/westjem.2020.7.46587..
Keywords: Emergency Department, Education: Academic, Training
Toledo P, Lewis CR, Lange EMS
Women and underrepresented minorities in academic anesthesiology.
The demographics of the United States is changing with 51% of the population being female, and 32% of the population identifying as an underrepresented minority (URM, ie, African American/black, Hispanic/Latino, American Indian/Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander). This article provides an overview of the current status of women and URM faculty in academic anesthesiology and provides a framework for academic advancement.
AHRQ-funded; HS025267; HS026169.
Citation: Toledo P, Lewis CR, Lange EMS .
Women and underrepresented minorities in academic anesthesiology.
Anesthesiol Clin 2020 Jun;38(2):449-57. doi: 10.1016/j.anclin.2020.01.004..
Keywords: Provider: Physician, Provider, Workforce, Women, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Education: Academic
Massarweh NN, LeMaire SA, Merkow RP
Preserving an academic mission in the face of clinical productivity targets: where is the academic surgeon's carrot?
This article discusses the emphasis on financial productivity at academic institutions and how it does and will impact the educational and research missions of academic departments and their faculty. Discussions include potential consequences and potential solutions, concluding that academic surgery departments, hospitals, and health systems should work collaboratively toward the common goal of supporting a unified mission of innovation, creativity, and clinical excellence.
AHRQ-funded; HS023011.
Citation: Massarweh NN, LeMaire SA, Merkow RP .
Preserving an academic mission in the face of clinical productivity targets: where is the academic surgeon's carrot?
Ann Surg 2020 Feb;271(2):223-24. doi: 10.1097/sla.0000000000003380..
Keywords: Education: Academic, Health Services Research (HSR)
McDaniel CE, Rooholamini SN, Desai AD
A qualitative evaluation of a clinical faculty mentorship program using a realist evaluation approach.
The objectives of this study were to test and refine a program theory for an institutional mentorship program for junior clinically-focused faculty and to understand the facilitators and barriers of sustained participation. The authors identified 4 contextual themes, 3 mechanisms, and 3 outcomes, which they organized into a programmatic theory representing the program's impact on participants. They found that a mentorship program that provided junior faculty with opportunities to connect, share ideas and strategies, and self-reflect led to improvement in meaningful outcomes for clinically focused faculty. They concluded that their program theory provided a basis for institutions seeking to build a mentorship program targeted towards this increasing proportion of junior faculty.
AHRQ-funded; HS024299.
Citation: McDaniel CE, Rooholamini SN, Desai AD .
A qualitative evaluation of a clinical faculty mentorship program using a realist evaluation approach.
Acad Pediatr 2020 Jan-Feb;20(1):104-12. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2019.08.008..
Keywords: Education: Continuing Medical Education, Education: Academic
Wasson LT, Cusmano A, Meli L
Association between learning environment interventions and medical student well-being: a systematic review.
This review sought to identify best practices for undergraduate medical education learning environment interventions that are associated with improved emotional well-being of students. Limited evidence suggested that some specific learning environment interventions were associated with improved emotional well-being among medical students. However, the overall quality of the evidence was low, highlighting the need for high-quality medical education research.
AHRQ-funded; HS024598.
Citation: Wasson LT, Cusmano A, Meli L .
Association between learning environment interventions and medical student well-being: a systematic review.
JAMA 2016 Dec 6;316(21):2237-52. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.17573.
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Keywords: Education: Academic, Evidence-Based Practice, Behavioral Health
Gibbs EL, Kass AE, Eichen DM
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-specific stimulant misuse, mood, anxiety, and stress in college-age women at high risk for or with eating disorders.
The researchers examined the misuse of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-specific stimulants in a college population at high risk for or with clinical or subclinical eating disorders. They found that ADHD-specific stimulant misuse is associated with eating disorder and comorbid pathology among such individuals, recommending that screening for stimulant misuse and eating disorder pathology may improve identification of college-age women who may be engaging in maladaptive behaviors and inform prevention efforts.
AHRQ-funded; HS000078.
Citation: Gibbs EL, Kass AE, Eichen DM .
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-specific stimulant misuse, mood, anxiety, and stress in college-age women at high risk for or with eating disorders.
J Am Coll Health 2016 May-Jun;64(4):300-8. doi: 10.1080/07448481.2016.1138477.
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Keywords: Education: Academic, Behavioral Health, Medication, Substance Abuse, Young Adults
Sulzer SH, Feinstein NW, Wendland CL
Assessing empathy development in medical education: a systematic review.
The authors examined how researchers define the central construct of empathy and what they choose to measure. They found that the majority of studies were characterised by internal inconsistencies and vagueness in both the conceptualization and operationalization of empathy, constraining the validity and usefulness of the research. They suggested that future research follow the lead of basic scientific research that conceptualizes empathy as relational rather than as a personal quality that may be modified wholesale through appropriate training.
AHRQ-funded; HS000032.
Citation: Sulzer SH, Feinstein NW, Wendland CL .
Assessing empathy development in medical education: a systematic review.
Med Educ 2016 Mar;50(3):300-10. doi: 10.1111/medu.12806.
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Keywords: Education: Academic, Education: Continuing Medical Education, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Clinician-Patient Communication
Earnshaw VA, Jin H, Wickersham JA
Stigma toward men who have sex with men among future healthcare providers in Malaysia: would more interpersonal contact reduce prejudice?
This study sought to inform interventions to reduce stigma toward men who have sex with men (MSM) living in countries with strong stigma toward MSM, particularly among healthcare providers. It found that multivariate analyses of variance suggest that medical and dental students who had interpersonal contact with MSM were less prejudiced toward and had lower intentions to discriminate against MSM.
AHRQ-funded; HS022986.
Citation: Earnshaw VA, Jin H, Wickersham JA .
Stigma toward men who have sex with men among future healthcare providers in Malaysia: would more interpersonal contact reduce prejudice?
AIDS Behav 2016 Jan;20(1):98-106. doi: 10.1007/s10461-015-1168-x.
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Keywords: Education: Academic, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Provider, Clinician-Patient Communication, Social Stigma
Forehand RL, Williamson RS, Russo GS
College health as a partner in the care of pediatric cancer survivors.
The authors reviewed an initiative to educate providers on pediatric cancer survivor care and to establish a cancer survivor registry in a college health center. They concluded that, through education and optimization of health informatics, college health centers can identify and provide survivor care to this medically vulnerable population.
AHRQ-funded; HS021251.
Citation: Forehand RL, Williamson RS, Russo GS .
College health as a partner in the care of pediatric cancer survivors.
J Am Coll Health 2014;62(7):506-10. doi: 10.1080/07448481.2014.917655.
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Keywords: Cancer, Health Services Research (HSR), Young Adults, Education: Academic
Ness GL, Sheehan AH, Snyder ME
Graduating student pharmacists' perspectives on e-professionalism and social media: qualitative findings.
The researchers conducted a cross-sectional survey of 212 graduating student pharmacists to characterize their views of professionalism on popular social media sites. The themes identified in the analysis were separation of personal and professional lives, how accountability for actions should vary by severity, and the extent of representation of the students’ character on social media.
AHRQ-funded; HS022119.
Citation: Ness GL, Sheehan AH, Snyder ME .
Graduating student pharmacists' perspectives on e-professionalism and social media: qualitative findings.
J Am Pharm Assoc 2014 Mar-Apr;54(2):138-43. doi: 10.1331/JAPhA.2014.13188..
Keywords: Education: Academic, Education: Continuing Medical Education, Provider: Pharmacist, Social Media