National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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Search All Research Studies
AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Adverse Drug Events (ADE) (1)
- (-) Antibiotics (10)
- Antimicrobial Stewardship (2)
- Caregiving (1)
- Care Management (1)
- (-) Children/Adolescents (10)
- Diagnostic Safety and Quality (1)
- Emergency Department (1)
- Guidelines (1)
- Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) (2)
- Healthcare Costs (1)
- Home Healthcare (1)
- Infectious Diseases (1)
- Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (1)
- Medication (9)
- Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (1)
- Patient Safety (1)
- Practice Patterns (3)
- Primary Care (1)
- Respiratory Conditions (1)
- Skin Conditions (1)
- Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 10 of 10 Research Studies DisplayedKhamash DF, Voskertchian A, Tamma PD
Increasing clindamycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance in pediatric Staphylococcus aureus Infections.
This retrospective observational study looked at pediatric clinical cultures between 2005 and 2017 that grew Staphylococcus aureus culture and their trends in antibiotic resistance. Methicillin resistance declined but clindamycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance increased significantly.
AHRQ-funded; HS022872.
Citation: Khamash DF, Voskertchian A, Tamma PD .
Increasing clindamycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance in pediatric Staphylococcus aureus Infections.
J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2019 Sep 25;8(4):351-53. doi: 10.1093/jpids/piy062..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Antibiotics, Medication, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Infectious Diseases, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Khamash DF, Voskertchian A, Tamma PD
Increasing clindamycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance in pediatric Staphylococcus aureus Infections.
This retrospective observational study looked at pediatric clinical cultures between 2005 and 2017 that grew Staphylococcus aureus culture and their trends in antibiotic resistance. Methicillin resistance declined but clindamycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance increased significantly.
AHRQ-funded; HS022872.
Citation: Khamash DF, Voskertchian A, Tamma PD .
Increasing clindamycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance in pediatric Staphylococcus aureus Infections.
J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2019 Sep 25;8(4):351-53. doi: 10.1093/jpids/piy062..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Antibiotics, Medication
Briscoe CC, Reich P, Fritz S
Staphylococcus aureus antibiotic susceptibility patterns in pediatric atopic dermatitis.
Researchers characterized Staphylococcus aureus strains recovered from pediatric atopic dermatitis patients with clinically apparent bacterial skin infections treated in an academic medical center. They conducted a five-year retrospective study to characterize the S aureus strains; patient demographics and dilute bleach bath usage were assessed to determine whether these factors were correlated with methicillin resistance. Culture results from the cohort were compared to those from pediatric patients presenting to a children's hospital emergency department with S aureus skin abscesses. The researchers concluded that first-generation cephalosporins remains an appropriate empiric therapy for most pediatric atopic dermatitis patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS021736; HS024269.
Citation: Briscoe CC, Reich P, Fritz S .
Staphylococcus aureus antibiotic susceptibility patterns in pediatric atopic dermatitis.
Pediatr Dermatol 2019 Jul;36(4):482-85. doi: 10.1111/pde.13867..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Children/Adolescents, Medication, Skin Conditions
Advanced Analytics Group of Pediatric Urology, ORC Personalized Medicine Group
Targeted workup after initial febrile urinary tract infection: using a novel machine learning model to identify children most likely to benefit from voiding cystourethrogram.
The authors sought to develop a model to predict the probability of recurrent urinary tract infection associated vesicoureteral reflux in children after an initial urinary tract infection. Their predictive model provided a promising performance to facilitate individualized treatment of children with an initial urinary tract infection and to identify those most likely to benefit from voiding cystourethrogram after the initial urinary tract infection. They conclude that this model would allow for more selective test application and increase yield while minimizing overuse.
AHRQ-funded; HS000063.
Citation: Advanced Analytics Group of Pediatric Urology, ORC Personalized Medicine Group .
Targeted workup after initial febrile urinary tract infection: using a novel machine learning model to identify children most likely to benefit from voiding cystourethrogram.
J Urol 2019 Jul;202(1):144-52. doi: 10.1097/ju.0000000000000186..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Care Management, Children/Adolescents, Guidelines, Medication, Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Krah NM, Bardsley T, Nelson R
Economic burden of home antimicrobial therapy: OPAT versus oral therapy.
There is increasing evidence that outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) is overused for children and that outcomes with oral therapy are equivalent. The objective of this study was to compare economic burden between OPAT and oral therapy, accounting for direct and indirect costs and caregiver quality of life (QoL). The investigators concluded that the overall burden of OPAT was substantially higher than that of oral therapy, including higher direct and indirect costs and greater impact on caregiver QoL.
AHRQ-funded; HS023320.
Citation: Krah NM, Bardsley T, Nelson R .
Economic burden of home antimicrobial therapy: OPAT versus oral therapy.
Hosp Pediatr 2019 Apr;9(4):234-40. doi: 10.1542/hpeds.201-0193.
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Keywords: Healthcare Costs, Children/Adolescents, Caregiving, Home Healthcare, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Antibiotics, Medication
Sick-Samuels AC, Woods-Hill CZ, Fackler JC
Association of a blood culture utilization intervention on antibiotic use in a pediatric intensive care unit.
The goal of this study was to evaluate whether the use of antibiotics at the Johns Hopkins pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) changed in relation to a reduction in utilization of blood culture. Antibiotic usage is used as a balancing measure, because a reduction in blood cultures could lead to an increase in antibiotic treatment if clinicians continued treatment in scenarios when blood culture results were not available. The authors examined the administration of antibiotics over 12 months while a locally developed blood-culture guideline was being implemented. The distribution of antibiotics remained similar over the pre- and post-implementation periods.
AHRQ-funded; HS025642.
Citation: Sick-Samuels AC, Woods-Hill CZ, Fackler JC .
Association of a blood culture utilization intervention on antibiotic use in a pediatric intensive care unit.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2019 Apr;40(4):482-84. doi: 10.1017/ice.2019.10..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Children/Adolescents, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Medication, Practice Patterns
Morgan JR, Carey KM, Barlam TF
Inappropriate antibiotic prescribing for acute bronchitis in children and impact on subsequent episodes of care and treatment.
This study examined whether inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics to treat an initial bout of acute bronchitis in childhood can increase the likelihood of further episodes and also more antibiotic prescribing. A retrospective analysis of children with at least 1 acute bronchitis episode was conducted for the period 2008 to 2015. The cohort was children born in 2008. Results showed that children who were prescribed an antibiotic as part of their initial episode were more likely to have a subsequent acute bronchitis episode and also to be prescribed an antibiotic compared with children who were not prescribed it as part of their treatment in their first episode.
AHRQ-funded; HS022242.
Citation: Morgan JR, Carey KM, Barlam TF .
Inappropriate antibiotic prescribing for acute bronchitis in children and impact on subsequent episodes of care and treatment.
Pediatr Infect Dis J 2019 Mar;38(3):271-74. doi: 10.1097/inf.0000000000002117..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Children/Adolescents, Medication, Practice Patterns
Mistry RD, May LS, Pulia MS
Improving antimicrobial stewardship in pediatric emergency care: a pathway forward.
In this commentary, the authors discuss a study in this same issue. Recent multidisciplinary teams have used novel methods to successfully engage with and intervene in urgent care, pediatric, and general–emergency department antibiotic prescribing. Antibiotic stewardship programs are recommended, as well as emergency department experts continuing to collaborate and formulate thoughtful solutions to this important patient-safety and public-health issue.
AHRQ-funded; HS024342.
Citation: Mistry RD, May LS, Pulia MS .
Improving antimicrobial stewardship in pediatric emergency care: a pathway forward.
Pediatrics 2019 Feb;143(2). doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-2972..
Keywords: Antimicrobial Stewardship, Antibiotics, Children/Adolescents, Emergency Department, Medication, Patient Safety
Fierro JL, Prasad PA, Localio AR
Variability in the diagnosis and treatment of group a streptococcal pharyngitis by primary care pediatricians.
The researchers compared practice patterns regarding the diagnosis and management of streptococcal pharyngitis across 25 pediatric primary care practices sharing an electronic health record. They found that only 18 of 222 clinicians wrote 50 percent of all broad-spectrum antibiotic prescriptions for children with group a streptococcus pharyngitis. They suggested targeted interventions to improve adherence to prescribing guidelines.
AHRQ-funded; 290200710013
Citation: Fierro JL, Prasad PA, Localio AR .
Variability in the diagnosis and treatment of group a streptococcal pharyngitis by primary care pediatricians.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2014 Oct;35 Suppl 3:S79-85. doi: 10.1086/677820..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Children/Adolescents, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Primary Care, Practice Patterns
Downes KJ, Rao MB, Kahill L
Daily serum creatinine monitoring promotes earlier detection of acute kidney injury in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis.
The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of daily serum creatinine (SCr) measurement on amino-glycoside (AG)-associated acute kidney injury detection among patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The study included 87 patients at a children’s hospital who received a total of 227 AG courses of 3 days or more.
AHRQ-funded; HS021114
Citation: Downes KJ, Rao MB, Kahill L .
Daily serum creatinine monitoring promotes earlier detection of acute kidney injury in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis.
J Cyst Fibros. 2014 Jul;13(4):435-41. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2014.03.005..
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Antibiotics, Children/Adolescents, Medication, Respiratory Conditions