National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
Latest available findings on quality of and access to health care
Data
- Data Infographics
- Data Visualizations
- Data Tools
- Data Innovations
- All-Payer Claims Database
- Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP)
- Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)
- AHRQ Quality Indicator Tools for Data Analytics
- State Snapshots
- United States Health Information Knowledgebase (USHIK)
- Data Sources Available from AHRQ
Search All Research Studies
Topics
- Brain Injury (1)
- Cancer (1)
- Cultural Competence (1)
- Data (1)
- Disparities (4)
- Evidence-Based Practice (1)
- Home Healthcare (1)
- Medicare (1)
- Outcomes (1)
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (2)
- Pregnancy (1)
- Prevention (1)
- (-) Racial and Ethnic Minorities (7)
- (-) Research Methodologies (7)
- Social Determinants of Health (2)
- U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
Sign up: AHRQ Research Studies Email updates
Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 7 of 7 Research Studies DisplayedLin JS, Hoffman L, Bean SI
Addressing racism in preventive services: methods report to support the US Preventive Services Task Force.
The purpose of this report was to articulate the definitional and conceptual issues around racism and health inequity and to describe how racism and health inequities are currently addressed in preventive health. An audit was conducted assessing published literature on policy and position statements addressing racism, a subset of cancer and cardiovascular topics in USPSTF reports, recent systematic reviews on interventions to reduce health inequities, and societies, organizations, agencies, and funding bodies to gather information about how they address racism and health equity. Findings showed that racism is complex and pervasive, operates at multiple interrelated levels, and exerts negative effects on other social determinants and health and well-being through multiple pathways. The most directly relevant and immediately useful guidance identified is that from the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) working group.
AHRQ-funded; 290201600006C.
Citation: Lin JS, Hoffman L, Bean SI .
Addressing racism in preventive services: methods report to support the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2021 Dec 21;326(23):2412-20. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.17579..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Social Determinants of Health, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Disparities, Research Methodologies, Prevention, Evidence-Based Practice
Sinclair KA, Muller C, Noonan C
Increasing health equity through biospecimen research: Identification of factors that influence willingness of Native Americans to donate biospecimens.
American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) people are underrepresented in biomedical research, particularly in biospecimen research, yet little research has been conducted to assess AI/AN attitudes about biospecimen donation. In this study, the researchers identified factors that influence willingness of Native Americans to donate biospecimens. Their results highlighted areas in which interventions could be developed to increase AI/AN donation of biospecimens for research with the ultimate goal of reducing health disparities.
AHRQ-funded; HS023576.
Citation: Sinclair KA, Muller C, Noonan C .
Increasing health equity through biospecimen research: Identification of factors that influence willingness of Native Americans to donate biospecimens.
Prev Med Rep 2021 Mar;21:101311. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101311..
Keywords: Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Research Methodologies
Cunningham-Erves J, Barajas C, Mayo-Gamble TL
Formative research to design a culturally-appropriate cancer clinical trial education program to increase participation of African American and Latino communities.
This study’s goal was to address knowledge deficiencies about cancer clinical trials and biospecimen donation that can potentially improve participation among racial and ethnic minorities. The researchers included community-based organization (CBO) leaders as research team members, conducted focus groups and cognitive interviews with community members as reviewers/consultants, and interacted with two community advisory groups. Five focus group themes were identified. A final program consisted of two versions (English and Spanish) of a culturally-appropriate slide presentation with speaker notes and videos that represent community member and researcher testimonials. It is hoped these findings will help promote cancer clinical trial participation among African Americans and Latinos.
AHRQ-funded; HS026122.
Citation: Cunningham-Erves J, Barajas C, Mayo-Gamble TL .
Formative research to design a culturally-appropriate cancer clinical trial education program to increase participation of African American and Latino communities.
BMC Public Health 2020 Jun 3;20(1):840. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-08939-4..
Keywords: Cancer, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Cultural Competence, Research Methodologies, Disparities
Jarrin OF, Nyandege AN, Grafova IB
Validity of race and ethnicity codes in Medicare administrative data compared with gold-standard self-reported race collected during routine home health care visits.
The authors compared the validity of two race/ethnicity variables found in Medicare administrative data against a gold-standard source also available in the Medicare data warehouse. They found that the race/ethnicity variables contained in Medicare administrative data for minority health disparities research can be improved through the use of self-reported race/ethnicity data. They conclude that future work to improve the accuracy of Medicare beneficiaries' race/ethnicity data should incorporate and augment the self-reported race/ethnicity data contained in assessment and survey data, available within the Medicare data warehouse.
AHRQ-funded; HS022406.
Citation: Jarrin OF, Nyandege AN, Grafova IB .
Validity of race and ethnicity codes in Medicare administrative data compared with gold-standard self-reported race collected during routine home health care visits.
Med Care 2020 Jan;58(1):e1-e8. doi: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000001216..
Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Home Healthcare, Medicare, Data, Disparities, Research Methodologies
Sander AM, Lequerica AH, Ketchum JM
Race/ethnicity and retention in traumatic brain injury outcomes research: a traumatic brain injury model systems national database study.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of race/ethnicity to retention in traumatic brain injury (TBI) research at 1 to 2 years postinjury. The findings emphasized the importance of investigating retention rates separately for blacks and Hispanics rather than combining them or grouping either with other races or ethnicities. The results also suggested the need for implementing procedures to increase retention of Hispanics in longitudinal TBI research.
AHRQ-funded; HS022134.
Citation: Sander AM, Lequerica AH, Ketchum JM .
Race/ethnicity and retention in traumatic brain injury outcomes research: a traumatic brain injury model systems national database study.
J Head Trauma Rehabil 2018 Jul/Aug;33(4):219-27. doi: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000395..
Keywords: Brain Injury, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Research Methodologies
Heerman WJ, Jackson N, Roumie CL
Recruitment methods for survey research: findings from the Mid-South Clinical Data Research Network.
The objective of this study was to report survey response rates and demographic characteristics of eight recruitment approaches to determine acceptability and effectiveness of large-scale patient recruitment among various populations. The study concluded that technology-enabled recruitment approaches such as registries and emails are effective for recruiting but may yield less racial/ethnic diversity compared to traditional, more time-intensive approaches.
AHRQ-funded; HS022990.
Citation: Heerman WJ, Jackson N, Roumie CL .
Recruitment methods for survey research: findings from the Mid-South Clinical Data Research Network.
Contemp Clin Trials 2017 Nov;62:50-55. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2017.08.006..
Keywords: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Research Methodologies, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Social Determinants of Health
Goff SL, Youssef Y, Pekow PS
Successful strategies for practice-based recruitment of racial and ethnic minority pregnant women in a randomized controlled trial: the IDEAS for a healthy baby study.
The authors used strategies grounded in a health equity framework to address barriers to recruitment and retention in three domains: preparation, process, and patient-centeredness in the IDEAS (Information, Description, Education, Assistance, and Support) for a Healthy Baby study. They achieved higher recruitment (87.1 %) and retention rates (97.3 %) than anticipated, concluding that others seeking to recruit racial and ethnic minority pregnant women in similar settings may find the preparation, process, and patient-centered strategies used in this study applicable for their own studies.
AHRQ-funded; HS021864; HS021879.
Citation: Goff SL, Youssef Y, Pekow PS .
Successful strategies for practice-based recruitment of racial and ethnic minority pregnant women in a randomized controlled trial: the IDEAS for a healthy baby study.
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2016 Dec;3(4):731-37. doi: 10.1007/s40615-015-0192-x.
.
.
Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Pregnancy, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Research Methodologies