National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
Latest available findings on quality of and access to health care
Data
- Data Infographics
- Data Visualizations
- Data Tools
- Data Innovations
- All-Payer Claims Database
- Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP)
- Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)
- AHRQ Quality Indicator Tools for Data Analytics
- State Snapshots
- United States Health Information Knowledgebase (USHIK)
- Data Sources Available from AHRQ
Search All Research Studies
Topics
- Asthma (1)
- Cancer (1)
- Cancer: Lung Cancer (1)
- Caregiving (1)
- Children/Adolescents (4)
- Chronic Conditions (3)
- Community-Based Practice (1)
- Diabetes (1)
- Diagnostic Safety and Quality (2)
- Education (1)
- Emergency Department (2)
- Healthcare Delivery (1)
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (3)
- Implementation (1)
- Lifestyle Changes (1)
- Low-Income (1)
- Nutrition (1)
- Prevention (2)
- Primary Care (2)
- Racial and Ethnic Minorities (1)
- Respiratory Conditions (1)
- Risk (1)
- Rural/Inner-City Residents (1)
- (-) Screening (9)
- Social Determinants of Health (2)
- (-) Urban Health (9)
- Workflow (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
Sign up: AHRQ Research Studies Email updates
Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 9 of 9 Research Studies DisplayedHeller CG, Rehm CD, Parsons AH
The association between social needs and chronic conditions in a large, urban primary care population.
This study sought to understand the association between social needs and chronic health conditions using a screening tool and clinical data from Electronic Health Records. From April 2018 to December 2019, 33,550 adult patients completed a 10-item social needs screening tool during primary visits in Bronx and Westchester Counties, NY. A positive, cumulative association between social needs and each of the eight outcomes asked about was found. The relationship was strongest for elevated PHQ-2 (depression screening), alcohol/drug use disorder, and smoking. Those with 3 or greater social needs were 3.9 times more likely to have an elevated PHQ-2 than those without needs. Healthcare transportation challenges was associated with each condition and was the most strongly associated need with half of conditions in the fully-adjusted models. Examples included those with an alcohol/drug use disorder (84% more likely), and smokers (41% more likely).
AHRQ-funded; HS026396.
Citation: Heller CG, Rehm CD, Parsons AH .
The association between social needs and chronic conditions in a large, urban primary care population.
Prev Med 2021 Dec;153:106752. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106752..
Keywords: Chronic Conditions, Urban Health, Primary Care, Low-Income, Social Determinants of Health, Screening
Koller KR, Day GE, Hiratsuka VY
Increase in diabetes among urban Alaska Native people in the Alaska EARTH follow-up study: a call for prediabetes screening, diagnosis, and referral for intervention.
This study estimated incidence of diabetes (DM) and pre-DM relative to DM risk factors among relatively healthy Alaska Native and American Indian (AN) adults living in urban south-central Alaska. Results showed that, controlling for age and sex, obesity, abdominal adiposity, pre-DM, and metabolic syndrome independently increased DM risk. Recommendations included advising health care providers of AN populations to seize the opportunity to screen, refer, and treat individuals with pre-DM and other modifiable DM risk factors prior to DM diagnosis in order to alter the epidemiologic course of disease progression in this urban AN population.
AHRQ-funded; HS000084.
Citation: Koller KR, Day GE, Hiratsuka VY .
Increase in diabetes among urban Alaska Native people in the Alaska EARTH follow-up study: a call for prediabetes screening, diagnosis, and referral for intervention.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020 Sep;167:108357. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108357..
Keywords: Diabetes, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Urban Health, Risk, Prevention, Screening, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Chronic Conditions
Lee SJC, Hamann HA, Browning T
Stakeholder engagement to initiate lung cancer screening in an urban safety-net health system.
The authors sought to develop a population-based lung cancer screening program using low-dose computed tomography imaging at Parkland Health & Hospital System, Dallas County, Texas, providing coverage of uninsured patients through a combination of Medicare, Medicaid, and the Dallas medical assistance program for under- and uninsured, low-income county residents. They found that establishing a uniform clinical pathway connecting different clinical specialists requires a system-level view of care coordination to ensure that referrals trigger appointments, result reporting, and follow-up. Additionally, primary care providers need to educate and refer patients, address smoking cessation needs, and document shared decision-making counseling between the referring provider and the patient.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Lee SJC, Hamann HA, Browning T .
Stakeholder engagement to initiate lung cancer screening in an urban safety-net health system.
Healthc 2020 Mar;8(1):100370. doi: 10.1016/j.hjdsi.2019.100370.
.
.
Keywords: Cancer: Lung Cancer, Cancer, Screening, Prevention, Urban Health, Rural/Inner-City Residents
Cullen D, Woodford A, Fein J
Food for thought: a randomized trial of food insecurity screening in the emergency department.
Despite the growing interest in screening for food insecurity in the clinical setting, little evidence exists regarding screening formats that maximize disclosure and caregiver comfort. In this randomized trial, investigators asked English-speaking adult caregivers of pediatric patients in the emergency department at an urban, freestanding children's hospital to complete a validated, 2-question screen for food insecurity. Although both verbal interview and tablet-based screening modalities were effective in identifying food insecurity, tablet-based screening had a higher disclosure rate and was the participants' preferred screening method.
AHRQ-funded; HS026116.
Citation: Cullen D, Woodford A, Fein J .
Food for thought: a randomized trial of food insecurity screening in the emergency department.
Acad Pediatr 2019 Aug;19(6):646-51. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2018.11.014..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Emergency Department, Nutrition, Screening, Urban Health, Caregiving
Louisias M, Petty CR, Sheehan W
Use of a school-based survey to screen students for symptoms concerning for asthma.
Researchers sought early identification of asthma in minority children. Their goal was to determine if they could apply screening surveys to an inner-city, school-based cohort. They found a significant number of children with a positive asthma screen and no parent-reported asthma. Children with symptoms suggestive of asthma had elevated rates of hospital care for breathing problems and an atopic background. The researchers conclude that these children without known asthma, but who experience increased morbidity, can be easily identified with a school-based asthma screening survey and should be closely monitored.
AHRQ-funded; HS000063; HS022986.
Citation: Louisias M, Petty CR, Sheehan W .
Use of a school-based survey to screen students for symptoms concerning for asthma.
Clin Pediatr 2019 May;58(5):586-89. doi: 10.1177/0009922819832087..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Asthma, Screening, Education, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Urban Health
Fiori K, Patel M, Sanderson D
From policy statement to practice: integrating social needs screening and referral assistance with community health workers in an urban academic health center.
The authors described their experience implementing a novel social needs screening program at an academic pediatric clinic. They found that, on average, 76% of providers had their patients screened on more than half of eligible well-child visits. Their experience suggested that screening for social needs at well-child visits is feasible as part of routine primary care. They recommended that success would best be achieved by leveraging resources, obtaining provider buy-in, and defining program components to sustain activities.
AHRQ-funded; HS026396.
Citation: Fiori K, Patel M, Sanderson D .
From policy statement to practice: integrating social needs screening and referral assistance with community health workers in an urban academic health center.
J Prim Care Community Health 2019 Jan-Dec;10:2150132719899207. doi: 10.1177/2150132719899207..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Community-Based Practice, Healthcare Delivery, Implementation, Screening, Social Determinants of Health, Urban Health, Workflow, Primary Care
Gao TY, Howe CJ, Zullo AR
Risk factors for self-report of not receiving an HIV test among adolescents in NYC with a history of sexual intercourse, 2013 YRBS.
This study estimated the prevalence of and identified risk factors for not receiving an HIV test among adolescents with a history of sexual intercourse in New York City (NYC), an urban area that has been greatly impacted by the HIV epidemic. The study’s findings suggested that among NYC adolescents with a history of sexual intercourse, the prevalence of HIV testing is low. HIV testing may have been low in part because of limited experience with current screening guidelines among clinicians.
AHRQ-funded; HS022998.
Citation: Gao TY, Howe CJ, Zullo AR .
Risk factors for self-report of not receiving an HIV test among adolescents in NYC with a history of sexual intercourse, 2013 YRBS.
Vulnerable Child Youth Stud 2017;12(4):277-91. doi: 10.1080/17450128.2016.1268741..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Lifestyle Changes, Screening, Urban Health
Shirley DK, Kaner RJ, Glesby MJ
Screening for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in an urban HIV clinic: a pilot study.
This study aimed to determine the predictive value of a COPD screening strategy validated in the general population and to identify HIV-related factors associated with decreased lung function. It found that questionnaire and peak flow together had low sensitivity, but abnormal peak flow shows potential as a screening tool for COPD in HIV/AIDS. These data suggest that lung function may be influenced by HIV-related factors.
AHRQ-funded; HS000066.
Citation: Shirley DK, Kaner RJ, Glesby MJ .
Screening for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in an urban HIV clinic: a pilot study.
AIDS Patient Care STDS 2015 May;29(5):232-9. doi: 10.1089/apc.2014.0265..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Screening, Chronic Conditions, Respiratory Conditions, Urban Health
Haukoos JS, Lyons MS, White DA
Acute HIV infection and implications of fourth-generation HIV screening in emergency departments.
This editorial discusses a study in the same journal issue that contributes substantially to the understanding of HIV screening in EDs by reporting programmatic results of nontargeted opt-out screening in a high-volume, urban ED. This study is unique in that it reports, for the first time in an ED setting, the use of fourth-generation HIV testing which improves detection of acute HIV infection.
AHRQ-funded; HS021749.
Citation: Haukoos JS, Lyons MS, White DA .
Acute HIV infection and implications of fourth-generation HIV screening in emergency departments.
Ann Emerg Med 2014 Nov;64(5):547-51. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2014.07.004..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Screening, Emergency Department, Urban Health