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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 3 of 3 Research Studies DisplayedMarcolini EG, Albrecht JS, Sethuraman KN
Gender disparities in trauma care: how sex determines treatment, behavior, and outcome.
This study used US and European trauma database statistics, including the National Trauma Databank, to examine sex disparities in trauma care. Their findings indicate that sex differences in risk-taking behaviors that lead to traumatic injury have been associated with males, with female menstrual cycle timing, and with cortisol levels. Differences in access to services at trauma centers, including triage or transfer and level of medical attention are associated with sex as well race, rural or urban location, and insurance status. Outcomes, such as in-hospital mortality, multiple organ failure, pneumonia, and sepsis are associated with sex disparities in the general trauma patient; outcomes after general trauma and specifically traumatic brain injury show mixed results.
AHRQ-funded; HS024560.
Citation: Marcolini EG, Albrecht JS, Sethuraman KN .
Gender disparities in trauma care: how sex determines treatment, behavior, and outcome.
Anesthesiol Clin 2019 Mar;37(1):107-17. doi: 10.1016/j.anclin.2018.09.007..
Keywords: Access to Care, Disparities, Injuries and Wounds, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Risk, Sex Factors, Trauma
Desir FA, Lesko CR, Moore RD
One sIZE fITS (n)one: the influence of sex, age, and sexual human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition risk on racial/ethnic disparities in the HIV care continuum in the United States.
In this study the investigators examined the impact of sex, age, and sexual HIV acquisition risk (ie, heterosexual vs same-sex contact) on the magnitude of HIV-related racial/ethnic disparities. They found that racial/ethnic differences in HIV care persist in specific populations defined by sex, age, and sexual HIV acquisition risk. They suggest that clinical and public health interventions that jointly target these demographic factors are needed.
AHRQ-funded; 90047713.
Citation: Desir FA, Lesko CR, Moore RD .
One sIZE fITS (n)one: the influence of sex, age, and sexual human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition risk on racial/ethnic disparities in the HIV care continuum in the United States.
Clin Infect Dis 2019 Feb 15;68(5):795-802. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy556..
Keywords: Disparities, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Risk
Kang M, Kempker JA
Definitions, epidemiology, clinical risk factors, and health disparities in acute respiratory distress syndrome.
This case definition introduces challenges to the reliable and accurate epidemiologic study of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Within these limitations, ARDS appears to be a condition that is relatively rare within the general population but common within the context of the intensive care unit. Furthermore, the frequency and outcomes of ARDS seem to vary between populations, with no clearly discernible temporal trends in incidence or case fatality that are uniform across studies.
AHRQ-funded; HS025240.
Citation: Kang M, Kempker JA .
Definitions, epidemiology, clinical risk factors, and health disparities in acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2019 Feb;40(1):3-11. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-1683884..
Keywords: Disparities, Respiratory Conditions, Chronic Conditions, Risk