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Search All Research Studies
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- Adverse Events (1)
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- Children/Adolescents (1)
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- (-) Prevention (11)
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 11 of 11 Research Studies DisplayedPennington KM, Dykhoff HJ, Yao X
The impact of antifungal prophylaxis in lung transplant recipients.
This study evaluated the effect of antifungal prophylaxis on all-cause mortality and invasive fungal infections (IFI) on lung transplant recipients. Administrative claims data was used to identify adult patients who underwent lung transplantation between 2005 and 2018. The authors identified 662 lung transplant recipients. All-cause mortality was found to be significantly lower in those receiving antifungal prophylaxis compared to those who did not. Patients receiving antifungal prophylaxis also had a lower rate of IFI, but it was not statistically significant.
AHRQ-funded; HS025164; HS025402; HS025517; HS024075.
Citation: Pennington KM, Dykhoff HJ, Yao X .
The impact of antifungal prophylaxis in lung transplant recipients.
Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021 Mar;18(3):468-76. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.202003-267OC..
Keywords: Transplantation, Surgery, Medication, Prevention, Respiratory Conditions, Mortality, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Evidence-Based Practice
Fleischer DM, Chan ES, Venter C
A consensus approach to the primary prevention of food allergy through nutrition: guidance from the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology; American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology; and the Canadian Society for Allergy and Clinical
This paper provides a consensus approach to the primary prevention of pediatric food allergy through nutrition using data from a number of high-impact randomized controlled trials. Recommendations from the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, and the Canadian Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology are to introduce peanut and egg around age 6 months, but not before 4 months as well as introducing other allergens. Maternal exclusion of allergens during pregnancy and/or breastfeeding to prevent food allergy is not recommended. No association was found between exclusive breast-feeding and the primary prevention of any specific food allergy.
AHRQ-funded; HS024599.
Citation: Fleischer DM, Chan ES, Venter C .
A consensus approach to the primary prevention of food allergy through nutrition: guidance from the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology; American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology; and the Canadian Society for Allergy and Clinical
J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2021 Jan;9(1):22-43.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.11.002..
Keywords: Asthma, Respiratory Conditions, Prevention, Guidelines, Evidence-Based Practice
Lee BY, Bartsch SM, Ferguson MC
The value of decreasing the duration of the infectious period of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.
Researchers developed a computational model of the U.S. simulating the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and the potential clinical and economic impact of reducing the infectious period duration. They reported that their study quantifies the potential effects of reducing the SARS-CoV-2 infectious period duration.
AHRQ-funded; HS023317.
Citation: Lee BY, Bartsch SM, Ferguson MC .
The value of decreasing the duration of the infectious period of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.
PLoS Comput Biol 2021 Jan;17(1):e1008470. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008470..
Keywords: COVID-19, Respiratory Conditions, Public Health, Prevention, Infectious Diseases
Chou R, Dana T, Jungbauer R
Masks for prevention of respiratory virus infections, including SARS-CoV-2, in health care and community settings : a living rapid review.
This study examined the effectiveness of N95, surgical, and cloth masks in community and health care settings for preventing respiratory virus infections, including coronavirus. The effects of reuse or extended use of N95 masks was also studied. The authors used multiple electronic databases, including the World Health Organization COVID-19 database and medRxiv preprint server (2003 through 2020), and reference lists. Randomized trials of masks and risks for respiratory virus infection were included. The studies were abstracted and methodological limitations were assessed by one reviewer, with a second reviewer providing verification. Thirty-nine studies with 33,867 participants were included. No studies were found that evaluated reuse or extended use of N95 masks. The studies showed that COVID-19 and MERS probably decreased with use versus nonuse and possibly decreased with N95 versus surgical mask use. Random trials in community settings found not much difference between N95 versus surgical masks. The studies’ findings were not definitive.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500009I.
Citation: Chou R, Dana T, Jungbauer R .
Masks for prevention of respiratory virus infections, including SARS-CoV-2, in health care and community settings : a living rapid review.
Ann Intern Med 2020 Oct 6;173(7):542-55. doi: 10.7326/m20-3213..
Keywords: COVID-19, Respiratory Conditions, Infectious Diseases, Prevention, Public Health, Evidence-Based Practice
Wheatley LM, Wood R, Nadeau K
Mind the gaps: clinical trial concepts to address unanswered questions in aeroallergen immunotherapy-an NIAID/AHRQ workshop.
A joint AHRQ and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAAD) workshop was held to develop trial concepts that could improve the use and effectiveness of aeroallergen immunotherapy (AAIT). Four different expert groups were formed to propose different study designs. These study designs would create clinical trials of long duration and would need highly characterized patient populations.
AHRQ-funded; 290200710061I.
Citation: Wheatley LM, Wood R, Nadeau K .
Mind the gaps: clinical trial concepts to address unanswered questions in aeroallergen immunotherapy-an NIAID/AHRQ workshop.
J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019 May;143(5):1711-26. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.01.032..
Keywords: Asthma, Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice, Prevention, Research Methodologies, Respiratory Conditions
Wiese AD, Griffin MR, Grijalva CG
Impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on hospitalizations for pneumonia in the United States.
In this study, the investigators described the existing evidence for both the direct and indirect impact of Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) on pneumonia among children and adults in the US since PCV introduction. The introduction of PCVs into the US routine infant vaccination schedule led to important reductions in the burden of invasive pneumococcal diseases and non-invasive pneumonia among vaccinated and unvaccinated populations. The impact of direct vaccination of older adults in the US since 2014, though difficult to quantify, is currently being evaluated.
AHRQ-funded; HS022342.
Citation: Wiese AD, Griffin MR, Grijalva CG .
Impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on hospitalizations for pneumonia in the United States.
Expert Rev Vaccines 2019 Apr;18(4):327-41. doi: 10.1080/14760584.2019.1582337..
Keywords: Vaccination, Pneumonia, Respiratory Conditions, Hospitalization, Prevention
Wu P, Escobar GJ, Gebretsadik T
Effectiveness of respiratory syncytial virus immunoprophylaxis in reducing bronchiolitis hospitalizations among high-risk infants.
This retrospective cohort study examined the effectiveness of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prophylaxis for infants born between 1996 and 2008. The infants were enrolled in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California integrated health system. Infants who ever received RSV immunoprophylaxis had a 32% decreased risk of bronchiolitis hospitalization and finants with chronic lung disease (CLD) had a 52% decreased risk. The 2014 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines changed recommendations for RSV immunoprophylaxis which made 48% of infants no longer eligible but nearly all infants with CLD would remain eligible.
AHRQ-funded; HS018454.
Citation: Wu P, Escobar GJ, Gebretsadik T .
Effectiveness of respiratory syncytial virus immunoprophylaxis in reducing bronchiolitis hospitalizations among high-risk infants.
Am J Epidemiol 2018 Jul;187(7):1490-500. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwy008..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice, Hospitalization, Newborns/Infants, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Prevention, Respiratory Conditions, Risk
Goto T, Faridi MK, Camargo CA
The association of aspirin use with severity of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a retrospective cohort study.
The researchers hypothesized that, in patients hospitalized for acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD), long-term aspirin use is associated with lower risks of disease severity (in-hospital death, mechanical ventilation use, and hospital length-of-stay). They found that in patients with AECOPD, aspirin use was associated with lower rates of in-hospital mortality and invasive mechanical ventilation use, and shorter length-of-stay.
AHRQ-funded; HS023305.
Citation: Goto T, Faridi MK, Camargo CA .
The association of aspirin use with severity of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a retrospective cohort study.
NPJ Prim Care Respir Med 2018 Feb 21;28(1):7. doi: 10.1038/s41533-018-0074-x.
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Keywords: Respiratory Conditions, Medication, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Prevention
Albright K, Hurley LP, Lockhart S
Attitudes about adult vaccines and reminder/recall in a safety net population.
The objective of this study was to determine patient perspectives on adult vaccines generally; attitudes about Tdap, pneumococcal polysaccharide (PPSV-23), and seasonal influenza vaccines specifically; and preferences for adult reminder/recall delivery.
AHRQ-funded; HS022648.
Citation: Albright K, Hurley LP, Lockhart S .
Attitudes about adult vaccines and reminder/recall in a safety net population.
Vaccine 2017 Dec 19;35(52):7292-96. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.11.001..
Keywords: Influenza, Pneumonia, Vaccination, Prevention, Respiratory Conditions
Costa DK, White MR, Ginier E
Identifying barriers to delivering the awakening and breathing coordination, delirium, and early exercise/mobility bundle to minimize adverse outcomes for mechanically ventilated patients: a systematic review.
The purpose of this review was to identify and catalog the barriers to the Awakening and Breathing Coordination, Delirium, and Early exercise/mobility bundle (ABCDE) delivery based on a widely used implementation framework, and to provide a resource to guide clinicians in overcoming barriers to implementation. It provides the first, to the authors’ knowledge, systematic differential diagnosis of barriers to ABCDE delivery, moving beyond the conventional focus on patient-level factors.
AHRQ-funded; HS024552.
Citation: Costa DK, White MR, Ginier E .
Identifying barriers to delivering the awakening and breathing coordination, delirium, and early exercise/mobility bundle to minimize adverse outcomes for mechanically ventilated patients: a systematic review.
Chest 2017 Aug;152(2):304-11. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2017.03.054.
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Keywords: Respiratory Conditions, Adverse Events, Prevention, Outcomes
Muray MT, Jackson O, Cohen B
Impact of infection prevention and control initiatives on acute respiratory infections in a pediatric long-term care facility.
Researchers evaluated the collective impact of several infection prevention and control initiatives aimed at reducing acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in a pediatric long-term care facility. ARIs did not decrease overall, though the proportion of infections associated with outbreaks and average number of cases per outbreak decreased. Influenza rates decreased significantly.
AHRQ-funded; HS021470.
Citation: Muray MT, Jackson O, Cohen B .
Impact of infection prevention and control initiatives on acute respiratory infections in a pediatric long-term care facility.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016 Jul;37(7):859-62. doi: 10.1017/ice.2016.73.
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Keywords: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Children/Adolescents, Long-Term Care, Prevention, Respiratory Conditions