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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1501 to 1525 of 1681 Research Studies DisplayedDavidoff AJ, Hendrick FB, Zeidan AM
AHRQ Author: Davidoff AJ
Patient cost sharing and receipt of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents through Medicare part D.
This study examined use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) to manage anemia in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). It found that few patients with MDS received ESAs through Part D. OOP payments required under Part D were substantially higher than under Part B. Cost sharing, as reflected by low-income subsidy receipt, likely affected decisions to prescribe ESAs outside of the physician office.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Davidoff AJ, Hendrick FB, Zeidan AM .
Patient cost sharing and receipt of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents through Medicare part D.
J Oncol Pract 2015 Mar;11(2):e190-8. doi: 10.1200/jop.2014.001527..
Keywords: Elderly, Healthcare Costs, Medicare, Medication
Ragsdale L, Zhong W, Morrison W
Pediatric exposure to opioid and sedation medications during terminal hospitalizations in the United States, 2007-2011.
The researchers conducted a retrospective study in which they examined the prescribing patterns of opioid and sedation medications among 37,459 children who died in 430 hospitals in the US 2007-2011. Their study reveals an overall high prevalence of exposure to opioid and sedation medications among pediatric terminal hospitalizations, yet with slightly less than one-half of patients receiving both opioids and sedatives daily near the end of life.
AHRQ-funded; HS018425.
Citation: Ragsdale L, Zhong W, Morrison W .
Pediatric exposure to opioid and sedation medications during terminal hospitalizations in the United States, 2007-2011.
J Pediatr 2015 Mar;166(3):587-93.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.10.017..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Hospitalization, Medication, Opioids, Pain, Palliative Care
Wellman BR, Frail CK, Zillich AJ
Pharmacists' experiences with a telephonic medication therapy management program for home health care patients.
This qualitative study involved interviewing four pharmacists on their experiences with a telephone medication therapy management (MTM) program. Several themes emerged from the analysis, including: communication and relationships, coordinating care and patient self-management, logistics, professional fulfillment, service delivery and content, and training opportunities. The researchers concluded that their study provides possible strategies to overcome barriers and facilitate service provision for future telephonic MTM services.
AHRQ-funded; HS022119.
Citation: Wellman BR, Frail CK, Zillich AJ .
Pharmacists' experiences with a telephonic medication therapy management program for home health care patients.
Consult Pharm 2015 Mar;30(3):163-74. doi: 10.4140/TCP.n.2015.163..
Keywords: Home Healthcare, Medication, Provider: Pharmacist, Patient Self-Management
Hansen RA, Voils CI, Farley JF
Prescriber continuity and medication adherence for complex patients.
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between number of prescribers, number of conditions, and refill adherence to oral medications among 7,933 veterans who were identified with 1 to 4 cardiometabolic conditions: diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and/or heart failure. It found that for veterans taking antihypertensive or lipid-lowering medications, having more prescribers involved in care modestly decreased the likelihood of being adherent.
AHRQ-funded; HS019445.
Citation: Hansen RA, Voils CI, Farley JF .
Prescriber continuity and medication adherence for complex patients.
Ann Pharmacother 2015 Mar;49(3):293-302. doi: 10.1177/1060028014563266..
Keywords: Patient Adherence/Compliance, Medication, Chronic Conditions
Davidoff AJ, Miller GE, Sarpong EM
AHRQ Author: Miller GE, Sarpong EM
Prevalence of potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults using the 2012 Beers criteria.
The purpose of this study was to use the most recently available population-based data to estimate potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) prevalence under the 2012 update of the Beers list of PIMs and to provide a benchmark from which to measure future changes. It found that despite the overall high use of PIMs, there has been a decline observed in recent years.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Davidoff AJ, Miller GE, Sarpong EM .
Prevalence of potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults using the 2012 Beers criteria.
J Am Geriatr Soc 2015 Mar;63(3):486-500. doi: 10.1111/jgs.13320..
Keywords: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), Medication, Elderly
Garfield LD, Brown DS, Allaire BT
Psychotropic drug use among preschool children in the Medicaid program from 36 states.
The researchers examined utilization of the most commonly used psychotropic medications among children aged 4 years and younger. They determined the prevalence of and indications for psychotropic medication among preschool children in Medicaid. Their study found that preschoolers are receiving psychotropic medications despite limited evidence supporting safety or efficacy. Medications for attention-deficit disorder/attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder treatment were most common.
AHRQ-funded; HS020269.
Citation: Garfield LD, Brown DS, Allaire BT .
Psychotropic drug use among preschool children in the Medicaid program from 36 states.
Am J Public Health 2015 Mar;105(3):524-9. doi: 10.2105/ajph.2014.302258..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Medication, Medicaid, Behavioral Health
Marcum ZA, Driessen J, Thorpe CT
Regional variation in use of a new class of antidiabetic medication among Medicare beneficiaries: the case of incretin mimetics.
After incretin mimetic medications (IMs), a new class of diabetes drugs, were introduced in 2005, researchers examining their use as well as their cost implications for Medicare Part D between 2005 and 2010 found substantial geographic variation existing in their use that was not accounted for by sociodemographic and health status factors. Also, IM use was associated with substantially greater costs for Part D plans and beneficiaries.
AHRQ-funded; HS018721.
Citation: Marcum ZA, Driessen J, Thorpe CT .
Regional variation in use of a new class of antidiabetic medication among Medicare beneficiaries: the case of incretin mimetics.
Ann Pharmacother 2015 Mar;49(3):285-92. doi: 10.1177/1060028014563951..
Keywords: Medication, Diabetes, Medicare
Blumenthal KG, Wickner PG, Lau JJ
Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: a cross-sectional analysis of patients in an integrated allergy repository of a large health care system.
The researchers aimed to determine the prevalence of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) among patients in a large health system by searching an electronic allergy repository and to evaluate demographic, allergy, and allergen characteristics of this population. They identified a prevalence of 375 patients per million for STS or TEN.
AHRQ-funded; HS022728.
Citation: Blumenthal KG, Wickner PG, Lau JJ .
Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: a cross-sectional analysis of patients in an integrated allergy repository of a large health care system.
J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2015 Mar-Apr;3(2):277-80.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2014.10.002..
Keywords: Medication, Patient Safety
Daubresse M, Alexander GC
The uphill battle facing antiobesity drugs.
The authors argue that the barriers faced by individual anorectic products belie larger regulatory and clinical challenges to their mainstream adoption, and contribute to the irony that despite American’s penchant for high rates of pharmaceutical use, obesity drugs have fared remarkably poorly in the market.
AHRQ-funded; HS0189960.
Citation: Daubresse M, Alexander GC .
The uphill battle facing antiobesity drugs.
Int J Obes 2015 Mar;39(3):377-8. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2014.169..
Keywords: Obesity, Medication, Obesity: Weight Management, Policy
Zhang Y, Baik SH, Newhouse JP
Use of intelligent assignment to Medicare Part D plans for people with schizophrenia could produce substantial savings.
The investigators simulated Medicare Part D savings from replacing random assignment with an "intelligent assignment" algorithm that would assign beneficiaries to the least expensive plan in 2010 based on their drug usage in the previous year. They found that intelligent assignment could have saved about $150 million for Medicare and beneficiaries with schizophrenia combined in 2010.
AHRQ-funded; HS018657.
Citation: Zhang Y, Baik SH, Newhouse JP .
Use of intelligent assignment to Medicare Part D plans for people with schizophrenia could produce substantial savings.
Health Aff 2015 Mar;34(3):455-60. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2014.1227.
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Keywords: Healthcare Costs, Medicare, Medication, Behavioral Health
Snyder ME, Pater KS, Frail CK
Utility of a brief screening tool for medication-related problems.
The objective of this study was to estimate the psychometric properties of a brief self-administered scale as a screening tool for medication-related problems (MRPs). Its findings suggest scores on the nine-item scale are a statistically significant, although fairly modest, predictor of MRPs when controlling for other significant predictors of problems.
AHRQ-funded; HS022119.
Citation: Snyder ME, Pater KS, Frail CK .
Utility of a brief screening tool for medication-related problems.
Res Social Adm Pharm 2015 Mar-Apr;11(2):253-64. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2014.08.005..
Keywords: Care Management, Community-Based Practice, Medication, Provider: Pharmacist, Screening
Schroeder MC, Robinson JG, Chapman CG
Use of statins by Medicare beneficiaries post myocardial infarction: poor physician quality or patient-centered care?
This study assessed whether patterns of statin use by Medicare beneficiaries post-discharge may be due to a mix of high-quality and low-quality physicians. It found that the distribution of statin fill rates across physicians was normal, with no clear distinctions in physician quality. Physicians, especially cardiologists, with relatively younger and healthier patient populations had higher rates of statin use.
AHRQ-funded; HS019574.
Citation: Schroeder MC, Robinson JG, Chapman CG .
Use of statins by Medicare beneficiaries post myocardial infarction: poor physician quality or patient-centered care?
Inquiry 2015 Feb 27;52. doi: 10.1177/0046958015571131..
Keywords: Care Management, Medication, Heart Disease and Health, Medicare, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Practice Patterns
Samwald M, Minarro Gimenez JA, Boyce RD
Pharmacogenomic knowledge representation, reasoning and genome-based clinical decision support based on OWL 2 DL ontologies.
The authors developed Web Ontology Language (OWL) ontologies and automated reasoning methodologies to meet various goals such as providing a simple and concise formalism for representing pharmacogenomic knowledge. Their ontology-based framework can be used to represent, organize and reason over the growing wealth of pharmacogenomic knowledge, as well as to identify errors, inconsistencies and insufficient definitions in source data sets or individual patient data.
AHRQ-funded; HS019461.
Citation: Samwald M, Minarro Gimenez JA, Boyce RD .
Pharmacogenomic knowledge representation, reasoning and genome-based clinical decision support based on OWL 2 DL ontologies.
BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2015 Feb 22;15:12. doi: 10.1186/s12911-015-0130-1..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Health Information Technology (HIT), Decision Making, Medication, Genetics
Linder JA
Sore throat: avoid overcomplicating the uncomplicated.
In this editorial, the author described issues involving sore throat diagnosis and delineated various points concerning an article within the same journal issue, concluding that physicians should remember that the prevalence of group A streptococcus in adults with a sore throat is approximately 10%; and that they should use the Centor scoring criteria; selectively use rapid antigen-detection testing; limit antibiotic treatment to patients most likely to have group A streptococcus; and most of the time when prescribing antibiotics, use penicillin.
AHRQ-funded; HS018419.
Citation: Linder JA .
Sore throat: avoid overcomplicating the uncomplicated.
Ann Intern Med 2015 Feb 17;162(4):311-2. doi: 10.7326/m14-2899.
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Keywords: Antibiotics, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Infectious Diseases, Medication, Pneumonia, Respiratory Conditions, Practice Patterns
Chou R, Turner JA, Devine EB
The effectiveness and risks of long-term opioid therapy for chronic pain: a systematic review for a National Institutes of Health Pathways to Prevention Workshop.
This systematic review evaluated evidence on the effectiveness and harms of long-term (more than 3 months) opiod therapy for chronic pain in adults. It concluded that evidence is insufficient to determine the effectiveness of this therapy for improving chronic pain and function.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200014I
Citation: Chou R, Turner JA, Devine EB .
The effectiveness and risks of long-term opioid therapy for chronic pain: a systematic review for a National Institutes of Health Pathways to Prevention Workshop.
Ann Intern Med. 2015 Feb 17;162(4):276-86. doi: 10.7326/M14-2559..
Keywords: Chronic Conditions, Comparative Effectiveness, Medication, Opioids, Outcomes, Pain, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Allen LaPointe NM, Dai D, Thomas L
Antiarrhythmic drug use in patients <65 years with atrial fibrillation and without structural heart disease.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of class Ic and class III antiarrhythmic drugs (AAD) in clinical practice in younger patients with atrial fibrillation (AF)but without either concomitant coronary artery disease (CAD) or heart failure. The researchers found a high use of amiodarone that may be inconsistent with guideline recommendations, rapid adoption of dronedarone, and a very high rate of AAD change and discontinuation in the first year after AAD initiation.
AHRQ-funded; HS021092.
Citation: Allen LaPointe NM, Dai D, Thomas L .
Antiarrhythmic drug use in patients <65 years with atrial fibrillation and without structural heart disease.
Am J Cardiol 2015 Feb 1;115(3):316-22. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2014.11.005..
Keywords: Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Medication
Gibbons RD, Coca Perraillon M, Hur K
Antidepressant treatment and suicide attempts and self-inflicted injury in children and adolescents.
This study explores the relationship between antidepressant treatment and suicide attempt and self-inflicted injury in depressed children ages 5–17. Using two large claim datasets (LifeLink and MarketScan), the researchers find that after taking into account the time-varying effect of confounders, the apparent link between antidepressant use and suicide attempts and self-inflicted injury is diminished and not statistically significant.
AHRQ-funded; HS021093; HS000084
Citation: Gibbons RD, Coca Perraillon M, Hur K .
Antidepressant treatment and suicide attempts and self-inflicted injury in children and adolescents.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2015 Feb;24(2):208-14. doi: 10.1002/pds.3713..
Keywords: Medication, Children/Adolescents, Depression, Risk
Sarpatwari A, Franklin JM, Avorn J
Are risk evaluation and mitigation strategies associated with less off-label use of medications? The case of immune thrombocytopenia.
Using data from a large commercial health insurer, the researchers studied prescribing of two drugs for primary immune thrombocytopenia for which risk evaluation and mitigation strategies (REMS) with elements to assure safe use were initially imposed and then removed. Their finding of an association with reduced off-label prescribing suggests that REMS with elements to assure safe use can help promote patient safety but may also prevent promising off-label drug uses.
AHRQ-funded; HS018465.
Citation: Sarpatwari A, Franklin JM, Avorn J .
Are risk evaluation and mitigation strategies associated with less off-label use of medications? The case of immune thrombocytopenia.
Clin Pharmacol Ther 2015 Feb;97(2):186-93. doi: 10.1002/cpt.17..
Keywords: Medication, Risk, Patient Safety
Olfson M, King M, Schoenbaum M
Benzodiazepine use in the United States.
This study provides the first estimates of the annual prevalence of benzodiazepine use in the United States and examines variation in rates of benzodiazepine use by age. In 2008, approximately 5.2 percent of US adults aged 18 to 80 years used benzodiazepines. The percentage who used benzodiazepines increased with age from 2.6 percent (18-35 years) to 5.4 percent (36-50 years) to 7.4 percent (51-64 years) to 8.7 percent (65-80 years).
AHRQ-funded; HS02112.
Citation: Olfson M, King M, Schoenbaum M .
Benzodiazepine use in the United States.
JAMA Psychiatry 2015 Feb;72(2):136-42. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.1763..
Keywords: Medication, Elderly, Adverse Drug Events (ADE)
Madden JM, Adams AS, LeCates RF
Changes in drug coverage generosity and untreated serious mental illness: transitioning from Medicaid to Medicare Part D.
This study examined the effects of transitioning to Part D coverage among disabled dual enrollees with schizophrenia or a bipolar disorder, comparing enrollees in states with strict Medicaid cap policies with enrollees in states without caps. It found significant reductions in the number of people with a serious mental illness who were not treated owing to the transition to Part D from strictly capped Medicaid coverage.
AHRQ-funded; HS018577.
Citation: Madden JM, Adams AS, LeCates RF .
Changes in drug coverage generosity and untreated serious mental illness: transitioning from Medicaid to Medicare Part D.
JAMA Psychiatry 2015 Feb;72(2):179-88. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.1259..
Keywords: Behavioral Health, Medication, Medicare, Medicaid, Depression
Tan A, Holmes HM, Kuo YF
Coadministration of co-trimoxazole with sulfonylureas: hypoglycemia events and pattern of use.
This study assessed the prevalence of coadministration of co-trimoxazole with sulfonylureas and risk of subsequent emergency room (ER) visits for hypoglycemia among older patients with diabetes. It found that the coadministration of co-trimoxazole with sulfonylureas is associated with increased risk of hypoglycemia. Such coadministration is prevalent among older diabetic patients and varies substantially across U.S. geographic regions.
AHRQ-funded; HS022134.
Citation: Tan A, Holmes HM, Kuo YF .
Coadministration of co-trimoxazole with sulfonylureas: hypoglycemia events and pattern of use.
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2015 Feb;70(2):247-54. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glu072..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Diabetes, Medication
Hazelwood GS, Rezaie A, Borman M
Comparative effectiveness of immunosuppressants and biologics for inducing and maintaining remission in Crohn's disease: a network meta-analysis.
The authors compared therapies for induction and maintenance of remission in patients with Crohn's disease. They found that adalimumab and infliximab + azathioprine are the most effective therapies for induction and maintenance of remission of Crohn's disease.
AHRQ-funded; HS021747.
Citation: Hazelwood GS, Rezaie A, Borman M .
Comparative effectiveness of immunosuppressants and biologics for inducing and maintaining remission in Crohn's disease: a network meta-analysis.
Gastroenterology 2015 Feb;148(2):344-54.e5; quiz e14-5. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.10.011.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Digestive Disease and Health, Medication, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Treatments
Bobo WV, Reilly-Harrington NA, Ketter TA
Complexity of illness and adjunctive benzodiazepine use in outpatients with bipolar I or II disorder: results from the Bipolar CHOICE study.
This study examined patient- and illness-related factors associated with benzodiazepine use among patients with bipolar I or II disorder enrolled in the Bipolar CHOICE study. It found that higher anxiety symptom level, higher number of non–benzodiazepine psychotropic medications, lamotrigine use, college education, and high household income were significant and independent predictors of benzodiazepine use.
AHRQ-funded; HS019371.
Citation: Bobo WV, Reilly-Harrington NA, Ketter TA .
Complexity of illness and adjunctive benzodiazepine use in outpatients with bipolar I or II disorder: results from the Bipolar CHOICE study.
J Clin Psychopharmacol 2015 Feb;35(1):68-74. doi: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000000257..
Keywords: Medication, Behavioral Health, Practice Patterns
Beadles CA, Farley JF, Ellis AR
Do medical homes increase medication adherence for persons with multiple chronic conditions?
The goal of this study was to assess the association between medical homes and adherence to newly initiated medications among Medicaid enrollees with multiple chronic conditions (MCC). The researchers examined data from North Carolina Medicaid enrollees with MCC and found that adherence to new medications is greater for those enrolled in medical homes.
AHRQ-funded; HS000032; HS019659.
Citation: Beadles CA, Farley JF, Ellis AR .
Do medical homes increase medication adherence for persons with multiple chronic conditions?
Med Care 2015 Feb;53(2):168-76. doi: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000000292..
Keywords: Chronic Conditions, Medication, Medicaid, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Patient-Centered Healthcare
Hwang CS, Chang HY, Alexander GC
Impact of abuse-deterrent OxyContin on prescription opioid utilization.
The researchers quantified the degree to which the August 2010 reformulation of abuse-deterrent OxyContin affected its use, as well as the use of alternative extended-release and immediate-release opioids. They found that the market debut of abuse-deterrent OxyContin was associated with declines in its use after accounting for the simultaneous contraction of the generic extended-release oxycodone market.
AHRQ-funded; HS018960.
Citation: Hwang CS, Chang HY, Alexander GC .
Impact of abuse-deterrent OxyContin on prescription opioid utilization.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2015 Feb;24(2):197-204. doi: 10.1002/pds.3723.
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Keywords: Medication, Opioids, Prevention, Substance Abuse