National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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Topics
- Access to Care (2)
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- Ambulatory Care and Surgery (1)
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- Cancer: Breast Cancer (9)
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- Decision Making (4)
- Depression (4)
- Diabetes (3)
- Diagnostic Safety and Quality (8)
- Disparities (3)
- Education: Patient and Caregiver (1)
- Elderly (5)
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- Evidence-Based Practice (9)
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- (-) Screening (65)
- Sexual Health (2)
- Sickle Cell Disease (1)
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 25 of 65 Research Studies DisplayedFeltner C, Grodensky C, Ebel C
Serologic screening for genital herpes: an updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
This report assessed the evidence on serologic screening and preventive interventions for Genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in asymptomatic adults and adolescents to support the US Preventive Services Task Force for an updated recommendation statement. It found that serologic screening for genital herpes is associated with a high rate of false-positive test results and potential psychosocial harms.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200015I.
Citation: Feltner C, Grodensky C, Ebel C .
Serologic screening for genital herpes: an updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2016 Dec 20;316(23):2531-43. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.17138.
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Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Sexual Health, Screening, Evidence-Based Practice, Prevention
Gaines TL, Caldwell JT, Ford CL
Relationship between a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention expanded HIV testing initiative and past-year testing by race/ethnicity: a multilevel analysis of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) expanded testing initiative (ETI) aims to bolster HIV testing among populations disproportionately affected by the HIV epidemic by providing additional funding to health departments serving these communities. Controlling for individual- and state-level characteristics, ETI participation was independently and positively associated with past-year testing, but this association varied by race/ethnicity.
AHRQ-funded; HS022811.
Citation: Gaines TL, Caldwell JT, Ford CL .
Relationship between a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention expanded HIV testing initiative and past-year testing by race/ethnicity: a multilevel analysis of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.
AIDS Care 2016;28(5):554-60. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2015.1131968.
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Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Screening, Prevention, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Lee KC, Ngo-Metzger Q, Wolff T
AHRQ Author: Lee KC, Ngo-Metzger Q, Wolff T, Chowdhury J, Meyers DS
Sexually transmitted infections: recommendations from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.
The USPSTF recommends intensive behavioral counseling for all sexually active adolescents and for adults whose history indicates an increased risk of STIs. These interventions can reduce STI acquisition and risky sexual behaviors, and increase condom use and other protective behaviors. The USPSTF also recommends screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea in all sexually active women 24 years and younger, and in older women at increased risk.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Lee KC, Ngo-Metzger Q, Wolff T .
Sexually transmitted infections: recommendations from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.
Am Fam Physician 2016 Dec 1;94(11):907-15.
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Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Sexual Health, Guidelines, Screening
Kirby JB, Davidoff AJ, Basu J
AHRQ Author: Kirby JB, Basu J
The ACA's zero cost-sharing mandate and trends in out-of-pocket expenditures on well-child and screening mammography visits.
This study used a nationally representative sample of ambulatory care visits to estimate the impact of the zero cost-sharing mandate on out-of-pocket expenditures on well-child and screening mammography visits. It concluded that the Affordable Care Act's zero cost-sharing mandate for preventive care has had a large impact on out-of-pocket expenditures for well-child and mammography visits.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Kirby JB, Davidoff AJ, Basu J .
The ACA's zero cost-sharing mandate and trends in out-of-pocket expenditures on well-child and screening mammography visits.
Med Care 2016 Dec;54(12):1056-62. doi: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000000610.
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Keywords: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), Healthcare Costs, Screening, Women, Policy, Prevention
Martens CE, Crutchfield TM, Laping JL
Why wait until our community gets cancer?: Exploring CRC screening barriers and facilitators in the Spanish-speaking community in North Carolina.
The objectives for this paper were: (1) to improve understanding of preferences regarding potential colorectal cancer (CRC) screening program characteristics, and (2) to improve understanding of the barriers and facilitators around CRC screening with the Hispanic, immigrant community in North Carolina. They found that Hispanics may have a general awareness of and interest in CRC screening, but multiple barriers prevent them from getting screened, and recommended that special attention be given to designing culturally and linguistically appropriate programs to improve access to healthcare resources, insurance, and associated costs among Hispanics.
AHRQ-funded; HS019468.
Citation: Martens CE, Crutchfield TM, Laping JL .
Why wait until our community gets cancer?: Exploring CRC screening barriers and facilitators in the Spanish-speaking community in North Carolina.
J Cancer Educ 2016 Dec;31(4):652-59. doi: 10.1007/s13187-015-0890-4.
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Keywords: Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Cultural Competence, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Screening
Volk RJ, Linder SK, Lopez-Olivo MA
Patient decision aids for colorectal cancer screening: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
This systematic review describes studies evaluating patient decision aids for colorectal cancer screening in average-risk adults and their impact on knowledge, screening intentions, and uptake. It concluded that decision aids improve knowledge and interest in screening, and lead to increased screening over no information, but their impact on screening is similar to general colorectal cancer screening information.
AHRQ-funded; HS022134.
Citation: Volk RJ, Linder SK, Lopez-Olivo MA .
Patient decision aids for colorectal cancer screening: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Am J Prev Med 2016 Nov;51(5):779-91. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.06.022.
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Keywords: Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Decision Making, Education: Patient and Caregiver, Healthcare Utilization, Screening
Elmore JG, Cook AJ, Bogart A
Radiologists' interpretive skills in screening vs. diagnostic mammography: are they related?
This study aimed to determine whether radiologists who perform well in screening also perform well in interpreting diagnostic mammography. It evaluated the accuracy of 468 radiologists interpreting 2,234,947 screening and 196,164 diagnostic mammograms and found a moderate correlation for radiologists' accuracy when interpreting screening versus their accuracy on diagnostic examinations.
AHRQ-funded; HS010591.
Citation: Elmore JG, Cook AJ, Bogart A .
Radiologists' interpretive skills in screening vs. diagnostic mammography: are they related?
Clin Imaging 2016 Nov - Dec;40(6):1096-103. doi: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2016.06.014.
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Keywords: Cancer: Breast Cancer, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Screening, Imaging, Women, Provider Performance
Goodwin JS, Sheffield K, Li S
Receipt of cancer screening is a predictor of life expectancy.
The researchers sought to determine the association between receipt of screening mammography or PSA and overall survival. They found that the subjects with prior cancer screening had actual median survivals higher than those who were not screened, with differences ranging from 1.7 to 2.1 years for women and 0.9 to 1.1 years for men.
AHRQ-funded; HS022134.
Citation: Goodwin JS, Sheffield K, Li S .
Receipt of cancer screening is a predictor of life expectancy.
J Gen Intern Med 2016 Nov;31(11):1308-14. doi: 10.1007/s11606-016-3787-y.
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Keywords: Cancer, Cancer: Breast Cancer, Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Screening, Women, Men's Health, Health Status
Scarinci IC, Garces-Palacio IC, Morales-Aleman MM
Sowing the seeds of health: training of community health advisors to promote breast and cervical cancer screening among Latina immigrants in Alabama.
The researchers sought to develop and evaluate a culturally relevant training for Community Health Advisors (CHA) to promote breast and cervical cancer screening among Latina immigrants in Alabama. They found that a knowledge and skills training increased the CHAs' (1) knowledge of cancer screening and other health topics and (2) their perceived confidence to communicate with women in their communities about cancer screening and to motivate them to attain screenings.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Scarinci IC, Garces-Palacio IC, Morales-Aleman MM .
Sowing the seeds of health: training of community health advisors to promote breast and cervical cancer screening among Latina immigrants in Alabama.
J Health Care Poor Underserved 2016;27(4):1779-93. doi: 10.1353/hpu.2016.0162.
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Keywords: Cancer, Cancer: Breast Cancer, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Screening, Women
Chou R, Dana T, Blazina I
Screening for dyslipidemia in younger adults: a systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.
This study's purpose was to update the 2008 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force review on dyslipidemia screening in younger adults. However, no study met the inclusion criteria. As direct evidence remains unavailable, estimating the potential effects of screening for dyslipidemia in younger adults requires extrapolation from studies performed in older adults.
Citation: Chou R, Dana T, Blazina I .
Screening for dyslipidemia in younger adults: a systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.
Ann Intern Med 2016 Oct 18;165(8):560-64. doi: 10.7326/m16-0946.
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Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Screening, Young Adults, Heart Disease and Health, Prevention
Halm EA, Beaber EF, McLerran D
Association between primary care visits and colorectal cancer screening outcomes in the era of population health outreach.
The researchers assessed associations between primary care provider (PCP) visits and receipt of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening and colonoscopy after a positive fecal immunochemical (FIT) or fecal occult blood test (FOBT). They found that patients with a greater number of PCP visits had higher rates of both incident CRC screening and colonoscopy after positive FIT/FOBT, even in health systems with active population health outreach programs.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Halm EA, Beaber EF, McLerran D .
Association between primary care visits and colorectal cancer screening outcomes in the era of population health outreach.
J Gen Intern Med 2016 Oct;31(10):1190-7. doi: 10.1007/s11606-016-3760-9..
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Keywords: Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Colonoscopy, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Primary Care, Screening
Biegler K, Mollica R, Sim SE
AHRQ Author: Ngo-Metzger Q
Rationale and study protocol for a multi-component health information technology (HIT) screening tool for depression and post-traumatic stress disorder in the primary care setting.
The authors described the rationale and protocol of a clustered randomized controlled trial to test the effectiveness of a health information technology (HIT) intervention that provides a multi-component approach to delivering culturally competent mental health care in the primary care setting. They expect the outcomes to include assessing the potential of the HIT intervention to improve screening rates, clinical detection, provider initiation of treatment, and patient outcomes for depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. They suggest that this technology has the potential to be adapted in order to facilitate mental health screening and treatment in the primary care setting.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Biegler K, Mollica R, Sim SE .
Rationale and study protocol for a multi-component health information technology (HIT) screening tool for depression and post-traumatic stress disorder in the primary care setting.
Contemp Clin Trials 2016 Sep;50:66-76. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2016.07.001.
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Keywords: Health Information Technology (HIT), Behavioral Health, Depression, Screening, Primary Care
Kato E, Beswick-Escanlar V
AHRQ Author: Kato E
Screening for depression in adults.
This case study involves a 29-year-old man, who presents to your office for a routine visit. He has a history of being overweight and has hypertension that is controlled by diet and exercise. It poses three multiple choice questions about screening for depression together with the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations and related background information.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Kato E, Beswick-Escanlar V .
Screening for depression in adults.
Am Fam Physician 2016 Aug 15;94(4):305-6.
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Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Screening, Depression, Behavioral Health, Case Study
Lozano P, Henrikson NB, Dunn J
Lipid Screening in childhood and adolescence for detection of familial hypercholesterolemia: evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
The researchers systematically reviewed the evidence on benefits and harms of screening adolescents and children for heterozygous Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) for the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). They found no evidence for the effect of screening for FH in childhood on lipid concentrations or cardiovascular outcomes in adulthood, or on the long-term benefits or harms of beginning lipid-lowering treatment in childhood.
AHRQ-funded.
Citation: Lozano P, Henrikson NB, Dunn J .
Lipid Screening in childhood and adolescence for detection of familial hypercholesterolemia: evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2016 Aug 9;316(6):645-55. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.6176.
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Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Heart Disease and Health, Children/Adolescents, Screening, Evidence-Based Practice
Lozano P, Henrikson NB, Morrison CC
Lipid screening in childhood and adolescence for detection of multifactorial dyslipidemia: evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
The researchers systematically reviewed the evidence on benefits and harms of screening adolescents and children for multifactorial dyslipidemia for the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). They concluded that diagnostic yield of lipid screening varies by age and body mass index. No direct evidence was identified for benefits or harms of childhood screening or treatment on outcomes in adulthood. Intensive dietary interventions may be safe, with modest short-term benefit of uncertain clinical significance.
AHRQ-funded.
Citation: Lozano P, Henrikson NB, Morrison CC .
Lipid screening in childhood and adolescence for detection of multifactorial dyslipidemia: evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2016 Aug 9;316(6):634-44. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.6423.
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Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Heart Disease and Health, Children/Adolescents, Screening, Evidence-Based Practice
Hinton CF, Homer CJ, Thompson AA
AHRQ Author: Dougherty D
A framework for assessing outcomes from newborn screening: on the road to measuring its promise.
The researchers proposed a framework for assessing outcomes for the health and well-being of children identified through newborn screening programs. As an example, they applied the framework to sickle cell disease and phenylketonuria, two diverse conditions with different outcome measures and potential sources of data. They concluded that their paper presented a customizable outcomes framework for organizing measures for newborn screening condition-specific health outcomes, and an approach to identifying sources and challenges to populating those measures.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Hinton CF, Homer CJ, Thompson AA .
A framework for assessing outcomes from newborn screening: on the road to measuring its promise.
Mol Genet Metab 2016 Aug;118(4):221-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.05.017.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Health Status, Newborns/Infants, Screening, Sickle Cell Disease
Wernli KJ, Henrikson NB, Morrison CC
Screening for skin cancer in adults: Updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
The researchers updated a systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force regarding clinical skin cancer screening among adults. No randomized clinical trials were identified. There was limited evidence on the association between skin cancer screening and mortality. Future research on skin cancer screening should focus on evaluating the effectiveness of targeted screening in those considered to be at higher risk for skin cancer.
AHRQ-funded.
Citation: Wernli KJ, Henrikson NB, Morrison CC .
Screening for skin cancer in adults: Updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2016 Jul 26;316(4):436-47. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.5415.
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Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Cancer, Screening, Prevention, Evidence-Based Practice
Croswell J, Owings J
Screening for breast cancer.
This case study involves a 47-year-old woman who presents to your office for a well-woman visit. She is healthy, takes no medications, and has no health concerns. She has never been diagnosed with breast cancer, nor have any of her first-degree relatives. Her digital mammography two years ago was negative, and she asks whether she should be screened again this year. The study poses three multiple choice questions together with the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations and related background information.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Croswell J, Owings J .
Screening for breast cancer.
Am Fam Physician 2016 Jul 15;94(2):143-4.
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Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Cancer: Breast Cancer, Cancer, Screening, Prevention, Evidence-Based Practice, Women, Imaging, Case Study
Clark BJ, Rubinsky AD, Ho PM
Alcohol screening scores and the risk of intensive care unit admission and hospital readmission.
This study sought to determine whether alcohol misuse was associated with admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) among patients receiving outpatient care. Among 486,115 veterans receiving outpatient care, the adjusted probability of ICU admission within 1 year was 2.0 percent for abstinent patients, 1.6 percent for patients with lower-risk alcohol use, 1.8 percent for patients with moderate alcohol misuse, and 2.5 percent for patients with severe alcohol misuse.
AHRQ-funded; HS022800.
Citation: Clark BJ, Rubinsky AD, Ho PM .
Alcohol screening scores and the risk of intensive care unit admission and hospital readmission.
Subst Abus 2016 Jul-Sep;37(3):466-73. doi: 10.1080/08897077.2015.1137259.
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Keywords: Alcohol Use, Hospital Readmissions, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Ambulatory Care and Surgery, Screening, Substance Abuse
Liss DT, Brown T, Lee JY
Diagnostic colonoscopy following a positive fecal occult blood test in community health center patients.
Fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) is a pragmatic screening option for many community health centers (CHCs), but FOBT screening programs will not reduce mortality if patients with positive results do not undergo diagnostic colonoscopy (DC). This study was conducted to investigate DC completion among CHC patients. It found that DC completion was low overall, which raises concerns about whether FOBT can reduce CRC mortality in practice.
AHRQ-funded; HS021141.
Citation: Liss DT, Brown T, Lee JY .
Diagnostic colonoscopy following a positive fecal occult blood test in community health center patients.
Cancer Causes Control 2016 Jul;27(7):881-7. doi: 10.1007/s10552-016-0763-0.
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Keywords: Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Colonoscopy, Community-Based Practice, Screening
Roth JA, Gulati R, Gore JL
Economic analysis of prostate-specific antigen screening and selective treatment strategies.
The researchers evaluated the potential cost-effectiveness of plausible prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening strategies and assessed the value added by increased use of conservative management among low-risk, screen-detected cases. They found that, with contemporary treatment, only strategies with biopsy referral for PSA levels higher than 10.0 ng/mL or age-dependent thresholds were associated with increased quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and only quadrennial screening of patients aged 55 to 69 years was potentially cost-effective in terms of cost per QALY. They concluded that, for PSA screening to be cost-effective, it needs to be used conservatively and ideally in combination with a conservative management approach for low-risk disease.
AHRQ-funded; HS022982.
Citation: Roth JA, Gulati R, Gore JL .
Economic analysis of prostate-specific antigen screening and selective treatment strategies.
JAMA Oncol 2016 Jul;2(7):890-8. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2015.6275.
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Keywords: Healthcare Costs, Prevention, Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Quality of Life, Screening
Morrato EH, Brewer SE, Campagna EJ
Glucose testing for adults receiving Medicaid and antipsychotics: a population-based prescriber survey on behaviors, attitudes, and barriers.
The authors aimed to assess provider attitudes about glucose testing for adults prescribed second-generation antipsychotic medication. They concluded that establishing organizational priority across all treatment settings is important for achieving population-based diabetes screening goals for all Medicaid patients receiving antipsychotics.
AHRQ-funded; HS019464.
Citation: Morrato EH, Brewer SE, Campagna EJ .
Glucose testing for adults receiving Medicaid and antipsychotics: a population-based prescriber survey on behaviors, attitudes, and barriers.
Psychiatr Serv 2016 Jul 1;67(7):798-802. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201500181.
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Keywords: Diabetes, Medication, Behavioral Health, Practice Patterns, Screening
Gavinski K, Carnahan R, Weckmann M
Validation of the delirium observation screening scale in a hospitalized older population.
The authors studied the accuracy of the Delirium Observation Screening Scale (DOS) as a screening tool in hospitalized patients over age 64. They also investigated the user-friendliness of the tool. They determined that DOS is an accurate and easy way to screen for delirium in older inpatients.
AHRQ-funded; HS022666.
Citation: Gavinski K, Carnahan R, Weckmann M .
Validation of the delirium observation screening scale in a hospitalized older population.
J Hosp Med 2016 Jul;11(7):494-7. doi: 10.1002/jhm.2580.
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Keywords: Elderly, Hospitalization, Neurological Disorders, Screening
Ngo-Metzger Q, Owings J
AHRQ Author: Ngo-Metzger Q
Screening for abnormal blood glucose and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
This case study involves a 43-year-old woman with a seven pack-year smoking history. She has no health concerns and has not visited a physician in four years. Her blood pressure and pulse are normal, and her body mass index (BMI) is 27 kg per m2. She does not have a family history of diabetes mellitus. The case study poses three multiple choice questions together with the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations and related background information.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Ngo-Metzger Q, Owings J .
Screening for abnormal blood glucose and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Am Fam Physician 2016 Jun 15;93(12):1025-6.
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Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Diabetes, Screening, Tobacco Use, Guidelines
Lewandowski RE, O'Connor B, Bertagnolli A
Screening for and diagnosis of depression among adolescents in a large health maintenance organization.
The researchers determined changes in patterns of depression screening and diagnosis over three years in primary and specialty mental health care in a large HMO. They found that the rate of depression screening in primary care increased over the study period, corresponding to an increase in the number of depression diagnoses made in primary care and a shift in the location in which depression diagnoses were made, from the mental health department to primary care.
AHRQ-funded; HS020503.
Citation: Lewandowski RE, O'Connor B, Bertagnolli A .
Screening for and diagnosis of depression among adolescents in a large health maintenance organization.
Psychiatr Serv 2016 Jun;67(6):636-41. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201400465.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Depression, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Behavioral Health, Screening