National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
Latest available findings on quality of and access to health care
Data
- Data Infographics
- Data Visualizations
- Data Tools
- Data Innovations
- All-Payer Claims Database
- Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP)
- Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)
- AHRQ Quality Indicator Tools for Data Analytics
- State Snapshots
- United States Health Information Knowledgebase (USHIK)
- Data Sources Available from AHRQ
Search All Research Studies
AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Access to Care (3)
- Ambulatory Care and Surgery (1)
- Antibiotics (1)
- Behavioral Health (1)
- Cancer (2)
- Cancer: Prostate Cancer (1)
- Cardiovascular Conditions (1)
- Care Coordination (2)
- Children/Adolescents (9)
- Clinical Decision Support (CDS) (1)
- Community-Based Practice (2)
- Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) (1)
- Data (3)
- Decision Making (2)
- Dental and Oral Health (1)
- Diagnostic Safety and Quality (3)
- Disabilities (1)
- Education: Academic (2)
- Education: Continuing Medical Education (2)
- Elderly (2)
- Electronic Health Records (EHRs) (7)
- Emergency Department (5)
- Emergency Medical Services (EMS) (3)
- Evidence-Based Practice (10)
- Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) (1)
- Healthcare Costs (6)
- Healthcare Delivery (7)
- Healthcare Utilization (4)
- Health Information Technology (HIT) (4)
- Health Insurance (2)
- (-) Health Services Research (HSR) (83)
- Heart Disease and Health (1)
- Home Healthcare (3)
- Hospital Discharge (2)
- Hospitalization (2)
- Hospital Readmissions (1)
- Hospitals (7)
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (1)
- Implementation (1)
- Inpatient Care (1)
- Kidney Disease and Health (1)
- Labor and Delivery (2)
- Learning Health Systems (1)
- Long-Term Care (1)
- Maternal Care (1)
- Medicaid (4)
- Medical Errors (1)
- Medicare (2)
- Mortality (3)
- Nursing (1)
- Nursing Homes (1)
- Outcomes (5)
- Patient-Centered Healthcare (3)
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (6)
- Patient Experience (1)
- Patient Safety (2)
- Payment (2)
- Policy (8)
- Pregnancy (4)
- Prevention (2)
- Primary Care (2)
- Provider (4)
- Provider: Nurse (1)
- Provider: Pharmacist (1)
- Provider: Physician (1)
- Provider Performance (1)
- Public Health (2)
- Quality Improvement (4)
- Quality Measures (1)
- Quality of Care (5)
- Quality of Life (2)
- Registries (3)
- Rehabilitation (1)
- Research Methodologies (18)
- Screening (1)
- Sickle Cell Disease (1)
- Simulation (2)
- Skin Conditions (2)
- Social Determinants of Health (1)
- Stroke (1)
- Surgery (1)
- TeamSTEPPS (1)
- Telehealth (2)
- Training (2)
- Transitions of Care (3)
- Transplantation (6)
- Trauma (1)
- U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) (1)
- Vaccination (2)
- Vulnerable Populations (1)
- Web-Based (1)
- Women (1)
- Workforce (2)
AHRQ Research Studies
Sign up: AHRQ Research Studies Email updates
Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 25 of 83 Research Studies DisplayedKlig JE, Fang A, Fox SM
2018 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference: Advancing Pediatric Emergency Medicine Education Through Research and Scholarship.
To achieve high-quality emergency care for pediatric patients nationwide, it is necessary to define the key elements for pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) education and scholarship. A working group of medical educators was formed to review the literature, develop a framework for consensus discussion at the breakout session, and then translate their findings into recommendations for future research and scholarship.
AHRQ-funded; HS026101.
Citation: Klig JE, Fang A, Fox SM .
2018 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference: Advancing Pediatric Emergency Medicine Education Through Research and Scholarship.
Acad Emerg Med 2018 Dec;25(12):1327-35. doi: 10.1111/acem.13632..
Keywords: Emergency Department, Children/Adolescents, Health Services Research (HSR)
I Auerbach, M Badaki-Makun, O
AHRQ Author: Barata
A research agenda to advance pediatric emergency care through enhanced collaboration across emergency departments.
In 2018, the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine and the journal Academic Emergency Medicine (AEM) convened a consensus conference entitled, "Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference: Aligning the Pediatric Emergency Medicine Research Agenda to Reduce Health Outcome Gaps." This article is the product of the breakout session, "Emergency Department Collaboration-Pediatric Emergency Medicine in Non-Children's Hospital."
AHRQ-funded; HS026101.
Citation: I Auerbach, M Badaki-Makun, O .
A research agenda to advance pediatric emergency care through enhanced collaboration across emergency departments.
Acad Emerg Med 2018 Dec;25(12):1415-26. doi: 10.1111/acem.13642..
Keywords: Care Coordination, Children/Adolescents, Emergency Department, Evidence-Based Practice, Health Services Research (HSR), Outcomes, Quality of Care, Quality Improvement
Burgette JM, Preisser JS, Rozier RG
Access to preventive services after the integration of oral health care into early childhood education and medical care.
The authors compared children enrolled in North Carolina Early Head Start (EHS) programs with similar children enrolled in Medicaid but not EHS on the use of POHS. They analyzed 4 dependent variables (oral assessment by medical health care provider, oral assessment by oral health care provider, fluoride application by medical health care provider, fluoride application by oral health care provider) by using multivariate logistic regression that controlled for covariates.
AHRQ-funded; HS000032.
Citation: Burgette JM, Preisser JS, Rozier RG .
Access to preventive services after the integration of oral health care into early childhood education and medical care.
J Am Dent Assoc 2018 Dec;149(12):1024-31.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.adaj.2018.07.019..
Keywords: Access to Care, Children/Adolescents, Dental and Oral Health, Health Services Research (HSR), Medicaid, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Prevention
Adelgais KM, Hansen M, Lerner EB
Establishing the key outcomes for pediatric emergency medical services research.
The evidence supporting best practices when treating children in the prehospital setting or even the effect emergency medical services (EMS) has on patient outcomes is limited. This article describes a consensus process among stakeholders in the pediatric emergency medicine and EMS community that identified the critical outcomes for EMS care in five clinical areas (traumatic brain injury, general injury, respiratory disease/failure, sepsis, and seizures).
AHRQ-funded; HS026101.
Citation: Adelgais KM, Hansen M, Lerner EB .
Establishing the key outcomes for pediatric emergency medical services research.
Acad Emerg Med 2018 Dec;25(12):1345-54. doi: 10.1111/acem.13637..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Evidence-Based Practice, Health Services Research (HSR), Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Marshall IJ, Noel-Storr A, Kuiper J
Machine learning for identifying randomized controlled trials: an evaluation and practitioner's guide.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate machine learning models for RCT classification. Models were evaluated on an external dataset. The authors demonstrate that machine learning approaches are better able to discriminate between RCTs and non-RCTs than traditional database search filters, and also provide practical guidance on the role of machine learning in systematic reviews, and rapid reviews and clinical question answering as well as an open-source software.
AHRQ-funded; HS025024.
Citation: Marshall IJ, Noel-Storr A, Kuiper J .
Machine learning for identifying randomized controlled trials: an evaluation and practitioner's guide.
Res Synth Methods 2018 Dec;9(4):602-14. doi: 10.1002/jrsm.1287..
Keywords: Evidence-Based Practice, Health Services Research (HSR), Research Methodologies
Van Domelen DR, Mitchell EM, Perkins NJ
AHRQ Author: Mitchell EM
Logistic regression with a continuous exposure measured in pools and subject to errors.
A logistic regression model for poolwise data is available, but validity requires that the assay yields the precise mean exposure for members of each pool. To account for errors, the authors assume the assay returns the true mean exposure plus a measurement error (ME) and/or a processing error (PE). They describe their process in this paper.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Van Domelen DR, Mitchell EM, Perkins NJ .
Logistic regression with a continuous exposure measured in pools and subject to errors.
Stat Med 2018 Nov 30;37(27):4007-21. doi: 10.1002/sim.7891.
.
.
Keywords: Health Services Research (HSR)
Simpson LA, Koechlein L, Menachemi N
Show me the money! Trends in funding for health services research.
This paper presents longitudinal data representing federal funding for health services research and discusses the observed trends in the larger context of overall funding for research and development in the United States.
AHRQ-funded; 233201600155P.
Citation: Simpson LA, Koechlein L, Menachemi N .
Show me the money! Trends in funding for health services research.
Health Serv Res 2018 Oct;53 Suppl 2:3967-75. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.13040..
Keywords: Health Services Research (HSR)
Brennan-Cook J, Bonnabeau E, Aponte R
Barriers to care for persons with sickle cell disease: the case manager's opportunity to improve patient outcomes.
The purpose of this paper was to review the barriers to care for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Chronic pain and the perception of addiction, implicit bias, frequent hospitalizations and emergency department visits, clinician and patient knowledge deficits, and SCD stigma all impede the ability to provide evidence-based care for patients with SCD. The authors assert that case managers can coordinate and advocate for appropriate care that improves patient outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; HS024501.
Citation: Brennan-Cook J, Bonnabeau E, Aponte R .
Barriers to care for persons with sickle cell disease: the case manager's opportunity to improve patient outcomes.
Prof Case Manag 2018 Jul/Aug;23(4):213-19. doi: 10.1097/ncm.0000000000000260..
Keywords: Access to Care, Healthcare Delivery, Health Services Research (HSR), Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Sickle Cell Disease
Vemulakonda VM, Bush RA, Kahn MG
"Minimally invasive research?" Use of the electronic health record to facilitate research in pediatric urology.
This literature study examined the use of electronic health records (EHRs) to facilitate research in pediatric urology. The use of EHRs has been strongly encouraged by US federal agencies, including AHRQ. The researchers found that EHR use for research has strengths and weaknesses and more collaboration is needed to identify the method that best suits incorporation of research-oriented data collection into routine pediatric urologic clinical practice.
AHRQ-funded; HS024597; HS022404.
Citation: Vemulakonda VM, Bush RA, Kahn MG .
"Minimally invasive research?" Use of the electronic health record to facilitate research in pediatric urology.
J Pediatr Urol 2018 Oct;14(5):374-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2018.04.033..
Keywords: Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Children/Adolescents, Health Information Technology (HIT), Health Services Research (HSR), Research Methodologies
Rich E, Collins A
Current and future demand for health services researchers: perspectives from diverse research organizations.
This study investigated employers' perceptions of demand for individuals to conduct health services research (HSR), the competencies required for success, and implications for HSR training programs using semi-structure qualitative telephone interviews. The investigators found that current and future demand for health services researchers is strong.
AHRQ-funded; 233201600155P.
Citation: Rich E, Collins A .
Current and future demand for health services researchers: perspectives from diverse research organizations.
Health Serv Res 2018 Oct;53 Suppl 2:3927-44. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.12999..
Keywords: Health Services Research (HSR)
Mor V, Wallace P
Funding the training of future health services researchers.
This article describes the trends in funding for training health service researches in the United States. The government funds some training through grants by NIH and AHRQ through the National Research Service Award (NRSA) mechanism. However, most of the AHRQ grant programs have reduced their funding levels from 2010 to 2015 by almost half, with only the dissertation grants program (R36) experiencing an increase. Other federal mechanisms to fund training come through postdoctoral or post-MD programs with HRSA or the Veterans Administration. Private funding is also available through the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Lastly, AcademyHealth started a Delivery System Science Fellowship (DSSF) program to provide a paid post-doctoral learning experience for early-career researchers. Out of 118 applicants, 25 fellows, six trained as physicians have been accepted. Twenty-one researchers have completed the fellowship, and four are current fellows. There has been a wide background in those fellows. The writers believe more stable funding sources need to be established with a close collaboration between HSR researchers and users.
AHRQ-funded; 233201600155P.
Citation: Mor V, Wallace P .
Funding the training of future health services researchers.
Health Serv Res 2018 Oct;53 Suppl 2:3976-84. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.12844..
Keywords: Health Services Research (HSR), Workforce
Jeffery MM, Wolfson J, Meier SK
Health care service use among elderly seasonal migrators.
Little research is available to guide providers and payers on the service use of seasonal migrators. The authors use claims data on fee-for-service (FFS) Medicare beneficiaries' locations throughout the year to (1) identify seasonal migrators and (2) describe the care they receive in each seasonal home, focusing on primary care and emergency department (ED) visits and the relationships between the two.
AHRQ-funded.
Citation: Jeffery MM, Wolfson J, Meier SK .
Health care service use among elderly seasonal migrators.
Popul Health Manag 2018 Oct;21(5):415-21. doi: 10.1089/pop.2017.0155..
Keywords: Access to Care, Elderly, Healthcare Utilization, Health Services Research (HSR)
Menachemi N, Simpson LA, Wolfe MJ
Positioning the health services research workforce for continued success: recommendations from AcademyHealth stakeholders.
This paper describes the Workforce Initiative Task Force established by AcademyHealth, in 2016, to conduct an assessment of the state of the health services research workforce and develop recommendations for its future in the context of the changing health care and research ecosystems.
AHRQ-funded; 233201600155P.
Citation: Menachemi N, Simpson LA, Wolfe MJ .
Positioning the health services research workforce for continued success: recommendations from AcademyHealth stakeholders.
Health Serv Res 2018 Oct;53 Suppl 2:4041-50. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.13039..
Keywords: Health Services Research (HSR)
Burgess JF, Menachemi N, Maciejewski ML
Update on the health services research doctoral core competencies.
The purpose of this study was to present revised core competencies for doctoral programs in health services research (HSR), modalities to deliver these competencies, and suggested methods for assessing mastery of these competencies. The study concluded that core competencies in HSR are a continually evolving work in progress because new research questions arise, new methods are developed, and the trans-disciplinary nature of the field leads to new multidisciplinary and team building needs.
AHRQ-funded.
Citation: Burgess JF, Menachemi N, Maciejewski ML .
Update on the health services research doctoral core competencies.
Health Serv Res 2018 Oct;53(Suppl 2):3985-4003. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.12851..
Keywords: Education: Academic, Education: Continuing Medical Education, Health Services Research (HSR), Training
Frogner BK
Update on the stock and supply of health services researchers in the United States.
This study examines the stock and supply including educational pipeline of health services researchers (HSRers) in the United States. The study found that the average annual growth rate of HSRers appeared to be within range of national recommendations. The authors asserted that additional work is needed to assess whether supply of HSRers is meeting demand and to ensure a competent and diverse educational pipeline that meets the needs of an evolving health system.
AHRQ-funded; 233201600155.
Citation: Frogner BK .
Update on the stock and supply of health services researchers in the United States.
Health Serv Res 2018 Oct;53(Suppl 2):3945-66. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.12988..
Keywords: Education: Academic, Health Services Research (HSR), Research Methodologies
Sterling MR, Shaw AL, Leung PB
Home care workers in heart failure: a systematic review.
This systematic review aimed to 1) describe utilization patterns of home care workers (HCWs) by adults with heart failure (HF), 2) examine the effect of HCWs on HF outcomes, and 3) review HF interventions that involve HCWs. The investigators concluded that the literature on these HCWs in HF is limited. They suggest that additional research is warranted on the potential role of HCWs in HF self-care and on outcomes among adults with HF.
AHRQ-funded; HS024569; T32 HS000066.
Citation: Sterling MR, Shaw AL, Leung PB .
Home care workers in heart failure: a systematic review.
J Multidiscip Healthc 2018 Sep 25;11:481-92. doi: 10.2147/jmdh.s175512..
Keywords: Health Services Research (HSR), Heart Disease and Health, Home Healthcare
Lin L
Bias caused by sampling error in meta-analysis with small sample sizes.
This study investigated bias due to small sample sizes in meta-analyses. Researchers conducted simulation studies to assess the biased caused by sampling error. Standardized mean difference, odds ratio, and risk ratio all had noticeable bias in the simulations although mean difference did not.
AHRQ-funded; HS024743.
Citation: Lin L .
Bias caused by sampling error in meta-analysis with small sample sizes.
PLoS One 2018 Sep 13;13(9):e0204056. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204056..
Keywords: Health Services Research (HSR), Research Methodologies
Thorlacius L, Ingram JR, Villumsen B
A core domain set for hidradenitis suppurativa trial outcomes: an international Delphi process.
This article describes the outcome of six stakeholder groups participating in a Delphi process to create a core outcomes set (COS) for hidradenitis suppurative (HS) research. Five anonymous e-Delphi rounds and four face-to-face consensus meetings were conducted. A total of 41 patients and 52 healthcare professionals (HCPs) from 19 countries and 4 continents participated. The consensus adopted included five domains were approved: disease course, physical signs, HS-specific quality of life, pain, and global assessments.
AHRQ-funded; HS024585.
Citation: Thorlacius L, Ingram JR, Villumsen B .
A core domain set for hidradenitis suppurativa trial outcomes: an international Delphi process.
Br J Dermatol 2018 Sep;179(3):642-50. doi: 10.1111/bjd.16672..
Keywords: Skin Conditions, Health Services Research (HSR), Research Methodologies, Quality of Life
Auger KA, Shah SS, Tubbs-Cooley HL
Effects of a 1-time nurse-led telephone call after pediatric discharge: the H2O II randomized clinical trial.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether a single nurse-led telephone call after pediatric discharge decreased the 30-day reutilization rate for urgent care services and enhanced overall transition success. The investigators concluded that although postdischarge nurse contact did not decrease the reutilization rate of postdischarge urgent health care services, the method showed promise to bolster postdischarge education.
AHRQ-funded; HS024735.
Citation: Auger KA, Shah SS, Tubbs-Cooley HL .
Effects of a 1-time nurse-led telephone call after pediatric discharge: the H2O II randomized clinical trial.
JAMA Pediatr 2018 Sep;172(9):e181482. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.1482..
Keywords: Care Coordination, Children/Adolescents, Health Information Technology (HIT), Health Services Research (HSR), Healthcare Delivery, Healthcare Utilization, Hospital Discharge, Outcomes, Provider, Provider: Nurse, Telehealth, Transitions of Care
Marino M, Angier H, Valenzuela S
Medicaid coverage accuracy in electronic health records.
The objective of the study was to evaluate the validity of electronic health record (EHR) data for monitoring longitudinal Medicaid coverage and assess variation by patient demographics, visit types, and clinic characteristics. The researchers conducted a retrospective, observational study comparing Medicaid status agreement between Oregon community health center EHR data linked at the patient-level to Medicaid enrollment data (gold standard).
AHRQ-funded; HS024270.
Citation: Marino M, Angier H, Valenzuela S .
Medicaid coverage accuracy in electronic health records.
Prev Med Rep 2018 Sep;11:297-304. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.07.009..
Keywords: Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Insurance, Health Services Research (HSR), Medicaid, Policy
Palmer JA, Mor V, Volandes AE
A dynamic application of PRECIS-2 to evaluate implementation in a pragmatic, cluster randomized clinical trial in two nursing home systems.
This report's objective was to apply PRagmatic Explanatory Continuum Indicator Summary-2 (PRECIS-2) in a novel manner during the actual conduct of the PRagmatic trial Of Video Education in Nursing homes (PROVEN) trial to assess how dynamic adaptations shifted implementation to either a more explanatory or a more pragmatic approach.
AHRQ-funded; HS000011.
Citation: Palmer JA, Mor V, Volandes AE .
A dynamic application of PRECIS-2 to evaluate implementation in a pragmatic, cluster randomized clinical trial in two nursing home systems.
Trials 2018 Aug 22;19(1):453. doi: 10.1186/s13063-018-2817-y..
Keywords: Health Services Research (HSR), Nursing Homes, Research Methodologies
Wiehe SE, Rosenman MB, Chartash D
A solutions-based approach to building data-sharing partnerships.
This paper aims to enhance the van Panhuis et al. framework of barriers to data sharing; the authors present a complementary solutions-based data-sharing process in order to encourage both emerging and established researchers, whether or not in academia, to engage in data-sharing partnerships.
AHRQ-funded; HS023318; HS024296.
Citation: Wiehe SE, Rosenman MB, Chartash D .
A solutions-based approach to building data-sharing partnerships.
eGEMS 2018 Aug 22;6(1):20. doi: 10.5334/egems.236..
Keywords: Data, Health Services Research (HSR), Research Methodologies
Shaffer JA, Kronish IM, Falzon L
N-of-1 randomized intervention trials in health psychology: a systematic review and methodology critique.
The purpose of this study was to assess the quality of the methods and statistics, to describe interventions and outcomes, and to explore the heterogeneity of treatment effect of health psychology N-of-1, or single-case randomized clinical trials. Researchers conducted a systematic review of N-of-1 trials by searching numerous databases from their respective inception up to June 2015; studies were included if they had health behavior or psychological outcomes and the order of interventions was randomized. Study characteristics and analytic methods were then abstracted. The results of the study indicate that N-of-1 randomized trials could become the next major advance in health psychology for precision therapeutics, but they must be conducted with more methodologic and statistical rigor as well as be transparently and fully reported.
AHRQ-funded; HS024262.
Citation: Shaffer JA, Kronish IM, Falzon L .
N-of-1 randomized intervention trials in health psychology: a systematic review and methodology critique.
Ann Behav Med 2018 Aug 16;52(9):731-42. doi: 10.1093/abm/kax026..
Keywords: Behavioral Health, Health Services Research (HSR), Research Methodologies
Nelson DB, Moniz MH, Davis MM
Population-level factors associated with maternal mortality in the United States, 1997-2012.
This study analyzed state-level maternal mortality for the years 1997-2012 using multilevel mixed-effects regression grouped by state, using publicly available data. The study concluded that, in addition to better case ascertainment of maternal deaths, adverse changes in chronic diseases, insufficient healthcare access, and social determinants of health represent identifiable risks for maternal mortality that merit prompt attention in population-directed interventions and health policies.
AHRQ-funded; HS025465.
Citation: Nelson DB, Moniz MH, Davis MM .
Population-level factors associated with maternal mortality in the United States, 1997-2012.
BMC Public Health 2018 Aug 13;18(1):1007. doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-5935-2..
Keywords: Health Services Research (HSR), Labor and Delivery, Mortality, Pregnancy, Social Determinants of Health
Wey A, Valapour M, Skeans
Heart and lung organ offer acceptance practices of transplant programs are associated with waitlist mortality and organ yield.
Variation in heart and lung offer acceptance practices may affect numbers of transplanted organs and create variability in waitlist mortality. In this study, the authors examined offered acceptance ratios, or adjusted odds ratios, for heart and lung transplant programs individually and for all programs within donation service areas (DSAs) using offers from donors recovered July 1, 2016, and June 30, 2017.
AHRQ-funded; HS024527.
Citation: Wey A, Valapour M, Skeans .
Heart and lung organ offer acceptance practices of transplant programs are associated with waitlist mortality and organ yield.
Am J Transplant 2018 Aug;18(8):2061-67. doi: 10.1111/ajt.14885..
Keywords: Transplantation, Health Services Research (HSR), Mortality