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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 7 of 7 Research Studies DisplayedEncinosa W, Figueroa J, Elias Y
AHRQ Author: Encinosa W
Severity of hospitalizations from SARS-CoV-2 vs influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infection in children aged 5 to 11 years in 11 US states.
By the time emergency use authorization had been granted for the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine in October 2021 in children aged 5 to 11 years, there had been 1.8 million diagnoses of SARS-CoV-2 infection, 8,000 hospitalizations, and 143 deaths in that age group. Very little has been reported on the severity of those hospitalizations relative to the influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) which are the most common childhood viruses. The purpose of this study was to compare hospitalizations of children aged 5 to 11 for SARS-CoV-2 infection and multisystem inflammatory system in children (MIS-C, a sequela of COVID-19 disease) with the hospitalizations of children aged 5 to 11 years who were infected with influenza and RSV. The researchers utilized inpatient data from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project from the first 11 states with complete first-quarter data as of October 2021, representing 24% of the US population of children aged 5 to 11 years. The researchers examined 46 complications in 7 body systems, total care costs and charges, and data on race and ethnicity. The resulting cross-sectional study included patient data from a total of 2,269 children. The study found that COVID-19 hospitalizations occurred at the rate of 10.8 per 100,000 children, while Influenza and RSV were rare during the first quarter of 2021 with 23 total hospital discharges combined. However, in 2017, which researchers also measured for data on influenza and RSV, influenza and RSV had 17.0 and 6.2 hospitalizations per 100,000 children, respectively. Inpatient death for all viruses was rare. MIS-C had the highest rates of cardiovascular, hematologic, and gastrointestinal complications. Children with RSV ha the highest rate of respiratory complications. Children with COVID-19 (without MISC-C) had the highest rate of neurologic complications, whereas children with influenza had the highest rate of muscoskeletal complications. Children with MIS-C had the longest median length of stay at a median cost of $23,585 per stay compared to children with influenza with a median length of stay of 2 days and a cost of $5,200.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Encinosa W, Figueroa J, Elias Y .
Severity of hospitalizations from SARS-CoV-2 vs influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infection in children aged 5 to 11 years in 11 US states.
JAMA Pediatr 2022 May;176(5):520-22. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.6566..
Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), COVID-19, Children/Adolescents, Hospitalization, Influenza, Respiratory Conditions
Goldstein E, Finelli L, O'Halloran A
AHRQ Author: Karaca Z, Steiner C
Hospitalizations associated with respiratory syncytial virus and influenza in children, including children diagnosed with asthma.
This study examined hospitalization rates in children associated with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza, including children with asthma. HCUP hospitalization data and additional data to estimate RSV and influenza-associated hospitalization with a respiratory cause was analyzed in different subpopulations of US children between 2003 and 2010. Annual rates of RSV-associated hospitalization was highest in infants and young children, and declined rapidly with age. Influenza hospitalizations also were highest in young children and declined by age 12-17 years. Higher rates of RSV-related and influenza hospitalization in the youngest children with a prior diagnosis of asthma was also found.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Goldstein E, Finelli L, O'Halloran A .
Hospitalizations associated with respiratory syncytial virus and influenza in children, including children diagnosed with asthma.
Epidemiology 2019 Nov;30(6):918-26. doi: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001092..
Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Children/Adolescents, Asthma, Influenza, Respiratory Conditions, Hospitalization, Chronic Conditions
Shrestha S, Foxman B, Berus J
AHRQ Author: Steiner C
The role of influenza in the epidemiology of pneumonia.
The researchers used longitudinal influenza and pneumonia incidence data, at different spatial resolutions and across different epidemiological periods, to infer the nature, timing and the intensity of influenza-pneumonia interaction. They concluded that influenza infection substantially enhances the risk of pneumonia, though only for a short period.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Shrestha S, Foxman B, Berus J .
The role of influenza in the epidemiology of pneumonia.
Sci Rep 2015 Oct 21;5:15314. doi: 10.1038/srep15314.
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Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Influenza, Pneumonia
Jacobs JH, Viboud C, Tchetgen ET
AHRQ Author: Steiner C
The association of meningococcal disease with influenza in the United States, 1989-2009.
The purpose of this paper is to quantify the fraction of meningococcal disease attributable to influenza. The authors found that, over 20 years, 12.8% of meningococcal disease can be attributable to influenza in the preceding weeks with H3N2 accounting for 5.2%, H1N1 4.3%, B 3.0%, and pH1N1 0.2%. They concluded that influenza vaccination could provide protection, particularly in young children where the meningococcal disease vaccine is not recommended or protective against the most common serogroup.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Jacobs JH, Viboud C, Tchetgen ET .
The association of meningococcal disease with influenza in the United States, 1989-2009.
PLoS One 2014 Sep 29;9(9):e107486. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107486.
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Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Infectious Diseases, Influenza
Shrestha S, Foxman B, Weinberger DM
AHRQ Author: Steiner C
Identifying the interaction between influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia using incidence data.
The authors integrated weekly incidence reports and a mechanistic transmission model within a likelihood-based inference framework to characterize the nature, timing, and magnitude of the interaction between influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia. They found support for a strong but short-lived interaction, with influenza infection increasing susceptibility to pneumococcal pneumonia ~100-fold. They inferred modest population-level impacts arising from strong processes at the level of an individual.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Shrestha S, Foxman B, Weinberger DM .
Identifying the interaction between influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia using incidence data.
Sci Transl Med 2013 Jun 26;5(191):191ra84. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3005982.
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Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Influenza, Pneumonia
Braithwaite S, Friedman B, Mutter R
AHRQ Author: Friedman B, Mutter R
Microsimulation of financial impact of demand surge on hospitals: the H1N1 influenza pandemic of fall 2009.
Microsimulation was used to assess the financial impact on hospitals of a surge in influenza admissions in advance of the H1N1 pandemic in the fall of 2009 with the goal of estimating net income and losses of a response of filling unused hospital bed capacity proportionately and postponing elective admissions. They concluded that aggregate and distributional results did not suggest that a policy of promising additional financial compensation to hospitals in anticipation of the surge in flu cases was necessary.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Braithwaite S, Friedman B, Mutter R .
Microsimulation of financial impact of demand surge on hospitals: the H1N1 influenza pandemic of fall 2009.
Health Serv Res 2013 Apr;48(2 Pt 2):735-52. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.12041.
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Keywords: Healthcare Costs, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Hospitalization, Influenza
Rubinson L, Mutter R, Viboud C
AHRQ Author: Mutter R
Impact of the fall 2009 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic on US hospitals.
The authors investigated the impact of the 2009 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic on US hospitals. They found that the fall 2009 pandemic period substantially impacted US hospitals, mostly through increased emergency department visits. Furhter, for a small proportion of hospitals that experienced a high surge in inpatient admissions, increased mortality from selected clinical conditions was associated with both prepandemic outcomes and surge, highlighting the linkage between daily hospital operations and disaster preparedness.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Rubinson L, Mutter R, Viboud C .
Impact of the fall 2009 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic on US hospitals.
Med Care 2013 Mar;51(3):259-65. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0b013e31827da8ea.
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Keywords: Emergency Department, Emergency Preparedness, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Hospitals, Influenza