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Search All Research Studies
AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Care Management (2)
- Chronic Conditions (2)
- Decision Making (1)
- Elderly (1)
- Emergency Medical Services (EMS) (1)
- Evidence-Based Practice (1)
- Guidelines (2)
- Healthcare Utilization (2)
- Injuries and Wounds (1)
- Long-Term Care (1)
- Medication (10)
- Nursing Homes (1)
- Obesity (1)
- (-) Opioids (11)
- Orthopedics (1)
- Outcomes (1)
- (-) Pain (11)
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (2)
- Practice Patterns (2)
- Primary Care (1)
- Sickle Cell Disease (1)
- Substance Abuse (3)
- Surgery (6)
- Transitions of Care (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 11 of 11 Research Studies DisplayedMilitello LG, Anders S, Downs SM
Understanding how primary care clinicians make sense of chronic pain.
This research explored how primary care clinicians manage their patients with chronic noncancer pain. They conducted Critical Decision Method interviews with 10 clinicians about 30 individual patients. Findings suggested that clinicians should focus on supporting sensemaking in the content of clinical evidence rather than trying to provide them with rules.
AHRQ-funded; HS023306.
Citation: Militello LG, Anders S, Downs SM .
Understanding how primary care clinicians make sense of chronic pain.
Cogn Technol Work 2018 Nov;20(4):575-84. doi: 10.1007/s10111-018-0491-1..
Keywords: Pain, Chronic Conditions, Opioids, Medication, Decision Making, Primary Care, Care Management
Hilliard PE, Waljee J, Moser S
Prevalence of preoperative opioid use and characteristics associated with opioid use among patients presenting for surgery.
Researchers assessed the prevalence of preoperative opioid use and the characteristics of patients in a broadly representative surgical cohort. They found that patients undergoing lower extremity procedures were most likely to report preoperative opioid use, with 1 in 4 of all patients presenting for surgery reporting such use. They concluded that the data provided important insights into this population and would appear to help guide future preoperative optimization and perioperative opioid-weaning interventions.
AHRQ-funded; HS023313.
Citation: Hilliard PE, Waljee J, Moser S .
Prevalence of preoperative opioid use and characteristics associated with opioid use among patients presenting for surgery.
JAMA Surg 2018 Oct;153(10):929-37. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2018.2102..
Keywords: Opioids, Surgery, Pain, Medication, Healthcare Utilization, Orthopedics
Klueh MP, Hu HM, Howard RA
Transitions of care for postoperative opioid prescribing in previously opioid-naive patients in the USA: a retrospective review.
The purpose of this study was to identify specialties prescribing opioids to surgical patients who develop new persistent opioid use. Results showed that, among surgical patients who developed new persistent opioid use, surgeons provided the majority of opioid prescriptions during the first 3 months after surgery, but by 9 to 12 months after surgery, the majority of opioid prescriptions were provided by primary care physicians. Recommendations included enhanced care coordination between surgeons and primary care physicians to allow earlier identification of patients at risk for new persistent opioid use in order to prevent misuse and dependence.
AHRQ-funded; HS023313.
Citation: Klueh MP, Hu HM, Howard RA .
Transitions of care for postoperative opioid prescribing in previously opioid-naive patients in the USA: a retrospective review.
J Gen Intern Med 2018 Oct;33(10):1685-91. doi: 10.1007/s11606-018-4463-1..
Keywords: Transitions of Care, Opioids, Substance Abuse, Surgery, Pain, Medication, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Sekhri S, Arora NS, Cottrell H
Probability of opioid prescription refilling after surgery: does initial prescription dose matter?
In this study, the investigators sought to determine the correlation between the probability of postoperative opioid prescription refills and the amount of opioid prescribed, hypothesizing that a greater initial prescription yields a lower probability of refill. The investigators concluded that the probability of refilling prescription opioids after surgery was not correlated with initial prescription strength, suggesting surgeons could prescribe smaller prescriptions without influencing refill requests.
AHRQ-funded; HS023313.
Citation: Sekhri S, Arora NS, Cottrell H .
Probability of opioid prescription refilling after surgery: does initial prescription dose matter?
Ann Surg 2018 Aug;268(2):271-76. doi: 10.1097/sla.0000000000002308..
Keywords: Medication, Opioids, Pain, Practice Patterns, Substance Abuse, Surgery
Desai K, Carroll I, Asch SM
Utilization and effectiveness of multimodal discharge analgesia for postoperative pain management.
In this study, the investigators sought to assess the association between discharge multimodal analgesia and postoperative pain outcomes in two diverse health care settings. They evaluated patients undergoing four common surgeries associated with high pain in electronic health records from an academic hospital (AH) and Veterans Health Administration (VHA). The investigators found that a majority of surgical patients received a multimodal pain approach at discharge yet many received only opioids. Multimodal regimen at discharge was associated with better follow-up pain and all-cause readmissions compared to the opioid-only regimen.
AHRQ-funded; HS024096.
Citation: Desai K, Carroll I, Asch SM .
Utilization and effectiveness of multimodal discharge analgesia for postoperative pain management.
J Surg Res 2018 Aug;228:160-69. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.03.029..
Keywords: Care Management, Medication, Opioids, Pain, Surgery
Zullo AR, Zhang T, Beudoin FL
Pain treatments after hip fracture among older nursing home residents.
In this retrospective cohort study the investigators examined the association between use of opioids versus other analgesics with death and functioning after hip fracture in older nursing home (NH) residents. The investigators concluded that a rigorous study addressing the limitations of their study is critical to validate their preliminary findings and provide evidence about the effect of using opioid versus nonopioid analgesics to optimize acute pain in NH residents with a hip fracture.
AHRQ-funded; HS022998.
Citation: Zullo AR, Zhang T, Beudoin FL .
Pain treatments after hip fracture among older nursing home residents.
J Am Med Dir Assoc 2018 Feb;19(2):174-76. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2017.11.008..
Keywords: Opioids, Pain, Nursing Homes, Long-Term Care, Elderly, Medication, Injuries and Wounds, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Healthcare Utilization
Tanabe P, Silva S, Bosworth HB
A randomized controlled trial comparing two vaso-occlusive episode (VOE) protocols in sickle cell disease (SCD).
Limited evidence guides opioid dosing strategies for acute Sickle Cell (SCD) pain. In this randomized control study, the investigators compared two National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHBLI) recommended opioid dosing strategies (weight-based vs. patient-specific) for emergency department (ED) treatment of acute vaso-occlusive episodes (VOE).
AHRQ-funded; HS019646.
Citation: Tanabe P, Silva S, Bosworth HB .
A randomized controlled trial comparing two vaso-occlusive episode (VOE) protocols in sickle cell disease (SCD).
Am J Hematol 2018 Feb;93(2):159-68. doi: 10.1002/ajh.24948..
Keywords: Medication, Opioids, Pain, Sickle Cell Disease
Raebel MA, Newcomer SR, Bayliss EA
Chronic opioid use emerging after bariatric surgery.
The purpose of this study was to determine opioid use the year after bariatric surgery among patients who did not use opioids chronically pre-surgery and to identify pre-surgery characteristics associated with chronic opioid use after surgery. It found that patients dispensed 60 to 119 days’ supply during the pre-surgery year were 13.23 to 14.29 times more likely to use opioids chronically post-surgery than patients without opioid use pre-surgery.
AHRQ-funded; HS019912.
Citation: Raebel MA, Newcomer SR, Bayliss EA .
Chronic opioid use emerging after bariatric surgery.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2014 Dec;23(12):1247-57. doi: 10.1002/pds.3625..
Keywords: Medication, Obesity, Opioids, Pain, Substance Abuse, Surgery
Kilaru AS, Gadsden SM, Perrone J
How do physicians adopt and apply opioid prescription guidelines in the emergency department? A qualitative study.
This qualitative study of emergency physicians attempted to gain insight into the adoption, use, and perceived relevance of opioid-prescribing guidelines. Most of the 61 participants interviewed in a convenience sample had a positive perspective on the intent and role of such guidelines and used them most commonly as communication tools with patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS021956.
Citation: Kilaru AS, Gadsden SM, Perrone J .
How do physicians adopt and apply opioid prescription guidelines in the emergency department? A qualitative study.
Ann Emerg Med 2014 Nov;64(5):482-89.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2014.03.015.
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Keywords: Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Opioids, Pain, Guidelines, Practice Patterns
Kim DH, Lin Y, Goytizolo EA
Adductor canal block versus femoral nerve block for total knee arthroplasty: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial.
In a study of pain relief for patients recovering from a total knee arthroplasty, researchers found that adductor canal block (ACB) results in less motor impairment for quadriceps muscles after surgery than femoral nerve block (FNB) and it provides a comparable level of pain relief. The prospective, randomized, controlled study included 46 patients receiving ACB and 47 receiving FNB.
AHRQ-funded; HS021734
Citation: Kim DH, Lin Y, Goytizolo EA .
Adductor canal block versus femoral nerve block for total knee arthroplasty: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial.
Anesthesiology. 2014 Mar;120(3):540-50. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000119..
Keywords: Medication, Opioids, Outcomes, Pain, Surgery
Nuckols TK, Anderson L, Popescu I
Opioid prescribing: a systematic review and critical appraisal of guidelines for chronic pain.
This review evaluated the quality and content of guidelines on the use of opioids for chronic pain. Despite limited evidence and variable development methods, it concluded that recent guidelines on chronic pain agree on several opioid risk mitigation strategies, including upper dosing thresholds; cautions with certain medications; attention to drug–drug and drug–disease interactions; and use of risk assessment tools, treatment agreements, and urine drug testing.
AHRQ-funded; HS017954.
Citation: Nuckols TK, Anderson L, Popescu I .
Opioid prescribing: a systematic review and critical appraisal of guidelines for chronic pain.
Ann Intern Med 2014 Jan 7;160(1):38-47. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-160-1-201401070-00732..
Keywords: Opioids, Pain, Guidelines, Medication, Evidence-Based Practice, Chronic Conditions