National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
476 to 500 of 534 Research Studies DisplayedGauguet S, Ahmed AA, Zhou J
Group A streptococcal bacteremia without a source is associated with less severe disease in children.
The authors analyzed characteristics of 86 Group A streptococcal bacteremia cases at Boston Children's Hospital from 1992 to 2012. They found that children with bacteremia without a source (30% of cases) were less likely to have severe disease than children with focal infections.
AHRQ-funded; HS013908.
Citation: Gauguet S, Ahmed AA, Zhou J .
Group A streptococcal bacteremia without a source is associated with less severe disease in children.
Pediatr Infect Dis J 2015 Apr;34(4):447-9. doi: 10.1097/inf.0000000000000587.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Hospitalization, Infectious Diseases, Outcomes
Riall TS, Adhikari D, Parmar AD
The risk paradox: use of elective cholecystectomy in older patients is independent of their risk of developing complications.
For older patients with newly diagnosed symptomatic gallstones, researchers calculated their 2-year risk of emergent gallstone-related hospitalization. They found that patients in the high-risk group were less likely to receive elective cholecystectomy than those in the low-risk group. The study used Texas Medicare data for 161,568 patients with an episode of symptomatic gallstones.
AHRQ-funded; HS022134
Citation: Riall TS, Adhikari D, Parmar AD .
The risk paradox: use of elective cholecystectomy in older patients is independent of their risk of developing complications.
J Am Coll Surg. 2015 Apr;220(4):682-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2014.12.012..
Keywords: Hospitalization, Elderly, Medicare, Surgery
King JT, Perkal MF, Rosenthal RA
Thirty-day postoperative mortality among individuals with HIV infection receiving antiretroviral therapy and procedure-matched, uninfected comparators.
The researchers explored the current relationship between perioperative mortality and indicators of immune function, anemia, and hypoalbuminemia among HIV-infected and uninfected individuals. Among HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy, modern postoperative mortality rates are low and lower CD4 cell counts are associated with increased mortality, but characteristics other than HIV status, such as age and hypoalbuminemia, are also important determinants of outcome.
AHRQ-funded; HS021112.
Citation: King JT, Perkal MF, Rosenthal RA .
Thirty-day postoperative mortality among individuals with HIV infection receiving antiretroviral therapy and procedure-matched, uninfected comparators.
JAMA Surg 2015 Apr;150(4):343-51. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2014.2257..
Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Mortality, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hospitalization, Surgery
Olfson M
Surveillance of adverse psychiatric medication events.
This article estimates the numbers and rates of adverse drug event (ADE) emergency department (ED) visits involving psychiatric medications among US adults between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2011. The author finds that there were an estimated 89,094 psychiatric medication ADE emergency department visits annually, with 19.3 percent resulting in hospitalization and 49.4 percent involving patients aged 19 to 44.
AHRQ-funded; HS021112.
Citation: Olfson M .
Surveillance of adverse psychiatric medication events.
JAMA 2015 Mar 24-31;313(12):1256-7. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.15743..
Keywords: Emergency Department, Behavioral Health, Hospitalization, Medication
Yang NH, Dharmar M, Kuppermann N
Appropriateness of disposition following telemedicine consultations in rural emergency departments.
The researchers compared the overall and stratified observed-to-expected hospital admission ratios between telemedicine and telephone cohorts of acutely ill and injured children. They found that there were no statistically significant differences between the observed-to-expected admission ratios using Pediatric Risk of Admission II and Revised Pediatric Emergency Assessment Tool.
AHRQ-funded; HS013179; HS019712.
Citation: Yang NH, Dharmar M, Kuppermann N .
Appropriateness of disposition following telemedicine consultations in rural emergency departments.
Pediatr Crit Care Med 2015 Mar;16(3):e59-64. doi: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000000337..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Hospitalization, Rural Health, Telehealth
Morrato EH, Parks J, Campagna EJ
Comparative effectiveness of injectable paliperidone palmitate versus oral atypical antipsychotics: early postmarketing evidence.
The researchers compared the likelihood of hospitalization and emergency department visits in Medicaid patients from the state of Missouri starting paliperidone palmitate versus oral atypical (also known as second-generation) antipsychotics. They found that paliperidone palmitate treatment resulted in a statistically significant 37 percent reduction in the adjusted likelihood of an all-cause emergency department visit. There was no statistically significant reduction in hospitalization.
AHRQ-funded; HS019464.
Citation: Morrato EH, Parks J, Campagna EJ .
Comparative effectiveness of injectable paliperidone palmitate versus oral atypical antipsychotics: early postmarketing evidence.
J Comp Eff Res 2015 Mar-Apr;4(2):89-99. doi: 10.2217/cer.14.50..
Keywords: Medication, Hospitalization, Behavioral Health, Emergency Department, Healthcare Utilization
Bayliss EA, Ellis JL, Shoup JA
Effect of continuity of care on hospital utilization for seniors with multiple medical conditions in an integrated health care system.
The researchers investigated the effects of interpersonal continuity of care on rates of hospital utilization in a population of seniors with multiple chronic conditions (MCCs) in an integrated health care delivery system. They found that in an integrated delivery system with high informational continuity, greater continuity of care is independently associated with lower hospital utilization for seniors with MCCs.
AHRQ-funded; HS018404.
Citation: Bayliss EA, Ellis JL, Shoup JA .
Effect of continuity of care on hospital utilization for seniors with multiple medical conditions in an integrated health care system.
Ann Fam Med 2015 Mar;13(2):123-9. doi: 10.1370/afm.1739..
Keywords: Chronic Conditions, Elderly, Hospitalization
Ragsdale L, Zhong W, Morrison W
Pediatric exposure to opioid and sedation medications during terminal hospitalizations in the United States, 2007-2011.
The researchers conducted a retrospective study in which they examined the prescribing patterns of opioid and sedation medications among 37,459 children who died in 430 hospitals in the US 2007-2011. Their study reveals an overall high prevalence of exposure to opioid and sedation medications among pediatric terminal hospitalizations, yet with slightly less than one-half of patients receiving both opioids and sedatives daily near the end of life.
AHRQ-funded; HS018425.
Citation: Ragsdale L, Zhong W, Morrison W .
Pediatric exposure to opioid and sedation medications during terminal hospitalizations in the United States, 2007-2011.
J Pediatr 2015 Mar;166(3):587-93.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.10.017..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Hospitalization, Medication, Opioids, Pain, Palliative Care
O'Leary KJ, Turner J, Christensen N
The effect of hospitalist discontinuity on adverse events.
The researchers sought to determine the association between hospital physician continuity and the incidence of adverse events (AEs). Based on an analysis including data from 474 hospitalizations, they found that hospitalist physician continuity does not appear to be associated with the incidence of AEs.
AHRQ-funded; HS019630.
Citation: O'Leary KJ, Turner J, Christensen N .
The effect of hospitalist discontinuity on adverse events.
J Hosp Med 2015 Mar;10(3):147-51. doi: 10.1002/jhm.2308..
Keywords: Patient Safety, Adverse Events, Hospitalization
Mueller EL, Sabbatini A, Gebremariam A
Why pediatric patients with cancer visit the emergency department: United States, 2006-2010.
The authors explored reasons prompting emergency department (ED) visits and factors associated with hospital admission among pediatric patients with cancer. They concluded that fever with neutropenia was the most common reason for ED visits among pediatric patients with cancer and was the condition most strongly associated with admission, and that socioeconomic factors appeared to influence ED disposition for this population.
AHRQ-funded; HS022982.
Citation: Mueller EL, Sabbatini A, Gebremariam A .
Why pediatric patients with cancer visit the emergency department: United States, 2006-2010.
Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015 Mar;62(3):490-5. doi: 10.1002/pbc.25288.
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Keywords: Cancer, Children/Adolescents, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Emergency Department, Hospitalization
Paddock SM, Adams JL, Hoces de la Guardia F
Better-than-average and worse-than-average hospitals may not significantly differ from average hospitals: an analysis of Medicare Hospital Compare ratings.
The researchers examine the degree to which a consumer might be misled by comparing hospitals based on performance tiers by using 30-day mortality and readmission outcome measures from Medicare Hospital Compare. They found that in the majority of cases, performances for hospitals reported as either top or bottom tier on the Medicare website did not significantly differ from that of mid-tier hospitals.
AHRQ-funded; HS021860
Citation: Paddock SM, Adams JL, Hoces de la Guardia F .
Better-than-average and worse-than-average hospitals may not significantly differ from average hospitals: an analysis of Medicare Hospital Compare ratings.
BMJ Qual Saf. 2015 Feb;24(2):128-34. doi: 10.1136/bmjqs-2014-003405..
Keywords: Quality of Care, Hospitalization, Medicare
Salihu HM, Mogos MF, Salinas-Miranda AA
National trends in maternal use of opioid drugs among pregnancy-related hospitalizations in the United States, 1998 to 2009.
AHRQ-funded; HS019997.
Citation: Salihu HM, Mogos MF, Salinas-Miranda AA .
National trends in maternal use of opioid drugs among pregnancy-related hospitalizations in the United States, 1998 to 2009.
Am J Perinatol 2015 Feb;32(3):289-98. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1384642..
Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Hospitalization, Medication, Opioids, Pregnancy
Hilligoss B, Vogus TJ
Navigating care transitions: a process model of how doctors overcome organizational barriers and create awareness.
Using interviews and observations of doctors, the researchers examined transitions from an emergency department to inpatient units through a 2-year study of an academic medical center. They describe and document 3 challenges to between-unit transitions of care and identify the adaptive workarounds that doctors employ to resolve these challenges, thus addressing a significant gap in the literature on high-reliability healthcare organizations.
AHRQ-funded; HS018758
Citation: Hilligoss B, Vogus TJ .
Navigating care transitions: a process model of how doctors overcome organizational barriers and create awareness.
Med Care Res Rev. 2015 Feb;72(1):25-48. doi: 10.1177/1077558714563170..
Keywords: Transitions of Care, Emergency Department, Hospitalization, Care Coordination
Weinberger DM, Klugman KP, Steiner CA
AHRQ Author: Steiner CA
Association between respiratory syncytial virus activity and pneumococcal disease in infants: a time series analysis of US hospitalization data.
The researchers evaluated whether variations in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) epidemic timing and magnitude are associated with variations in pneumococcal disease epidemics and whether changes in pneumococcal disease following the introduction of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) were associated with changes in the rate of RSV hospitalizations. Their findings indicate that RSV is associated with increases in the incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Weinberger DM, Klugman KP, Steiner CA .
Association between respiratory syncytial virus activity and pneumococcal disease in infants: a time series analysis of US hospitalization data.
PLoS Med 2015 Jan 6;12(1):e1001776. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001776..
Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Newborns/Infants, Respiratory Conditions, Hospitalization
Binswanger IA, Whitley E, Haffey PR
A patient navigation intervention for drug-involved former prison inmates.
The researchers designed a randomized controlled trial of patient navigation to reduce barriers to health care and hospitalizations for former prison inmates. They found recruitment of former inmates highly feasible, but found that follow-up was limited by rearrests. They concluded that their results suggest a significantly lower rate of hospitalizations among navigation participants, although the rate of emergency department/urgent care visits was not improved.
AHRQ-funded; HS019464.
Citation: Binswanger IA, Whitley E, Haffey PR .
A patient navigation intervention for drug-involved former prison inmates.
Subst Abus 2015;36(1):34-41. doi: 10.1080/08897077.2014.932320.
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Keywords: Access to Care, Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Healthcare Utilization, Hospitalization, Substance Abuse
Torio CM, Encinosa WE, Berdahl T
AHRQ Author: Torio CM, Encinosa WE, Berdahl T
Annual report on health care for children and youth in the United States: national estimates of cost, utilization and expenditures for children with mental health conditions.
This study examined national trends in hospital utilization, costs, and expenditures for children with mental health conditions between 2006 and 2011. It found that hospitalizations for all listed mental health conditions increased by nearly 50 percent among children aged 10 to 14 years and by 21 percent for emergency department visits.
AHRQ-authored
Citation: Torio CM, Encinosa WE, Berdahl T .
Annual report on health care for children and youth in the United States: national estimates of cost, utilization and expenditures for children with mental health conditions.
Acad Pediatr. 2015 Jan-Feb;15(1):19-35. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2014.07.007..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Hospitalization, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), Behavioral Health
Sentell TL, Valcour N, Ahn HJ
High rates of Native Hawaiian and older Japanese adults hospitalized with dementia in Hawaii.
This study compared rates of inpatients with a dementia diagnosis for disaggregated Asian and Pacific Islanders (Native Hawaiian, Chinese, Japanese, Filipino) with those of whites according to age for all adults hospitalized in Hawaii; Native Hawaiians with dementia were significantly more likely to be hospitalized and to be hospitalized at younger ages than individuals of other races and ethnicities.
AHRQ-funded; HS019990.
Citation: Sentell TL, Valcour N, Ahn HJ .
High rates of Native Hawaiian and older Japanese adults hospitalized with dementia in Hawaii.
J Am Geriatr Soc 2015 Jan;63(1):158-64. doi: 10.1111/jgs.13182..
Keywords: Dementia, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Hospitalization
Foote EM, Singleton RJ, Holman RC
AHRQ Author: Steiner CA
Lower respiratory tract infection hospitalizations among American Indian/Alaska Native children and the general United States child population.
The authors described the change in lower respiratory tract infection-associated hospitalization rates for American Indian and Alaskan Native (AI/AN) children and for the general US child population aged less than 5 years. They found that the 2009-2011 AI/AN child average annual LRTI-associated hospitalization rate was 1.5 times higher than the US child rate. The Alaska and Southwest regions had the highest rates. The disparity was greatest for infant pneumonia-associated and 2009-2010 H1N1 influenza-associated hospitalizations.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Foote EM, Singleton RJ, Holman RC .
Lower respiratory tract infection hospitalizations among American Indian/Alaska Native children and the general United States child population.
Int J Circumpolar Health 2015;74:29256. doi: 10.3402/ijch.v74.29256.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Hospitalization, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Respiratory Conditions
Abdelsattar ZM, Krapohl G, Alrahmani L
Postoperative burden of hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile infection.
This study of 35,363 surgical patients found that 0.51 percent developed a clostridium difficile infection (CDI), with the highest rates occurring after lower-extremity amputation, bowel resection or repair, and gastric or esophageal operations. Post-operative CDI was also associated with higher rates of extended length of stay, emergency room presentations, and readmissions.
AHRQ-funded; HS000053
Citation: Abdelsattar ZM, Krapohl G, Alrahmani L .
Postoperative burden of hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile infection.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2015 Jan;36(1):40-6. doi: 10.1017/ice.2014.8..
Keywords: Clostridium difficile Infections, Patient Safety, Surgery, Hospitalization
Feemster LC, Cooke CR, Rubenfeld GD
The influence of hospitalization or intensive care unit admission on declines in health-related quality of life.
The researchers sought to determine the association of an ICU stay with declines in health-related quality of life (HRQoL). prehospital. They found that hospitalization is associated with increased risk of impairment in HRQoL after discharge, yet the overall magnitude of this reduction is small and similar between non-ICU hospitalized and critically ill patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS020672.
Citation: Feemster LC, Cooke CR, Rubenfeld GD .
The influence of hospitalization or intensive care unit admission on declines in health-related quality of life.
Ann Am Thorac Soc 2015 Jan;12(1):35-45. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201404-172OC..
Keywords: Patient Safety, Hospitalization, Quality of Life, Health Status
Bobb JF, Obermeyer Z, Wang Y
Cause-specific risk of hospital admission related to extreme heat in older adults.
The purpose of this study was to identify possible causes of hospital admissions during extreme heat events and to estimate their risks using historical data. The investigators found that among older adults, periods of extreme heat were associated with increased risk of hospitalization for fluid and electrolyte disorders, renal failure, urinary tract infection, septicemia, and heat stroke. They noted however, that the absolute risk increase was small and of uncertain clinical importance.
AHRQ-funded; HS021991.
Citation: Bobb JF, Obermeyer Z, Wang Y .
Cause-specific risk of hospital admission related to extreme heat in older adults.
JAMA 2014 Dec 24-31;312(24):2659-67. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.15715..
Keywords: Elderly, Hospitalization, Risk
Aterburn D, Powers JD, Toh S
Comparative effectiveness of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding vs laparoscopic gastric bypass.
A retrospective study of 7,457 patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery found that patients receiving gastric bypass experienced much greater weight loss than those receiving gastric banding but they had a higher risk of short-term complications and long-term subsequent hospitalizations. However, gastric bypass patients had a lower risk of long-term subsequent intervention procedures than did gastric banding patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS019912
Citation: Aterburn D, Powers JD, Toh S .
Comparative effectiveness of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding vs laparoscopic gastric bypass.
JAMA Surg. 2014 Dec;149(12):1279-87. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2014.1674..
Keywords: Obesity, Surgery, Adverse Events, Patient Safety, Hospitalization
Sentell TL, Juarez DT, Ahn HJ
Disparities in diabetes-related preventable hospitalizations among working-age Native Hawaiians and Asians in Hawai'i.
Elderly (65+) Native Hawaiian, Filipino, and Japanese men and Filipino women have a higher risk of diabetes-related potentially preventable hospitalizations than whites. The authors sought to determine if similar disparities are seen among the non-elderly (< 65). They found that preventable hospitalizations rates were significantly higher for Native Hawaiians males compared to whites, but significantly lower for Chinese men and women, Japanese men and women, and Filipino men and women. Rates for Native Hawaiian females did not differ significantly from Whites. Disparities in diabetes-related preventable hospitalizations were seen for working-age (18-64) Native Hawaiian men even when their higher population-level diabetes prevalence was considered.
AHRQ-funded; HS019990.
Citation: Sentell TL, Juarez DT, Ahn HJ .
Disparities in diabetes-related preventable hospitalizations among working-age Native Hawaiians and Asians in Hawai'i.
Hawaii J Med Public Health 2014 Dec;73(12 Suppl 3):8-13.
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Keywords: Diabetes, Disparities, Hospitalization, Quality Indicators (QIs), Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Blecker S, Ladapo JA, Doran KM
Emergency department visits for heart failure and subsequent hospitalization or observation unit admission.
The purpose of this study was to examine trends in ED visits for heart failure and disposition following such visits. The investigators found that the number of ED visits for heart failure and the high proportion of ED visits with subsequent inpatient hospitalization have not changed in the last decade. They suggest that opportunities may exist to reduce hospitalizations by increasing short-term management of heart failure in the ED or observation unit.
AHRQ-funded; HS023683.
Citation: Blecker S, Ladapo JA, Doran KM .
Emergency department visits for heart failure and subsequent hospitalization or observation unit admission.
Am Heart J 2014 Dec;168(6):901-8.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2014.08.002..
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Emergency Department, Heart Disease and Health, Hospitalization
Simeone RM, Oster ME, Cassell CH
AHRQ Author: Gray DT
Pediatric inpatient hospital resource use for congenital heart defects.
The authors sought to estimate healthcare costs for infants, children, and adolescents with congenital heart defects (CHDs). Using the 2009 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids' Inpatient Database (KID), they found that hospitalizations for children with CHDs have disproportionately high hospital costs compared with other pediatric hospitalizations, and the 17% of hospitalizations with critical CHD diagnoses accounted for 27% of CHD hospital costs.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Simeone RM, Oster ME, Cassell CH .
Pediatric inpatient hospital resource use for congenital heart defects.
Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 2014 Dec;100(12):934-43. doi: 10.1002/bdra.23262.
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Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Children/Adolescents, Healthcare Costs, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Hospitalization