National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
51 to 75 of 134 Research Studies DisplayedAysola J, Tahirovic E, Troxel AB
A randomized controlled trial of opt-in versus opt-out enrollment into a diabetes behavioral intervention.
This study compared an opt-out default recruitment strategy with a conventional opt-in strategy for enrollment in behavioral intervention for poorly controlled diabetic patients. The patients were put in a randomized controlled trial at the University of Pennsylvania-associated primary care practices. Enrollment rates were improved for the opt-out default patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS021706.
Citation: Aysola J, Tahirovic E, Troxel AB .
A randomized controlled trial of opt-in versus opt-out enrollment into a diabetes behavioral intervention.
Am J Health Promot 2018 Mar;32(3):745-52. doi: 10.1177/0890117116671673..
Keywords: Behavioral Health, Diabetes, Lifestyle Changes, Patient Adherence/Compliance
Gianfrancesco MA, Yazdany J, Schmajuk G
The impact of smoking on disease measures in rheumatoid arthritis: the need for appropriate adjustment of time-varying confounding.
In a recent publication, Quintana-Dunque et al. studied patients with early onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and showed that baseline smoking status was inversely associated with disease activity and disability at 36 months. This paper argues that the authors failed to highlight several limitations of study design and analysis, including time-varying confounding, which may have had a direct impact on results and corresponding conclusions.
AHRQ-funded; HS024412.
Citation: Gianfrancesco MA, Yazdany J, Schmajuk G .
The impact of smoking on disease measures in rheumatoid arthritis: the need for appropriate adjustment of time-varying confounding.
Rheumatol Int 2018 Feb;38(2):313-14. doi: 10.1007/s00296-017-3902-3.
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Keywords: Health Status, Lifestyle Changes, Arthritis, Tobacco Use
Brasure M, Desai P, Davila H
Physical activity interventions in preventing cognitive decline and Alzheimer-type dementia: a systematic review.
This systematic review assessed the effectiveness of physical activity interventions in slowing cognitive decline and delaying the onset of cognitive impairment and dementia in adults without diagnosed cognitive impairments. Evidence was insufficient to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of aerobic training, resistance training, or tai chi for improving cognition. ALSO, Evidence regarding effects on dementia prevention was insufficient for all physical activity interventions.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500008I.
Citation: Brasure M, Desai P, Davila H .
Physical activity interventions in preventing cognitive decline and Alzheimer-type dementia: a systematic review.
Ann Intern Med 2018 Jan 2;168(1):30-38. doi: 10.7326/m17-1528.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Dementia, Evidence-Based Practice, Lifestyle Changes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Black KZ, Johnson LS, Samuel-Hodge CD
Perceived barriers and preferred components for physical activity interventions in African-American survivors of breast or endometrial cancer with type 2 diabetes: the S.U.C.C.E.S.S. framework.
The study’s objectives were to explore the perspectives of African American survivors with type 2 diabetes on perceived barriers to physical activity (PA) and preferences for a PA intervention and develop a framework for a PA program after cancer treatment. Nine themes were identified that focused on post-treatment physical symptoms. The S.U.C.C.E.S.S. framework summarizes the survivors' preferences for effective lifestyle interventions such as supporting efforts to maintain PA.
AHRQ-funded; HS023418.
Citation: Black KZ, Johnson LS, Samuel-Hodge CD .
Perceived barriers and preferred components for physical activity interventions in African-American survivors of breast or endometrial cancer with type 2 diabetes: the S.U.C.C.E.S.S. framework.
Support Care Cancer 2018 Jan;26(1):231-40. doi: 10.1007/s00520-017-3839-9.
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Keywords: Cancer, Cancer: Breast Cancer, Diabetes, Lifestyle Changes, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Gao TY, Howe CJ, Zullo AR
Risk factors for self-report of not receiving an HIV test among adolescents in NYC with a history of sexual intercourse, 2013 YRBS.
This study estimated the prevalence of and identified risk factors for not receiving an HIV test among adolescents with a history of sexual intercourse in New York City (NYC), an urban area that has been greatly impacted by the HIV epidemic. The study’s findings suggested that among NYC adolescents with a history of sexual intercourse, the prevalence of HIV testing is low. HIV testing may have been low in part because of limited experience with current screening guidelines among clinicians.
AHRQ-funded; HS022998.
Citation: Gao TY, Howe CJ, Zullo AR .
Risk factors for self-report of not receiving an HIV test among adolescents in NYC with a history of sexual intercourse, 2013 YRBS.
Vulnerable Child Youth Stud 2017;12(4):277-91. doi: 10.1080/17450128.2016.1268741..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Lifestyle Changes, Screening, Urban Health
Powell-Wiley TM, Wong MS, Adu-Brimpong J
Simulating the impact of crime on African American women's physical activity and obesity.
The objective of this study was to quantify the impact of crime on physical activity location accessibility, leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), and obesity among African American women. The study’s simulations showed that crime may serve as a barrier to LTPA. Reducing crime and increasing propensity to exercise through multilevel interventions may promote greater than linear declines in obesity prevalence.
AHRQ-funded; HS023317.
Citation: Powell-Wiley TM, Wong MS, Adu-Brimpong J .
Simulating the impact of crime on African American women's physical activity and obesity.
Obesity 2017 Dec;25(12):2149-55. doi: 10.1002/oby.22040.
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Keywords: Health Status, Lifestyle Changes, Obesity, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Ehrlich SF, Hedderson MM, Brown SD
Moderate intensity sports and exercise is associated with glycaemic control in women with gestational diabetes.
The aim of the study was to assess the association of regular, unsupervised sports and exercise during pregnancy, by intensity level, with glycaemic control in women with gestational diabetes (GDM). The study concluded that higher volumes of moderate intensity sports and exercise, reported shortly after GDM diagnosis, were significantly associated with increased odds of achieving glycaemic control.
AHRQ-funded; HS019367.
Citation: Ehrlich SF, Hedderson MM, Brown SD .
Moderate intensity sports and exercise is associated with glycaemic control in women with gestational diabetes.
Diabetes Metab 2017 Oct;43(5):416-23. doi: 10.1016/j.diabet.2017.01.006..
Keywords: Diabetes, Lifestyle Changes, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Pregnancy, Women
Young LE, Michaels S, Jonas A
Sex behaviors as social cues motivating social venue patronage among young black men who have sex with men.
This study presents a two-mode network analysis that determines the extent that three types of sex behaviors-condomless sex, sex-drug use, and group sex-influence the patronage of different types of social venues among a population sample of young Black men who have sex with men. Its findings demonstrate that social venues can function as intermediary contexts in which relationships can form between individuals that have greater risk potential.
AHRQ-funded; HS000084.
Citation: Young LE, Michaels S, Jonas A .
Sex behaviors as social cues motivating social venue patronage among young black men who have sex with men.
AIDS Behav 2017 Oct;21(10):2924-34. doi: 10.1007/s10461-017-1679-8.
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Keywords: Lifestyle Changes, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Substance Abuse
Payan DD, Sloane DC, Illum J
Perceived barriers and facilitators to healthy eating and school lunch meals among adolescents: a qualitative study.
The researchers explored how perceived barriers and facilitators influence healthy eating and investigated the acceptability of changes to school lunch meals among adolescents after implementation of the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010. Their findings suggest the need to measure perceived and actual barriers to healthy eating among adolescents and to examine the effect of these barriers on dietary behavior.
AHRQ-funded; HS000046.
Citation: Payan DD, Sloane DC, Illum J .
Perceived barriers and facilitators to healthy eating and school lunch meals among adolescents: a qualitative study.
Am J Health Behav 2017 Sep 1;41(5):661-69. doi: 10.5993/ajhb.41.5.15.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Education, Lifestyle Changes, Nutrition
Patnode CD, Evans CV, Senger CA
Behavioral counseling to promote a healthful diet and physical activity for cardiovascular disease prevention in adults without known cardiovascular disease risk factors: updated evidence report and systematic review for the USPSTF
The researchers systematically reviewed the evidence on the benefits and harms of behavioral counseling for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults without known cardiovascular risk factors to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). Diet and physical activity behavioral interventions were found to result in consistent modest benefits across a variety of important intermediate health outcomes across 6 to 12 months, including blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol levels, and adiposity.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200015I.
Citation: Patnode CD, Evans CV, Senger CA .
Behavioral counseling to promote a healthful diet and physical activity for cardiovascular disease prevention in adults without known cardiovascular disease risk factors: updated evidence report and systematic review for the USPSTF
JAMA 2017 Jul 11;318(2):175-93. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.3303.
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Keywords: Behavioral Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Evidence-Based Practice, Health Promotion, Lifestyle Changes, Nutrition, Prevention, Risk, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)
Lv N, Azar KMJ, Rosas LG
Behavioral lifestyle interventions for moderate and severe obesity: a systematic review.
This study reviews evidence of behavioral lifestyle interventions for weight loss in this population. Evidence for the effectiveness of behavioral interventions versus pharmacological or surgical treatment was limited. Comprehensive and intensive behavioral interventions can result in clinically significant, albeit modest, weight loss in this obese subpopulation but may not result in significant improvements in other cardiometabolic risk factors.
AHRQ-funded; HS022702.
Citation: Lv N, Azar KMJ, Rosas LG .
Behavioral lifestyle interventions for moderate and severe obesity: a systematic review.
Prev Med 2017 Jul;100:180-93. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.04.022.
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Keywords: Behavioral Health, Lifestyle Changes, Obesity, Obesity: Weight Management
Brown SD, Grijalva CS, Ferrara A
Leveraging EHRs for patient engagement: perspectives on tailored program outreach.
Electronic health records (EHRs) present healthcare delivery systems with scalable, cost-effective opportunities to promote lifestyle programs among patients at high risk for type 2 diabetes, yet little consensus exists on strategies to enhance patient engagement. In this study, the investigators explored patient perspectives on program outreach messages containing content tailored to EHR-derived diabetes risk factors--a theory-driven strategy to increase the persuasiveness of health communications.
AHRQ-funded; HS019367.
Citation: Brown SD, Grijalva CS, Ferrara A .
Leveraging EHRs for patient engagement: perspectives on tailored program outreach.
Am J of Manag Care 2017 Jul;23(7):e223-e30..
Keywords: Diabetes, Communication, Education: Patient and Caregiver, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT), Healthcare Delivery, Lifestyle Changes, Patient and Family Engagement
Halbert CH, Bellamy S, Briggs V
A comparative effectiveness education trial for lifestyle health behavior change in African Americans.
The authors of this study compared the effects of alternate behavioral interventions on obesity-related health behaviors by conducting a comparative effectiveness education trial in a community-based sample of 530 adult African Americans. The investigators suggest that education about risk factors for chronic disease and evidence-based strategies for health behavior change may be useful for addressing obesity-related behaviors among African Americans.
AHRQ-funded; HS019339.
Citation: Halbert CH, Bellamy S, Briggs V .
A comparative effectiveness education trial for lifestyle health behavior change in African Americans.
Health Educ Res 2017 Jun 1;32(3):207-18. doi: 10.1093/her/cyx039..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Education: Patient and Caregiver, Lifestyle Changes, Lifestyle Changes, Obesity, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Chung CF, Agapie E, Schroeder J
When personal tracking becomes social: examining the use of Instagram for healthy eating.
The researchers aimed to inform the design of tools to support healthy behaviors by understanding how people appropriate Instagram to track and share food data, the benefits they obtain from doing so, and the challenges they encounter. They concluded that participants tracked to support themselves and others in their pursuit of healthy eating goals.
AHRQ-funded; HS023654.
Citation: Chung CF, Agapie E, Schroeder J .
When personal tracking becomes social: examining the use of Instagram for healthy eating.
Proc SIGCHI Conf Hum Factor Comput Syst 2017 May 2;2017:1674-87. doi: 10.1145/3025453.3025747.
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Keywords: Health Information Technology (HIT), Lifestyle Changes, Nutrition, Patient Self-Management, Social Media
Aschbrenner KA, Mueser KT, Naslund JA
Facilitating partner support for lifestyle change among adults with serious mental illness: a feasibility pilot study.
The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the feasibility of an intervention designed to facilitate partner support for lifestyle change among overweight and obese adults with serious mental illness. After 12 weeks, approximately two-thirds of participants were below their baseline weight at follow-up, including 27 percent who achieved clinically significant weight loss.
AHRQ-funded; HS021695.
Citation: Aschbrenner KA, Mueser KT, Naslund JA .
Facilitating partner support for lifestyle change among adults with serious mental illness: a feasibility pilot study.
Community Ment Health J 2017 May;53(4):394-404. doi: 10.1007/s10597-017-0100-4.
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Keywords: Family Health and History, Lifestyle Changes, Behavioral Health, Obesity, Obesity: Weight Management
Lee BY, Adam A, Zenkov E
Modeling the economic and health impact of increasing children's physical activity in the United States.
Using a computational simulation model that was developed to represent all US children ages 8-11 years, the researchers estimated that if 50 percent of children would exercise, the number of obese and overweight youth would decrease by 4 percent, averting $8.1 billion in direct medical costs and $13.8 billion in lost productivity.
AHRQ-funded; HS023317.
Citation: Lee BY, Adam A, Zenkov E .
Modeling the economic and health impact of increasing children's physical activity in the United States.
Health Aff 2017 May;36(5):902-08. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2016.1315.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Lifestyle Changes, Healthcare Costs, Obesity
Biener A, Cawley J, Meyerhoefer C
AHRQ Author: Biener A
The high and rising costs of obesity to the US health care system.
The purpose of this editorial is to provide new information on the medical care costs of obesity that help motivate various weight loss interventions. The editorial is a part of a special issue with articles examining behavioral, pharmacotherapy, and surgical interventions for weight loss, based on a 2016 conference on state-of-the-art weight management hosted by the Veterans Health Administration.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Biener A, Cawley J, Meyerhoefer C .
The high and rising costs of obesity to the US health care system.
J Gen Intern Med 2017 Apr;32(Suppl 1):6-8. doi: 10.1007/s11606-016-3968-8.
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Keywords: Obesity, Healthcare Costs, Obesity: Weight Management, Lifestyle Changes, Nutrition
Diaz KM, Booth JN, 3rd, Seals SR
Physical activity and incident hypertension in African Americans: the Jackson Heart Study.
The purpose of this study was to examine the association of physical activity with incident hypertension among African Americans. It found no statistically significant associations observed for overall physical activity, or work, active living, and household-related physical activities. Results suggest that regular moderate-vigorous physical activity or sport/exercise-related physical activity may reduce the risk of developing hypertension in African Americans.
AHRQ-funded; HS023009.
Citation: Diaz KM, Booth JN, 3rd, Seals SR .
Physical activity and incident hypertension in African Americans: the Jackson Heart Study.
Hypertension 2017 Mar;69(3):421-27. doi: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.08398.
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Keywords: Blood Pressure, Lifestyle Changes, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Risk
Oates GR, Jackson BE, Partridge EE
Sociodemographic patterns of chronic disease: how the mid-south region compares to the rest of the country.
This descriptive study examines sociodemographic differences in the distribution of chronic diseases and health-related behaviors in the Mid-South versus the rest of the U.S., identifying subgroups at increased risk of chronic disease. It finds that the Mid-South population had increased rates of chronic disease and worse health-related behaviors than the rest of the U.S. Mid-South blacks had the highest percentages of obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, and stroke of all subgroups.
AHRQ-funded; HS023009.
Citation: Oates GR, Jackson BE, Partridge EE .
Sociodemographic patterns of chronic disease: how the mid-south region compares to the rest of the country.
Am J Prev Med 2017 Jan;52(1s1):S31-s39. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.09.004.
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Keywords: Chronic Conditions, Health Status, Lifestyle Changes, Social Determinants of Health
Cockerham WC, Hamby BW, Oates GR
The social determinants of chronic disease.
This review article addresses the concept of the social determinants of health (SDH), selected theories, and its application in studies of chronic disease. The health effects of SDH are initially discussed with respect to smoking and the social gradient in mortality. The article concludes with an examination of neighborhood disadvantage, social networks, and perceived discrimination in SDH research.
AHRQ-funded; HS023009.
Citation: Cockerham WC, Hamby BW, Oates GR .
The social determinants of chronic disease.
Am J Prev Med 2017 Jan;52(1s1):S5-s12. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.09.010.
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Keywords: Chronic Conditions, Health Status, Lifestyle Changes, Social Determinants of Health
Yoon S, Co MC, Jr., Suero-Tejeda N
A data mining approach for exploring correlates of self-reported comparative physical activity levels of urban Latinos.
The authors applied data mining techniques to a community-based behavioral dataset to build prediction models to gain insights about physical activity levels as the foundation for future interventions for urban Latinos. They identified environment factors and psychological factors. They concluded that the data mining methods were useful to build prediction models to gain insights about perceptions of physical activity behavior as compared to peers.
AHRQ-funded; HS019853; HS022961.
Citation: Yoon S, Co MC, Jr., Suero-Tejeda N .
A data mining approach for exploring correlates of self-reported comparative physical activity levels of urban Latinos.
Stud Health Technol Inform 2016;225:553-7.
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Keywords: Data, Lifestyle Changes, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Urban Health
Aschbrenner KA, Naslund JA, Bartels SJ
A mixed methods study of peer-to-peer support in a group-based lifestyle intervention for adults with serious mental illness.
The authors explored peer-to-peer support among individuals participating in a group lifestyle intervention that included social media to enhance in-person weight management sessions. They found that participants described how shared learning and group problem-solving activities fostered friendships and provided essential support for health behavior change, while sharing information, personal successes and challenges, and "being in the same boat" as other group members were key features of peer-to-peer support.
AHRQ-funded; HS021695.
Citation: Aschbrenner KA, Naslund JA, Bartels SJ .
A mixed methods study of peer-to-peer support in a group-based lifestyle intervention for adults with serious mental illness.
Psychiatr Rehabil J 2016 Dec;39(4):328-34. doi: 10.1037/prj0000219.
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Keywords: Lifestyle Changes, Lifestyle Changes, Behavioral Health, Obesity: Weight Management
Cha S, Masho SW, Mezuk B
Age of sexual debut and cannabis use in the United States.
The goals of this study were to assess the relationship between early sexual debut and cannabis use. It found that later age of sexual debut was associated with lower odds of cannabis use relative to the average age of debut. For every year that respondents delayed their sexual debut, the relative odds of lifetime cannabis use declined by 17 percent.
AHRQ-funded; HS021504.
Citation: Cha S, Masho SW, Mezuk B .
Age of sexual debut and cannabis use in the United States.
Subst Use Misuse 2016;51(4):439-48. doi: 10.3109/10826084.2015.1110177.
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Keywords: Substance Abuse, Lifestyle Changes, Risk, Sexual Health, Lifestyle Changes
Mathur MB, Gould M, Khazeni N
Direct-to-consumer drug advertisements can paradoxically increase intentions to adopt lifestyle changes.
The researchers aimed to assess whether priming with real direct-to-consumer (DTC) television advertisements elicited boomerang effects on perceptions of lifestyle change and whether these effects, if present, were moderated by individual problem status. They found that real television advertisements elicited only a weak boomerang effect on perceived effectiveness and elicited an unexpected reverse boomerang effect on personal intentions to use lifestyle change versus drugs.
AHRQ-funded; HS019816.
Citation: Mathur MB, Gould M, Khazeni N .
Direct-to-consumer drug advertisements can paradoxically increase intentions to adopt lifestyle changes.
Front Psychol 2016 Oct 3;7:1533. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01533.
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Keywords: Medication, Lifestyle Changes, Lifestyle Changes, Education: Patient and Caregiver
Epstein DA, Kang JH, Pina LR
Reconsidering the device in the drawer: lapses as a design opportunity in personal informatics.
The authors used a survey of 141 people who had lapsed in using Fitbit and identified three use patterns and four perspectives on tracking. Participant Fitbit use and perspective on tracking influenced the preference of those surveyed, and the authors surfaced these preferences in a series of contrasts. They concluded by discussing how these contrasts suggest new designs and opportunities in other tracking domains.
AHRQ-funded; HS023654.
Citation: Epstein DA, Kang JH, Pina LR .
Reconsidering the device in the drawer: lapses as a design opportunity in personal informatics.
Proc ACM Int Conf Ubiquitous Comput 2016 Sep 12:829-40. doi: 10.1145/2971648.2971656..
Keywords: Health Information Technology (HIT), Health Information Technology (HIT), Lifestyle Changes, Patient Self-Management