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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
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1 to 8 of 8 Research Studies DisplayedAlagoz O, Lowry KP, Kurian AW
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on breast cancer mortality in the US: estimates from collaborative simulation modeling.
This study’s objective was to project the impact of COVID-19 on future breast cancer mortality between 2020 and 2030. Three established Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network breast cancer models were used to model reductions in mammography screening use, delays in symptomatic cancer diagnosis, and reduced use of chemotherapy for women with early-stage disease for the first 6 months of the pandemic with return to prepandemic patterns after that time. The models project by 2030 950 cumulative excess breast cancers deaths related to reduced screening, 1314 deaths associated with delayed diagnosis of symptomatic cases, and 151 deaths associated with reduced chemotherapy use in women with hormone positive, early-stage cancer.
AHRQ-funded; HS018366.
Citation: Alagoz O, Lowry KP, Kurian AW .
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on breast cancer mortality in the US: estimates from collaborative simulation modeling.
J Natl Cancer Inst 2021 Nov 2;113(11):1484-94. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djab097..
Keywords: COVID-19, Cancer: Breast Cancer, Cancer, Mortality, Women
Garcia-Albeniz X, Hernan MA, Logan RW
Continuation of annual screening mammography and breast cancer mortality in women older than 70 years.
This study examined whether discontinuing annual mammography screening in women older than 70 years results in an increased 8-year breast cancer mortality. The researchers used data from the Medicare program and looked at over 1 million beneficiaries aged 70 to 84 who had no previous breast cancer diagnosis, and who underwent screening mammography from 2000 to 20008. The 8-year risk difference for women aged 70 to 74 years was -1.0 death per 1000 women and for women aged 75 to 84 years it was 0.07. Neither of these show substantial reductions in 8-year breast cancer mortality compared with stopping screening.
AHRQ-funded; HS023128.
Citation: Garcia-Albeniz X, Hernan MA, Logan RW .
Continuation of annual screening mammography and breast cancer mortality in women older than 70 years.
Ann Intern Med 2020 Mar 17;172(6):381-89. doi: 10.7326/m18-1199..
Keywords: Cancer: Breast Cancer, Cancer, Screening, Prevention, Women, Elderly, Mortality
Bateni SB, Davidson AJ, Arora M
Is breast-conserving therapy appropriate for male breast cancer patients? A national cancer database analysis.
The purpose of this study was to compare overall survival rates among male breast cancer patients who underwent breast-conserving therapy (BCT) versus mastectomy. A retrospective analysis identified 8445 stage I-II male breast cancer patients from the National Cancer Database and grouped them according to surgical and radiation therapy (RT). Most of the patients underwent total mastectomy, while 18.2% underwent BCT, 12.4% underwent total mastectomy with RT, and 8.2% underwent partial mastectomy alone. Partial mastectomy alone, total mastectomy alone, and total mastectomy with RT were associated with worse overall survival rates compared with BCT. The authors conclude that BCT is associated with greater survival, but the underlying mechanisms of this association warrant further study.
AHRQ-funded; HS022236.
Citation: Bateni SB, Davidson AJ, Arora M .
Is breast-conserving therapy appropriate for male breast cancer patients? A national cancer database analysis.
Ann Surg Oncol 2019 Jul;26(7):2144-53. doi: 10.1245/s10434-019-07159-4..
Keywords: Cancer, Cancer: Breast Cancer, Decision Making, Mortality, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Farias AJ, Du XL
Racial differences in adjuvant endocrine therapy use and discontinuation in association with mortality among Medicare breast cancer patients by receptor status.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether racial/ethnic differences in use and discontinuation of adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) differed by hormone receptor status and whether discontinuation was associated with mortality. There are racial/ethnic differences in AET use and discontinuation. Discontinuing treatment was associated with higher risk of all-cause and cancer-specific mortality regardless of hormone receptor status.
AHRQ-funded; HS018956.
Citation: Farias AJ, Du XL .
Racial differences in adjuvant endocrine therapy use and discontinuation in association with mortality among Medicare breast cancer patients by receptor status.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017 Aug;26(8):1266-75. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-0280.
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Keywords: Cancer: Breast Cancer, Disparities, Elderly, Mortality, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Pruitt SL, Tiro JA, Xuan L
Hispanic and immigrant paradoxes in U.S. breast cancer mortality: impact of neighborhood poverty and Hispanic density.
The researchers tested the Hispanic and Immigrant Paradoxes-i.e., survival advantages despite a worse risk factor profile-and the modifying role of neighborhood context. They found no evidence of an Immigrant Paradox and some evidence of a Hispanic Paradox where protective effects were limited to U.S.-born Hispanics. Contrary to prior studies, foreign birthplace and residence in higher Hispanic density neighborhoods were associated with increased mortality.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Pruitt SL, Tiro JA, Xuan L .
Hispanic and immigrant paradoxes in U.S. breast cancer mortality: impact of neighborhood poverty and Hispanic density.
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2016 Dec 14;13(12):E1238. doi: 10.3390/ijerph13121238.
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Keywords: Cancer: Breast Cancer, Low-Income, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Mortality, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Ning J, Peng S, Ueno N
Has racial difference in cause-specific death improved in older patients with late-stage breast cancer?
The researchers evaluated factors associated with overall, breast cancer-specific and other-cause mortalities using contemporary population data. They concluded that breast cancer-specific mortality among older women modestly improved from 2002 to 2009 across all races, but not other-cause mortality. Racial disparity in mortality persisted, but did not widen in this period.
AHRQ-funded; HS002026.
Citation: Ning J, Peng S, Ueno N .
Has racial difference in cause-specific death improved in older patients with late-stage breast cancer?
Ann Oncol 2015 Oct;26(10):2161-8. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdv330.
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Keywords: Cancer, Cancer: Breast Cancer, Elderly, Mortality, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Rust G, Zhang S, Malhotra K
Paths to health equity: local area variation in progress toward eliminating breast cancer mortality disparities, 1990-2009.
The researchers examined county-level, age-adjusted breast cancer mortality rates for women who were 35 to 74 years old during the period of 1989-2010. They found that more than half of the counties (54%) showed persistent, unchanging disparities. Roughly 1 in 4 (24%) had a divergent pattern of worsening black/white disparities.
AHRQ-funded; HS022444.
Citation: Rust G, Zhang S, Malhotra K .
Paths to health equity: local area variation in progress toward eliminating breast cancer mortality disparities, 1990-2009.
Cancer 2015 Aug 15;121(16):2765-74. doi: 10.1002/cncr.29405..
Keywords: Cancer: Breast Cancer, Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Mortality, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Pruitt SL, Lee SJ, Tiro JA
Residential racial segregation and mortality among black, white, and Hispanic urban breast cancer patients in Texas, 1995 to 2009.
The authors investigated whether residential segregation was associated with mortality among urban women with breast cancer. They found that greater black segregation and Hispanic segregation were adversely associated with cause-specific mortality and all-cause mortality.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Pruitt SL, Lee SJ, Tiro JA .
Residential racial segregation and mortality among black, white, and Hispanic urban breast cancer patients in Texas, 1995 to 2009.
Cancer 2015 Jun 1;121(11):1845-55. doi: 10.1002/cncr.29282..
Keywords: Cancer: Breast Cancer, Mortality, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Urban Health