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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 7 of 7 Research Studies DisplayedCheng TL, Mistry KB
AHRQ Author: Mistry KB
Clarity on disparity: who, what, when, where, why, and how.
This purpose of this article was to explain a comprehensive framework of health disparities descriptors that can offer a systematic approach to advance the understanding of causes of health disparities and facilitate action steps to ensure health equity.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Cheng TL, Mistry KB .
Clarity on disparity: who, what, when, where, why, and how.
Pediatr Clin North Am 2023 Aug; 70(4):639-50. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2023.03.003..
Keywords: Disparities, Social Determinants of Health, Newborns/Infants, Mortality, Health Status, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Access to Care
Angraal S, Mortazavi BJ, Gupta A
Machine learning prediction of mortality and hospitalization in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
This study developed models to predict the risk of death and hospitalization in patients with heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Data was used from the TOPCAT (Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure with an Aldosterone Antagonist) clinical trial. Five methods: logistic regression with a forward selection of variables; logistic regression with a lasso regularization for variable selection; random forest (RF); gradient descent boosting; and support vector machine, were used to train models for assessing risks of mortality and HF hospitalization through 3 years of follow-up and were validated using 5-fold cross-validation. RF was found to be the best performing model for predicting mortality and HF hospitalization. Blood urea nitrogen levels, body mass index, and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) subscale scores were strongly associated with mortality, while hemoglobin level, blood urea nitrogen, time since previous HF hospitalization, and KCCQ scores were the most significant predictors of HF hospitalization.
AHRQ-funded; HS023000.
Citation: Angraal S, Mortazavi BJ, Gupta A .
Machine learning prediction of mortality and hospitalization in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
JACC Heart Fail 2020 Jan;8(1):12-21. doi: 10.1016/j.jchf.2019.06.013..
Keywords: Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Mortality, Hospitalization, Risk, Health Status, Health Information Technology (HIT)
Angraal S, Gupta A, Khera R
Association of access to exercise opportunities and cardiovascular mortality.
The purpose of this study is to examine the patterns of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in varying degrees of access within the U.S. at the county level. The results indicate that access to exercise opportunities has a significant association with adjusted CVD mortality--higher access correlates with lower CVD mortality. Counties that have lower access to exercise facilities show a higher prevalence of obesity and diabetes in comparison with counties that have higher access. States with fewer people living in close proximity to a park have higher percentage of people who do not engage in any leisure physical activity. These results suggest means by which opportunities to increase access may be developed.
AHRQ-funded; HS023000.
Citation: Angraal S, Gupta A, Khera R .
Association of access to exercise opportunities and cardiovascular mortality.
Am Heart J 2019 Jun;212:152-56. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2019.02.010..
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Health Status, Mortality, Social Determinants of Health
Ogarek JA, McCreedy EM, Thomas KS
Minimum data set changes in health, end-stage disease and symptoms and signs scale: a revised measure to predict mortality in nursing home residents.
The purpose of this study was to revise the Minimum Data Set (MDS) Changes in Health, End-stage disease and Symptoms and Signs (CHESS) scale, an MDS 2.0-based measure widely used to predict mortality in institutional settings, in response to the release of MDS 3.0. The MDS-CHESS 3.0 predicts mortality in newly admitted and long-stay nursing home populations. The additional relationship to hospitalizations and successful discharges to community increases the utility of this scale as a potential risk adjustment tool.
AHRQ-funded; HS000011.
Citation: Ogarek JA, McCreedy EM, Thomas KS .
Minimum data set changes in health, end-stage disease and symptoms and signs scale: a revised measure to predict mortality in nursing home residents.
J Am Geriatr Soc 2018 May;66(5):976-81. doi: 10.1111/jgs.15305..
Keywords: Decision Making, Elderly, Health Status, Mortality, Nursing Homes
Park JS, Bateni SB, Bold RJ
The modified frailty index to predict morbidity and mortality for retroperitoneal sarcoma resections.
The researchers performed a retrospective analysis of patients with a diagnosis of primary malignant retroperitoneal neoplasm who underwent surgical resection. The modified frailty index (mFI) was calculated according to standard published methods. Their data demonstrate that the majority of patients undergoing retroperitoneal sarcoma resections have few, if any, comorbidities. The mFI was a limited predictor of overall and serious complications and was not a significant predictor of mortality.
AHRQ-funded; HS022236.
Citation: Park JS, Bateni SB, Bold RJ .
The modified frailty index to predict morbidity and mortality for retroperitoneal sarcoma resections.
J Surg Res 2017 Sep;217:191-97. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2017.05.025.
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Keywords: Cancer, Elderly, Health Status, Mortality, Risk
Roth JA, Goulart BH, Ravelo A
Survival gains from first-line systemic therapy in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer in the U.S., 1990-2015: progress and opportunities.
The objectives of this study were to quantify survival gains from 1990, when best supportive care only was standard, to 2015 and to estimate the impact of expanded use of new systemic therapies in clinically appropriate patients. By using simulation modeling to quantify metastatic non-small cell lung cancer survival gains from 1990-2015, the researchers estimated that the one-year survival proportion and mean per-patient survival increased by 14.1 percent and 4.2 months, respectively.
AHRQ-funded; HS022982.
Citation: Roth JA, Goulart BH, Ravelo A .
Survival gains from first-line systemic therapy in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer in the U.S., 1990-2015: progress and opportunities.
Oncologist 2017 Mar;22(3):304-10. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2016-0253.
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Keywords: Treatments, Health Status, Cancer: Lung Cancer, Mortality, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Koroukian SM, Warner DF, Owusu C
Multimorbidity redefined: prospective health outcomes and the cumulative effect of co-occurring conditions.
The researchers explored the prospective effects of multimorbidity on health outcomes (health status, major health decline, and mortality). They found a strong and significant association between multimorbidity and prospective health status, major health decline, and mortality and concluded that multimorbidity may be used — both in clinical practice and in research — to identify older adults with heightened vulnerability for adverse outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; HS023113.
Citation: Koroukian SM, Warner DF, Owusu C .
Multimorbidity redefined: prospective health outcomes and the cumulative effect of co-occurring conditions.
Prev Chronic Dis 2015 Apr 23;12:E55. doi: 10.5888/pcd12.140478..
Keywords: Outcomes, Health Status, Mortality, Elderly