National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
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1 to 2 of 2 Research Studies DisplayedMarcaccio CL, O'Donnell TFX, Dansey KD
Disparities in reporting and representation by sex, race, and ethnicity in endovascular aortic device trials.
The purpose of this study was to examine the demographics of patients enrolled in critical U.S. endovascular aortic device trials to explore the representation of vulnerable populations, including women and racial and ethnic minorities. The primary outcomes included the percentage of trials reporting participant sex, race, and ethnicity and the percentage of participants across sex, racial, and ethnic groups. The study found that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) provided 29 approvals from 29 trials of 24 devices with a total of 4046 patients: 52% (15) were EVAR devices, 41% (12) were TEVAR devices, and 3.4% (1) was a FEVAR device, with 1 dissection stent (3.4%). Fifty-two percent of the trials reported the three most common racial groups (White, Black, Asian), and 48% reported Hispanic ethnicity. The TEVAR trials were the most likely to report all three racial groups and Hispanic ethnicity (92% and 75%, respectively), while the EVAR trials had the lowest reporting rates (13% and 20%, respectively). The median female enrollment was 21%, with the EVAR trials having the lowest female enrollment compared with 41% in the TEVAR trials, 21% in the FEVAR trial, and 34% in the dissection stent trial. The study concluded that in critical aortic device trials that led to FDA approval, female patients were underrepresented, especially for EVAR, and racial and ethnic minority groups were under-represented and underreported.
AHRQ-funded; HS027285.
Citation: Marcaccio CL, O'Donnell TFX, Dansey KD .
Disparities in reporting and representation by sex, race, and ethnicity in endovascular aortic device trials.
J Vasc Surg 2022 Nov;76(5):1244-52.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2022.05.003..
Keywords: Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Medical Devices, Sex Factors
Valbuena VSM, Barbaro RP, Claar D
Racial bias in pulse oximetry measurement among patients about to undergo extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in 2019-2020: a retrospective cohort study.
This study examined whether pulse oximeters detect arterial hypoxemia less effectively in Black, Hispanic, and/or Asian patients than in White patients in respiratory failure who are about to undergo extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Data on adult patients with respiratory failure readings 6 hours before ECMO from 324 centers from January 2019 to July 2020 who were in the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry was used. The author’s primary analysis was of rates of occult hypoxemia-low arterial oxygen saturation (Sao(2) ≤ 88%) on arterial blood gas measurement despite a pulse oximetry reading in the range of 92% to 96%. The rate of pre-ECMO occult hypoxemia was 10.2% for 186 White patients with peripheral oxygen saturation; 21.5% for 51 Black patients; 8.6% for 70 Hispanic patients; and 9.2% for 75 Asian patients. The risk of occult hypoxemia was comparable for Hispanic and Asian patients to White patients, but the prevalence of occult hypoxemia was higher in Black patients than for White patients about to undergo ECMO for respiratory failure.
AHRQ-funded; HS028038.
Citation: Valbuena VSM, Barbaro RP, Claar D .
Racial bias in pulse oximetry measurement among patients about to undergo extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in 2019-2020: a retrospective cohort study.
Chest 2022 Apr;161(4):971-78. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.09.025..
Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Medical Devices, Respiratory Conditions