National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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- (-) Data (49)
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 25 of 49 Research Studies DisplayedJarrin OF, Nyandege AN, Grafova IB
Validity of race and ethnicity codes in Medicare administrative data compared with gold-standard self-reported race collected during routine home health care visits.
The authors compared the validity of two race/ethnicity variables found in Medicare administrative data against a gold-standard source also available in the Medicare data warehouse. They found that the race/ethnicity variables contained in Medicare administrative data for minority health disparities research can be improved through the use of self-reported race/ethnicity data. They conclude that future work to improve the accuracy of Medicare beneficiaries' race/ethnicity data should incorporate and augment the self-reported race/ethnicity data contained in assessment and survey data, available within the Medicare data warehouse.
AHRQ-funded; HS022406.
Citation: Jarrin OF, Nyandege AN, Grafova IB .
Validity of race and ethnicity codes in Medicare administrative data compared with gold-standard self-reported race collected during routine home health care visits.
Med Care 2020 Jan;58(1):e1-e8. doi: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000001216..
Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Home Healthcare, Medicare, Data, Disparities, Research Methodologies
Saldanha IJ, Smith BT, Ntzani E
The Systematic Review Data Repository (SRDR): descriptive characteristics of publicly available data and opportunities for research.
Funded by the US Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the Systematic Review Data Repository (SRDR) is a free, web-based, open-source, data management and archival platform for reviews. The objectives of this study were to describe (1) the current extent of usage of SRDR and (2) the characteristics of all projects with publicly available data on the SRDR website.
AHRQ-funded; HHSA290201500002I_HHSA29032012T.
Citation: Saldanha IJ, Smith BT, Ntzani E .
The Systematic Review Data Repository (SRDR): descriptive characteristics of publicly available data and opportunities for research.
Syst Rev 2019 Dec 20;8(1):334. doi: 10.1186/s13643-019-1250-y..
Keywords: Evidence-Based Practice, Data, Research Methodologies, Registries
Boudreaux M, Gangopadhyaya A, Long SK
AHRQ Author: Karaca Z
Using data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project for state health policy research.
Investigators describe the opportunities and challenges of using HCUP data to conduct state health policy research and to provide empirical examples of what can go wrong when using the national HCUP data inappropriately. Analyzing cesarean delivery rates, discharges per capita, and discharges by the payer, they found that state-level estimates are volatile and often provide misleading policy conclusions. They conclude that the Nationwide Inpatient Sample should not be used for state-level research and specified that AHRQ provides resources to assist analysts with state-specific studies using State Inpatient Database files.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Boudreaux M, Gangopadhyaya A, Long SK .
Using data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project for state health policy research.
Med Care 2019 Nov;57(11):855-60. doi: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000001196..
Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Policy, Health Services Research (HSR), Healthcare Costs, Data, Research Methodologies
Lewis VA, Joynet Maddox K, Austin AM
Developing and validating a measure to estimate poverty in Medicare administrative data.
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a measure that estimates individual level poverty in Medicare administrative data that can be used in studies of Medicare claims. The investigators indicate that a poverty score can be calculated using Medicare administrative data for use as a continuous or binary measure and that this measure can improve researchers' ability to identify poverty in Medicare administrative data.
AHRQ-funded; HS024075.
Citation: Lewis VA, Joynet Maddox K, Austin AM .
Developing and validating a measure to estimate poverty in Medicare administrative data.
Med Care 2019 Aug;57(8):601-07. doi: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000001154..
Keywords: Medicare, Data, Low-Income, Research Methodologies
Li X, Fireman BH, Curtis JR
Validity of privacy-protecting analytical methods that use only aggregate-level information to conduct multivariable-adjusted analysis in distributed data networks.
Researchers analyzed the impact of using distributed data networks to conduct large-scale epidemiologic studies on protecting privacy of the subjects. Three aggregate-level data-sharing approaches were tested (risk-set, summary-table, and effect-estimate). Four confounding adjustment methods (matching, stratification, inverse probability matching, and matching weighting) and 2 summary scores (propensity and disease risk) for binary and time-to-event-outcomes were assessed. Risk-set data sharing generally performed better than summary-table and effect-estimate data-sharing which often produced discrepancies in settings with rare outcomes and small sample sizes.
AHRQ-funded; HS026214.
Citation: Li X, Fireman BH, Curtis JR .
Validity of privacy-protecting analytical methods that use only aggregate-level information to conduct multivariable-adjusted analysis in distributed data networks.
Am J Epidemiol 2019 Apr;188(4):709-23. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwy265..
Keywords: Data, Research Methodologies
Hsu YJ, Kosinski AS, Wallace AS
Using a society database to evaluate a patient safety collaborative: the Cardiovascular Surgical Translational Study.
The authors assessed the utility of using external databases for quality improvement (QI) evaluations in the context of an innovative QI collaborative aimed to reduce three infections and improve patient safety across the cardiac surgery service line. They compared changes in each outcome between 15 intervention hospitals and 52 propensity score-matched hospitals, and found that improvement trends in several outcomes among the studied intervention hospitals were not statistically different from those in comparison hospitals. They conclude that using external databases may permit comparative effectiveness assessment by providing concurrent comparison groups, additional outcome measures, and longer follow-up.
AHRQ-funded; HS019934.
Citation: Hsu YJ, Kosinski AS, Wallace AS .
Using a society database to evaluate a patient safety collaborative: the Cardiovascular Surgical Translational Study.
J Comp Eff Res 2019 Jan;8(1):21-32. doi: 10.2217/cer-2018-0051..
Keywords: Patient Safety, Quality Improvement, Quality Indicators (QIs), Quality of Care, Surgery, Cardiovascular Conditions, Comparative Effectiveness, Data, Hospitals, Research Methodologies, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Ross JS, Waldstreicher J, Bamford S
Overview and experience of the YODA Project with clinical trial data sharing after 5 years.
This article provides an overview of the Yale University Open Data Access (YODA) Project, which has facilitated access to clinical trial data since 2013. The Project’s key decisions to establish data sharing policies are described, and the authors suggest how their experience and the experiences of their data-generator partners can be used to enhance other ongoing or future initiatives.
AHRQ-funded; HS022882; HS025164.
Citation: Ross JS, Waldstreicher J, Bamford S .
Overview and experience of the YODA Project with clinical trial data sharing after 5 years.
Sci Data 2018 Nov 27;5:180268. doi: 10.1038/sdata.2018.268..
Keywords: Data, Research Methodologies
Newgard CD, Malveau S, Zive D
Building a longitudinal cohort from 9-1-1 to 1-year using existing data sources, probabilistic linkage, and multiple imputation: a validation study.
The objective of this seven-county study was to describe and validate construction of a population-based, longitudinal cohort of injured older adults from 9-1-1 call to 1-year follow-up. Results showed that a population-based emergency care cohort with long-term outcomes can be constructed from existing data sources with high accuracy and reasonable validity of resulting variables.
AHRQ-funded; HS023796.
Citation: Newgard CD, Malveau S, Zive D .
Building a longitudinal cohort from 9-1-1 to 1-year using existing data sources, probabilistic linkage, and multiple imputation: a validation study.
Acad Emerg Med 2018 Nov;25(11):1268-83. doi: 10.1111/acem.13512..
Keywords: Data, Research Methodologies, Elderly, Emergency Department, Injuries and Wounds
Wang SV, Maro JC, Baro E
Data mining for adverse drug events with a propensity score-matched tree-based scan statistic.
In this study, the investigators propose a method that combines tree-based scan statistics with propensity score-matched analysis of new initiator cohorts, a robust design for investigations of drug safety. They subsequently conducted plasmode simulations to evaluate performance. The authors suggest that TreeScan with propensity score matching shows promise as a method for screening and prioritization of potential adverse events.
AHRQ-funded; HS022193.
Citation: Wang SV, Maro JC, Baro E .
Data mining for adverse drug events with a propensity score-matched tree-based scan statistic.
Epidemiology 2018 Nov;29(6):895-903. doi: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000907..
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Patient Safety, Medication, Medication: Safety, Data, Research Methodologies
Wiehe SE, Rosenman MB, Chartash D
A solutions-based approach to building data-sharing partnerships.
This paper aims to enhance the van Panhuis et al. framework of barriers to data sharing; the authors present a complementary solutions-based data-sharing process in order to encourage both emerging and established researchers, whether or not in academia, to engage in data-sharing partnerships.
AHRQ-funded; HS023318; HS024296.
Citation: Wiehe SE, Rosenman MB, Chartash D .
A solutions-based approach to building data-sharing partnerships.
eGEMS 2018 Aug 22;6(1):20. doi: 10.5334/egems.236..
Keywords: Data, Health Services Research (HSR), Research Methodologies
Chai H, Jiang H, Lin L
A marginalized two-part Beta regression model for microbiome compositional data.
The authors of the study propose a marginalized two-part Beta regression model which captures the zero-inflation and skewness of microbiome data and also allows investigators to examine covariate effects on the marginal (unconditional) mean. They demonstrated its practical performance using simulation studies and applying the model to a real metagenomic dataset on mouse skin microbiota.
AHRQ-funded; HS020263.
Citation: Chai H, Jiang H, Lin L .
A marginalized two-part Beta regression model for microbiome compositional data.
PLoS Comput Biol 2018 Jul 23;14(7):e1006329. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006329..
Keywords: Data, Research Methodologies
Ghaferi AA, Dimick JB
Practical guide to surgical data sets: Medicare claims data.
In this article, the authors discuss pros and cons of Medicare data and explore commonly studied categories using this data (health policy evaluation, comparative effectiveness research, and outcome variations). They conclude that it is important to frame questions carefully and to use appropriate methods to ensure scientific rigor.
AHRQ-funded; HS023621; HS024403.
Citation: Ghaferi AA, Dimick JB .
Practical guide to surgical data sets: Medicare claims data.
JAMA Surg 2018 Jul;153(7):677-78. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2018.0489..
Keywords: Medicare, Data, Surgery, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Research Methodologies
Lu B, Cai D, Tong X
Testing causal effects in observational survival data using propensity score matching design.
The researchers proposed a strategy to test for survival function differences based on the matching design and explored sensitivity of the P-values to assumptions about unmeasured confounding. Next, they applied their method to an observational cohort of chronic liver disease patients from a Mayo Clinic study. Results showed evidence of a significant treatment effect. They recommended caution, however, as the sensitivity analysis reveals that the P-value becomes non-significant if there exists an unmeasured confounder with a small impact.
AHRQ-funded; HS024263.
Citation: Lu B, Cai D, Tong X .
Testing causal effects in observational survival data using propensity score matching design.
Stat Med 2018 May 20;37(11):1846-58. doi: 10.1002/sim.7599.
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Keywords: Data, Health Services Research (HSR), Research Methodologies
Hultman G, McEwan R, Pakhomov S
Usability evaluation of an unstructured clinical document query tool for researchers.
This study aimed to conduct a user-centered analysis with clinical researchers to gain insight into Natural Language Processing - Patient Information Extraction for Researchers (NLP-PIER) usability and to gain an understanding of the needs of clinical researchers when using an application for searching clinical notes.
AHRQ-funded; HS022085.
Citation: Hultman G, McEwan R, Pakhomov S .
Usability evaluation of an unstructured clinical document query tool for researchers.
AMIA Jt Summits Transl Sci Proc 2018 May 18;2018:84-93..
Keywords: Data, Health Information Technology (HIT), Research Methodologies
Sun B, Perkins NJ, Cole SR
AHRQ Author: Mitchell EM
Inverse-probability-weighted estimation for monotone and nonmonotone missing data.
The goal of this study was to examine the issue of missing data in epidemiologic research by estimating the association of maternal smoking behavior with spontaneous abortion. Three data sets with induced missing values from the Collaborative Perinatal Project are provided in the article as examples of prototypical epidemiologic studies with missing data. The article also describes a proposed approach to modeling nonmonotone missing-data mechanisms under missingness at random that can be used in constructing the weights in inverse probability weighting complete-case estimation.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Sun B, Perkins NJ, Cole SR .
Inverse-probability-weighted estimation for monotone and nonmonotone missing data.
Am J Epidemiol 2018 Mar;187(3):585-91. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwx350..
Keywords: Data, Health Services Research (HSR), Pregnancy, Research Methodologies
Stocco FG, Evaristo E, Shah NR
Marked exercise-induced T-wave heterogeneity in symptomatic diabetic patients with nonflow-limiting coronary artery stenosis.
The authors investigated whether T-wave heterogeneity (TWH) is elevated during exercise tolerance testing (ETT) in symptomatic diabetic patients with nonflow-limiting coronary artery stenosis compared to control subjects without diabetes. They found that TWH is capable of detecting latent repolarization abnormalities, which are present during ETT in diabetic patients with nonflow-limiting stenosis but not in control subjects. They concluded that the technique developed in this study permits TWH analysis from archived ECGs and thereby enables mining of extensive databases for retrospective studies and hypothesis testing.
AHRQ-funded; HS022998.
Citation: Stocco FG, Evaristo E, Shah NR .
Marked exercise-induced T-wave heterogeneity in symptomatic diabetic patients with nonflow-limiting coronary artery stenosis.
Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2018 Mar;23(2):e12503. doi: 10.1111/anec.12503.
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Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Data, Diabetes, Research Methodologies
Thomas KS, Dosa D, Gozalo PL
A methodology to identify a cohort of Medicare beneficiaries residing in large assisted living facilities using administrative data.
The purpose of this study was to develop and test a methodology to identify Medicare beneficiaries residing in assisted living facilities (ALFs). To this end, the investigators compiled a finder file of 9-digit ZIP codes representing large ALFs (25+ beds) by matching Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS) assessments and Medicare Part B Claims to the Medicare enrollment records and addresses of 11,751 ALFs.
AHRQ-funded; HS000011.
Citation: Thomas KS, Dosa D, Gozalo PL .
A methodology to identify a cohort of Medicare beneficiaries residing in large assisted living facilities using administrative data.
Med Care 2018 Feb;56(2):e10-e15. doi: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000000659..
Keywords: Data, Medicare, Research Methodologies
Woloshin S, Schwartz LM, Bagley PJ
Characteristics of interim publications of randomized clinical trials and comparison with final publications.
The authors describe the characteristics of interim publications from ongoing randomized trials and compare their consistency and prominence with those of final publications. They conclude that interim publication should be limited to protocol prespecified analyses performed when enough outcomes occurred for statistical stability and to scenarios least likely to undermine trial integrity.
AHRQ-funded; HS024075.
Citation: Woloshin S, Schwartz LM, Bagley PJ .
Characteristics of interim publications of randomized clinical trials and comparison with final publications.
JAMA 2018 Jan 23;319(4):404-06. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.20653.
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Keywords: Data, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Research Methodologies
Cohen KB, Goss FR, Zweigenbaum P
Translational morphosyntax: distribution of negation in clinical records and biomedical journal articles.
This paper describes the distribution of negation in two types of biomedical texts: scientific journal articles and progress notes. Two types of negation are examined: explicit negation at the syntactic level and affixal negation at the sub-word level. The data show that the distribution of negation is significantly different in the two document types.
AHRQ-funded; HS024541.
Citation: Cohen KB, Goss FR, Zweigenbaum P .
Translational morphosyntax: distribution of negation in clinical records and biomedical journal articles.
Stud Health Technol Inform 2017;245:346-50.
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Keywords: Data, Health Information Technology (HIT), Research Methodologies
Ji X, Machiraju R, Ritter A
Visualizing article similarities via sparsified article network and map projection for systematic reviews.
In this study, the authors visualized article similarities to extend its utilization in practical settings for SR researchers, aiming to promote human comprehension of article distributions and hidden patterns. To prompt an effective visualization in an interpretable, intuitive, and scalable way, they implemented a graph-based network visualization with three network sparsification approaches and a distance-based map projection via dimensionality reduction.
AHRQ-funded; HS025047.
Citation: Ji X, Machiraju R, Ritter A .
Visualizing article similarities via sparsified article network and map projection for systematic reviews.
Stud Health Technol Inform 2017;245:422-26.
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Keywords: Data, Evidence-Based Practice, Health Services Research (HSR), Research Methodologies
Wallace BC, Noel-Storr A, Marshall IJ
Identifying reports of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) via a hybrid machine learning and crowdsourcing approach.
Identifying all published reports of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is an important aim, but it requires extensive manual effort to separate RCTs from non-RCTs, even using current machine learning (ML) approaches. In this study, the investigators aimed to make this process more efficient via a hybrid approach using both crowdsourcing and ML.
AHRQ-funded; HS025024.
Citation: Wallace BC, Noel-Storr A, Marshall IJ .
Identifying reports of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) via a hybrid machine learning and crowdsourcing approach.
J Am Med Inform Assoc 2017 Nov 1;24(6):1165-68. doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocx053..
Keywords: Data, Research Methodologies
Angraal S, Ross JS, Dhruva SS
Merits of data sharing: The Digitalis Investigation Group Trial.
This letter discusses the merits of data sharing, such as its importance in maximizing what can be learned from clinical trials. The letter describes The DIG (Digitalis Investigation Group) trial as an ideal o assess the effects of data sharing.
AHRQ-funded; HS023000.
Citation: Angraal S, Ross JS, Dhruva SS .
Merits of data sharing: The Digitalis Investigation Group Trial.
J Am Coll Cardiol 2017 Oct 3;70(14):1825-27. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.07.786..
Keywords: Data, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Research Methodologies
Guise JM, Chang C, Butler M
AHRQ Author: Chang C
AHRQ series on complex intervention systematic reviews-paper 1: an introduction to a series of articles that provide guidance and tools for reviews of complex interventions.
The seven articles in this series reflect and distill the discussions from the in-person meeting and follow-up workgroups on tools and approaches to systematic reviews of complex interventions. The first three articles address how systematic reviews for complex interventions are conceptualized and operationalized for the protocol. The next two articles discuss how to choose appropriate analytic methods to implement analyses of complex interventions. The final two articles describe proposed reporting elements for systematic reviews of complex interventions.
AHRQ-authored; AHRQ-funded; 290201200004C; 290201200016I; 290201500011I.
Citation: Guise JM, Chang C, Butler M .
AHRQ series on complex intervention systematic reviews-paper 1: an introduction to a series of articles that provide guidance and tools for reviews of complex interventions.
J Clin Epidemiol 2017 Oct;90:6-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.06.011.
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Keywords: Data, Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines, Research Methodologies
Kelly MP, Noyes J, Kane RL
AHRQ Author: Chang C
AHRQ series on complex intervention systematic reviews-paper 2: defining complexity, formulating scope, and questions.
This paper builds on concepts introduced in paper 1 of this series. It describes the methodological, practical, and philosophical challenges and potential approaches for formulating the questions and scope of systematic reviews of complex interventions. Furthermore, it discusses the use of theory to help organize reviews of complex interventions.
AHRQ-authored; AHRQ-funded; 290-2012-00004-C; 290-2015-00008I; 290-2015-00011I.
Citation: Kelly MP, Noyes J, Kane RL .
AHRQ series on complex intervention systematic reviews-paper 2: defining complexity, formulating scope, and questions.
J Clin Epidemiol 2017 Oct;90:11-18. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.06.012.
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Keywords: Data, Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines, Research Methodologies
Viswanathan M, McPheeters ML, Murad MH
AHRQ series on complex intervention systematic reviews-paper 4: selecting analytic approaches.
This article addresses the uncertainty that systematic reviewers face in selecting methods for reviews of complex interventions. Specifically, it lays out parameters for systematic reviewers to consider when selecting analytic approaches that best answer the questions at hand and suggests analytic techniques that may be appropriate in different circumstances.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200004C.
Citation: Viswanathan M, McPheeters ML, Murad MH .
AHRQ series on complex intervention systematic reviews-paper 4: selecting analytic approaches.
J Clin Epidemiol 2017 Oct;90:28-36. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.06.014.
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Keywords: Data, Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines, Research Methodologies