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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 25 of 26 Research Studies DisplayedCohen JFW, Gorski Findling MT, Rosenfeld L
The impact of 1 year of healthier school food policies on students' diets during and outside of the school day.
In 2012, Massachusetts implemented both the updated national school meal standards and comprehensive competitive food/beverage standards that closely align with current national requirements for school snacks. This study examines the impact of these combined standards on school meal and snack food selections, as well as food choices outside of school. The investigators concluded that with the reduction in the number of unhealthy school snacks, significantly more students selected school meals. Students did not compensate for lack of unhealthy snacks in school by increased consumption of unhealthy snacks outside of school.
AHRQ-funded; HS000055.
Citation: Cohen JFW, Gorski Findling MT, Rosenfeld L .
The impact of 1 year of healthier school food policies on students' diets during and outside of the school day.
J Acad Nutr Diet 2018 Dec;118(12):2296-301. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2018.07.009..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Education, Nutrition, Policy
Burgermaster M, Murray M, Saiman L
Associations between enteral nutrition and acute respiratory infection among patients in New York metropolitan region pediatric long-term care facilities.
This study investigated the outcomes of children and a subsample of infants in pediatric long-term care facilities are need enteral nutrition (EN). Those patients who need EN had a higher risk of acute pediatric infection (ARI) and a lower odds of discharge than those who did not. Infants had a particular higher risk of comorbidities and infections when they were fed using percutaneous feeding tubes.
AHRQ-funded; HS021470.
Citation: Burgermaster M, Murray M, Saiman L .
Associations between enteral nutrition and acute respiratory infection among patients in New York metropolitan region pediatric long-term care facilities.
Nutr Clin Pract 2018 Dec;33(6):865-71. doi: 10.1002/ncp.10017..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Nutrition, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Patient Safety, Respiratory Conditions, Long-Term Care
Fiechtner L, Fonte ML, Castro I
Determinants of binge eating symptoms in children with overweight/obesity.
In this study, the investigators examined the prevalence and multilevel determinants of three binge eating symptoms: (1) sneaking, hiding, or hoarding food; (2) eating in the absence of hunger, and (3) inhibition or embarrassment when eating in front of others among 817 children aged 5-12 years old with overweight/obesity receiving primary care in eastern Massachusetts. They examined the associations of child and parent/household characteristics with the prevalence ratios (PRs) of these three binge eating symptoms.
AHRQ-funded; HS024332; HS022986.
Citation: Fiechtner L, Fonte ML, Castro I .
Determinants of binge eating symptoms in children with overweight/obesity.
Child Obes 2018 Nov/Dec;14(8):510-17. doi: 10.1089/chi.2017.0311..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Obesity: Weight Management, Obesity, Nutrition, Family Health and History, Patient-Centered Healthcare
Overstreet DS, Penn TM, Cable ST
Higher habitual dietary caffeine consumption is related to lower experimental pain sensitivity in a community-based sample.
The primary objective of this observational study was to determine whether caffeine consumed habitually as part of a daily diet was associated with experimental pain sensitivity using noxious stimuli in a non-clinical sample of 62 community-dwelling adults between 19 and 77 years old. The investigators indicated that results revealed individuals who habitually consume greater amounts of caffeine as part of their daily diets demonstrated diminished sensitivity to painful stimuli in a laboratory setting.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Overstreet DS, Penn TM, Cable ST .
Higher habitual dietary caffeine consumption is related to lower experimental pain sensitivity in a community-based sample.
Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018 Nov;235(11):3167-76. doi: 10.1007/s00213-018-5016-3..
Keywords: Nutrition, Pain
Sterling MR, Silva AF, Robbins L
Let's talk numbers: a qualitative study of community-dwelling US adults to understand the role of numeracy in the management of heart failure.
This qualitative study examined the role of numeracy (basic number skills) in the management of patients with heart failure (HF). Thirty men and women aged 47-89 years with a history of HF were recruited from an urban academic primary care practice. Participants all had a history of HF within the past year, were seen at the practice within the last year, and had been hospitalized for HF within the last 6 months. They were interviewed about their numeracy to help manage monitoring weight, maintaining a low-salt diet, and monitoring blood pressure. A wide range of knowledge and understanding was found and fear served as a barrier and facilitator to carrying out HF self-care tasks involving numbers. If the patient has a caregiver who also lacks those skills or does not have HF care training, patients may not be managing their HF as well as they should.
AHRQ-funded; HS000066.
Citation: Sterling MR, Silva AF, Robbins L .
Let's talk numbers: a qualitative study of community-dwelling US adults to understand the role of numeracy in the management of heart failure.
BMJ Open 2018 Sep 19;8(9):e023073. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023073..
Keywords: Patient Self-Management, Education: Patient and Caregiver, Care Management, Heart Disease and Health, Nutrition, Lifestyle Changes, Obesity: Weight Management, Obesity, Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Conditions
Pellegrini CA, Ledford G, Chang RW
Understanding barriers and facilitators to healthy eating and physical activity from patients either before and after knee arthroplasty.
The researchers sought to identify patient-reported barriers and facilitators to healthy eating and physical activity among patients before or after knee arthroplasty. They found that identifying specific eating and activity barriers and facilitators provides critical insight from the patient perspective, which will aid in developing weight management programs during rehabilitation for knee arthroplasty patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS023011.
Citation: Pellegrini CA, Ledford G, Chang RW .
Understanding barriers and facilitators to healthy eating and physical activity from patients either before and after knee arthroplasty.
Disabil Rehabil 2018 Aug;40(17):2004-10. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2017.1323026.
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Keywords: Nutrition, Obesity, Orthopedics, Surgery
Gorski Findling MT, Wolfson JA, Rimm EB
Differences in the neighborhood retail food environment and obesity among US children and adolescents by SNAP participation.
The authors sought to understand the association between children's neighborhood food access and overweight/obesity in a national sample of US households, and whether this association differs by Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation or household purchases. Using data from the National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey, 2012-2013, they found that the odds of childhood overweight/obesity were higher with greater access to combination grocery/other stores overall and for children in SNAP. Eligible non-SNAP children had higher odds of overweight/obesity with greater access to convenience stores. The average child lived in a household with 6.3% of total spending at food outlets on sugary beverages. They concluded that greater neighborhood access to combination grocery/other stores is associated with higher obesity prevalence for children overall and those in SNAP.
AHRQ-funded; HS000055.
Citation: Gorski Findling MT, Wolfson JA, Rimm EB .
Differences in the neighborhood retail food environment and obesity among US children and adolescents by SNAP participation.
Obesity 2018 Jun;26(6):1063-71. doi: 10.1002/oby.22184.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Low-Income, Nutrition, Obesity, Social Determinants of Health
Cheng TL, Mistry KB, Wang G
AHRQ Author: Mistry KB
Folate nutrition status in mothers of the Boston birth cohort, sample of a US urban low-income population.
Researchers examined maternal folic acid supplementation and plasma folate concentrations in the Boston Birth Cohort, a predominantly urban, low-income, minority population. Their findings indicated that fewer than 5 percent of mothers in the Boston Birth Cohort started folic acid supplements before pregnancy, and approximately one third of mothers had either too low or too high plasma folate levels.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Cheng TL, Mistry KB, Wang G .
Folate nutrition status in mothers of the Boston birth cohort, sample of a US urban low-income population.
Am J Public Health 2018 Jun;108(6):799-807. doi: 10.2105/ajph.2018.304355.
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Keywords: Nutrition, Maternal Care, Low-Income, Urban Health, Rural/Inner-City Residents
Co MC, Bakken S
Influence of the local food environment on hispanics' perceptions of healthy food access in New York City.
This study aimed to characterize the local food environment in New York City's Washington Heights and Inwood community and to examine its influence on Hispanics' perceptions of healthy food access. Among other results, the investigators found that fruit/vegetable markets significantly increased participants' odds of perceiving the availability of a large selection as well as the high quality of fresh fruits and vegetables in their neighborhood.
AHRQ-funded; HS019853; HS022961.
Citation: Co MC, Bakken S .
Influence of the local food environment on hispanics' perceptions of healthy food access in New York City.
Hisp Health Care Int 2018 Jun;16(2):76-84. doi: 10.1177/1540415318788068..
Keywords: Nutrition, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Urban Health
Rizvi RF, Adam TJ, Lindemann EA
Comparing existing resources to represent dietary supplements.
Dietary supplements (DS) are widely consumed despite limited knowledge around their safety/efficacy and any well-established regulatory policies. In this pilot study, five DS resources were evaluated and compared both quantitatively and qualitatively. The authors found fragmented and inconsistent distribution of DS representation in terms of essential data elements across five resources.
AHRQ-funded; HS022085.
Citation: Rizvi RF, Adam TJ, Lindemann EA .
Comparing existing resources to represent dietary supplements.
AMIA Jt Summits Transl Sci Proc 2018 May 18;2017:207-16..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Nutrition, Patient Safety
Greenhawt M
Environmental exposure to peanut and the risk of an allergic reaction.
The purpose of this review is to detail the medical evidence surrounding such potential risk of reaction to peanut in public venues, focusing on educational settings and commercial aircraft. It also reviews the medical evidence and best-practices regarding potential risk mitigating strategies.
AHRQ-funded; HS024599.
Citation: Greenhawt M .
Environmental exposure to peanut and the risk of an allergic reaction.
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018 May;120(5):476-81.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.03.011.
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Keywords: Evidence-Based Practice, Nutrition, Prevention, Risk
Lieberman JA, Greenhawt M, Nowak-Wegrzyn A
The environment and food allergy.
The authors argue that, with the recent global increase in non-communicable inflammatory conditions, including atopic disorders and food allergy specifically, identification of the environmental modifiers of the genetic susceptibility and deciphering their mechanism of action are of utmost importance. This knowledge will enable mitigation of the impact of lifestyle and dietary changes, pollution, and global warming on the expression of genetic susceptibility to atopic disorders.
AHRQ-funded; HS024599.
Citation: Lieberman JA, Greenhawt M, Nowak-Wegrzyn A .
The environment and food allergy.
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018 May;120(5):455-57. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.01.010.
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Keywords: Evidence-Based Practice, Lifestyle Changes, Nutrition
Fiechtner L, Perkins M, Biggs V
Rationale and design of the Clinic and Community Approaches to Healthy Weight Randomized Trial.
Recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of family-centered, pediatric weight management programs in reducing childhood obesity. Yet, programs to optimize the care of low-income children with obesity are needed. The investigators sought to examine the comparative effectiveness of two, potentially scalable pediatric weight management programs delivered to low-income children in a clinical or community setting.
AHRQ-funded; HS024332; HS022986.
Citation: Fiechtner L, Perkins M, Biggs V .
Rationale and design of the Clinic and Community Approaches to Healthy Weight Randomized Trial.
Contemp Clin Trials 2018 Apr;67:16-22. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2018.01.002..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Obesity: Weight Management, Obesity, Low-Income, Vulnerable Populations, Nutrition, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Family Health and History, Evidence-Based Practice, Comparative Effectiveness
Jahn JL, Cohen JFW, Gorski-Findling MT
Product reformulation and nutritional improvements after new competitive food standards in schools.
In 2012, Massachusetts enacted school competitive food and beverage standards similar to national Smart Snacks. These standards aim to improve the nutritional quality of competitive snacks. This study assessed whether products were reformulated after standards were implemented; the availability of reformulated products outside schools; and whether compliance with the standards improved the nutrient composition of competitive snacks. The investigators concluded that Massachusetts' law was effective in improving the nutritional content of snacks and product reformulation helped schools adhere to the law.
AHRQ-funded; HS000055.
Citation: Jahn JL, Cohen JFW, Gorski-Findling MT .
Product reformulation and nutritional improvements after new competitive food standards in schools.
Public Health Nutr 2018 Apr;21(5):1011-18. doi: 10.1017/s1368980017003445..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Nutrition, Policy
Buys DR, Kennedy RE, Williams CP
Social and demographic predictors of nutritional risk: cross-sectional analyses from the UAB Study of Aging II.
Social factors may disparately affect access to food and nutritional risk among older adults by race and gender. This study assesses these associations using the Mini Nutritional Assessment among 414 community-dwelling persons 75+ years of age in Alabama. Multivariable analyses indicated that social factors affect nutritional risk differently by race and gender. Nutritional risk interventions are warranted for older adults.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Buys DR, Kennedy RE, Williams CP .
Social and demographic predictors of nutritional risk: cross-sectional analyses from the UAB Study of Aging II.
Fam Community Health 2018 Apr/Jun;41 Suppl 2 Suppl, Food Insecurity and Obesity:S33-s45. doi: 10.1097/fch.0000000000000180.
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Keywords: Elderly, Nutrition, Obesity, Risk, Social Determinants of Health
DunnGalvin A, Polloni L, Le Bovidge J
Preliminary development of the food allergy coping and emotions questionnaires for children, adolescents, and young people: qualitative analysis of data on IgE-mediated food allergy from five countries.
This study examined the use of a food allergy-specific development model that explained emotions and coping styles to children aged 6 to 15 years in Ireland in other countries. The Food Allergy Coping and Emotions (FACE) model was used with 274 participants aged 6 to 23 years and 119 parents in Australia, Ireland, Italy, the UK, and the US. The model has 5 major themes which were present across all the countries. The results will be used to generate an age-specific bank of items for the development of 3 questionnaires to assess emotions and coping in food allergy.
AHRQ-funded; HS024599.
Citation: DunnGalvin A, Polloni L, Le Bovidge J .
Preliminary development of the food allergy coping and emotions questionnaires for children, adolescents, and young people: qualitative analysis of data on IgE-mediated food allergy from five countries.
J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2018 Mar - Apr;6(2):506-13.e11. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2017.11.044..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Chronic Conditions, Nutrition
Egan M, Greenhawt M
Common questions in food allergy avoidance.
Allergists must be able to provide avoidance advice while suggesting age and nutritionally appropriate substitutions. This review therefore focuses on providing an understanding of identifying potential myths that may surround certain aspects of food allergy management, with a focus on redirecting misconceptions, and enhancing communications that can improve how patients live life with disease.
AHRQ-funded; HS024599.
Citation: Egan M, Greenhawt M .
Common questions in food allergy avoidance.
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018 Mar;120(3):263-71. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2017.09.078.
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Keywords: Chronic Conditions, Nutrition, Patient and Family Engagement, Clinician-Patient Communication, Patient Self-Management
Nowak-Wegrzyn A, Greenhawt M
The importance of food allergy to the practicing clinician.
This article introduces a theme issue on food allergy that brings an impressive lineup of state-of-the-art reviews, provocative commentaries, and innovative original research studies. It briefly summarizes the content of the various studies and commentaries included in the issue.
AHRQ-funded; HS024599.
Citation: Nowak-Wegrzyn A, Greenhawt M .
The importance of food allergy to the practicing clinician.
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018 Mar;120(3):227-28. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.01.024.
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Keywords: Evidence-Based Practice, Provider: Health Personnel, Nutrition, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Rasmussen E, Fosnacht Morgan AM, Munson R
Use of an electronic medical record to track adherence to the mediterranean diet in a US neurology clinical practice.
The authors of this paper describe their experience with routinely capturing and analyzing Mediterranean diet data via structured clinical documentation support tools built into the electronic medical record and describe adherence to the Mediterranean diet in patients at risk for either stroke or dementia in a US neurology clinical practice.
AHRQ-funded; HS024057.
Citation: Rasmussen E, Fosnacht Morgan AM, Munson R .
Use of an electronic medical record to track adherence to the mediterranean diet in a US neurology clinical practice.
Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes 2018 Mar;2(1):49-59. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2017.12.003..
Keywords: Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Nutrition, Patient Adherence/Compliance
Gowey MA, Chandler-Laney PC
Children's food and satiety responsiveness in association with post-prandial glucose following a standardized liquid meal.
The objective of this study was to examine the association between children's post-prandial glucose responses and maternal report of their eating behaviours. The study’s results suggested that earlier and smaller post-prandial glucose excursions may be related to children's response to food cues.
AHRQ-funded; HS023009.
Citation: Gowey MA, Chandler-Laney PC .
Children's food and satiety responsiveness in association with post-prandial glucose following a standardized liquid meal.
Clin Obes 2018 Feb;8(1):39-42. doi: 10.1111/cob.12210..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Nutrition, Obesity
Gowey MA, Chandler-Laney PC
Children's food and satiety responsiveness in association with post-prandial glucose following a standardized liquid meal.
The objective of this study was to examine the association between children's post-prandial glucose responses and maternal report of their eating behaviours. The study’s results suggested that earlier and smaller post-prandial glucose excursions may be related to children's response to food cues.
AHRQ-funded; HS023009.
Citation: Gowey MA, Chandler-Laney PC .
Children's food and satiety responsiveness in association with post-prandial glucose following a standardized liquid meal.
Clin Obes 2018 Feb;8(1):39-42. doi: 10.1111/cob.12210..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Nutrition, Obesity
Derose KP, Rios-Castillo I, Fulcar MA
Severe food insecurity is associated with overweight and increased body fat among people living with HIV in the Dominican Republic.
To explore the association between food insecurity and overweight and obesity among PLHIV in the Dominican Republic, the researchers conducted a cross-sectional study of 160 HIV-infected adults between March-December 2012. After controlling for age, gender, income, having children at home, education, and anti-retroviral therapy status, severe food insecurity was associated with increased body mass index (BMI) and body fat.
AHRQ-funded; HS000046.
Citation: Derose KP, Rios-Castillo I, Fulcar MA .
Severe food insecurity is associated with overweight and increased body fat among people living with HIV in the Dominican Republic.
AIDS Care 2018 Feb;30(2):182-90. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2017.1348597.
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Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Nutrition, Obesity, Obesity: Weight Management, Social Determinants of Health
Lee BY, Ferguson MC, Hertenstein DL
Simulating the impact of sugar-sweetened beverage warning labels in three cities.
A number of locations have been considering sugar-sweetened beverage point-of-purchase warning label policies to help address rising adolescent overweight and obesity prevalence. This study exploring the impact of such policies concluded that agent-based simulations showed how warning labels may decrease overweight and obesity prevalence in a variety of circumstances with label efficacy and literacy rate identified as potential drivers.
AHRQ-funded; HS023317.
Citation: Lee BY, Ferguson MC, Hertenstein DL .
Simulating the impact of sugar-sweetened beverage warning labels in three cities.
Am J Prev Med 2018 Feb;54(2):197-204. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2017.11.003.
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Keywords: Policy, Nutrition, Obesity, Policy
Gorski Findling MT, Werth PM, Musicus AA
Comparing five front-of-pack nutrition labels' influence on consumers' perceptions and purchase intentions.
In 2011, a National Academy of Medicine report recommended that packaged food in the U.S. display a uniform front-of-package nutrition label, using a system such as a 0-3 star ranking. This study compares five front-of-pack nutrition labels' influence on consumers' perceptions and purchase intentions. The authors indicated that results did not point to a clearly superior label design, but suggested that a 3-star label might not be best for educating consumers.
AHRQ-funded; HS000055.
Citation: Gorski Findling MT, Werth PM, Musicus AA .
Comparing five front-of-pack nutrition labels' influence on consumers' perceptions and purchase intentions.
Prev Med 2018 Jan;106:114-21. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.10.022..
Keywords: Education, Nutrition, Obesity
Pellegrini CA, Conroy DE, Phillips SM
Daily and seasonal influences on dietary self-monitoring using a smartphone application.
Researchers examined within-person variation in dietary self-monitoring during a 6-month technology-supported weight loss trial as a function of time-varying factors including time in the study, day of the week, and month of the year. They found that participants recorded less as time in the study progressed. Fewer foods were reported on the weekends compared with weekdays. More foods were self-monitored in January compared with October; however, a seasonal effect was not observed.
AHRQ-funded; HS023011.
Citation: Pellegrini CA, Conroy DE, Phillips SM .
Daily and seasonal influences on dietary self-monitoring using a smartphone application.
J Nutr Educ Behav 2018 Jan;50(1):56-61.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jneb.2016.12.004.
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Keywords: Health Information Technology (HIT), Nutrition, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Patient Self-Management, Obesity: Weight Management