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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
326 to 350 of 452 Research Studies DisplayedKarmali KN, Lee JY, Brown T
Predictors of cholesterol treatment discussions and statin prescribing for primary cardiovascular disease prevention in community health centers.
The authors aimed to identify factors associated with a cholesterol treatment discussion and statin prescribing in a high-risk population. They found that single risk factor management strongly influences cholesterol treatment discussions and statin prescribing patterns, and they recommended interventions that promote risk-based statin use.
AHRQ-funded; HS021141.
Citation: Karmali KN, Lee JY, Brown T .
Predictors of cholesterol treatment discussions and statin prescribing for primary cardiovascular disease prevention in community health centers.
Prev Med 2016 Jul;88:176-81. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.04.011.
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Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Heart Disease and Health, Community-Based Practice, Medication, Prevention
Chen J, Hsieh AF, Dharmarajan K
National trends in heart failure hospitalization after acute myocardial infarction for Medicare beneficiaries: 1998-2010.
This study used a complete national sample of 2 789 943 AMI hospitalizations of Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries from 1998 through 2010, we evaluated annual changes in the incidence of subsequent heart failure (HF) hospitalization and mortality using Poisson and survival analysis models. It found that HF hospitalization after AMI decreased from 1998 to 2010, which may indicate improvements in the management of AMI.
AHRQ-funded; HS018781.
Citation: Chen J, Hsieh AF, Dharmarajan K .
National trends in heart failure hospitalization after acute myocardial infarction for Medicare beneficiaries: 1998-2010.
Circulation 2013 Dec 17;128(24):2577-84. doi: 10.1161/circulationaha.113.003668..
Keywords: Hospitalization, Medicare, Heart Disease and Health, Mortality
Khazanie P, Greiner MA, Al-Khatib SM
Comparative effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy among patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation: Findings from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry's Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Registry.
The researchers investigated the outcomes of patients with both atrial fibrillation and heart failure who receive cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D) compared with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) alone. They found that CRT-D was associated with lower risks of mortality, all-cause readmission, and heart failure readmission, as well as with a similar risk of complications compared with ICD alone.
AHRQ-funded; HS021092.
Citation: Khazanie P, Greiner MA, Al-Khatib SM .
Comparative effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy among patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation: Findings from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry's Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Registry.
Circ Heart Fail 2016 Jun;9(6). doi: 10.1161/circheartfailure.115.002324.
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Keywords: Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Registries, Evidence-Based Practice, Outcomes
Kostick KM, Minard CG, Wilhelms LA
Development and validation of a patient-centered knowledge scale for left ventricular assist device placement.
The authors presented a comprehensive and valid methodology for developing a clinically informed and patient-centered measure of knowledge about left ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy to facilitate discussion and measure candidate understanding of treatment options. They concluded that the LVAD knowledge scale may be useful in clinical settings to identify gaps in knowledge among patient candidates considering LVAD treatment; to better tailor education and discussion with patients and their caregivers; and to enhance informed decision-making before treatment decisions are made.
AHRQ-funded; HS024849.
Citation: Kostick KM, Minard CG, Wilhelms LA .
Development and validation of a patient-centered knowledge scale for left ventricular assist device placement.
J Heart Lung Transplant 2016 Jun;35(6):768-76. doi: 10.1016/j.healun.2016.01.015.
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Keywords: Decision Making, Heart Disease and Health, Medical Devices, Patient and Family Engagement, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Piccini JP, Simon DN, Steinberg BA
Differences in clinical and functional outcomes of atrial fibrillation in women and men: two-year results from the ORBIT-AF Registry.
The purpose of this paper was to determine whether symptoms, quality of life, treatment, and outcomes differ between women and men with atrial fibrillation (AF). The authors found that women with AF have more symptoms and worse quality of life, lower risk-adjusted all-cause and cardiovascular death compared with men, but higher stroke rates.
AHRQ-funded; HS021092.
Citation: Piccini JP, Simon DN, Steinberg BA .
Differences in clinical and functional outcomes of atrial fibrillation in women and men: two-year results from the ORBIT-AF Registry.
JAMA Cardiol 2016 Jun 1;1(3):282-91. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2016.0529.
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Keywords: Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Sex Factors, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Outcomes, Quality of Life, Registries, Evidence-Based Practice
Spatz ES, Beckman AL, Wang Y
Geographic variation in trends and disparities in acute myocardial infarction hospitalization and mortality by income levels, 1999-2013.
The researchers sought to determine whether trends in US county-level, risk-standardized acute myocardial infarction (AMI) hospitalization and mortality rates varied by county-based median income level. They concluded that hospitalization and mortality rates of AMI declined among counties of all income levels, although hospitalization rates among low-income counties lag behind those of the higher income groups.
AHRQ-funded; HS023000.
Citation: Spatz ES, Beckman AL, Wang Y .
Geographic variation in trends and disparities in acute myocardial infarction hospitalization and mortality by income levels, 1999-2013.
JAMA Cardiol 2016 Jun 1;1(3):255-65. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2016.0382.
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Keywords: Disparities, Hospitalization, Heart Disease and Health, Mortality, Social Determinants of Health
Bergethon KE, Ju C, DeVore AD
Trends in 30-day readmission rates for patients hospitalized with heart failure: findings from the Get With The Guidelines-Heart Failure Registry.
The researchers analyzed data from the Heart Failure registry linked to Medicare claims between 2009 and 2012 to describe trends and relative reduction of rates of 30-day all-cause readmission among patients with heart failure. They concluded that although there has been slight improvement in 30-day all-cause readmission rates during the past 4 years in patients with heart failure, few hospitals have seen large success.
AHRQ-funded; HS021092.
Citation: Bergethon KE, Ju C, DeVore AD .
Trends in 30-day readmission rates for patients hospitalized with heart failure: findings from the Get With The Guidelines-Heart Failure Registry.
Circ Heart Fail 2016 Jun;9(6). doi: 10.1161/circheartfailure.115.002594.
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Keywords: Guidelines, Heart Disease and Health, Hospital Readmissions, Hospitalization, Registries
Bangalore S, Guo Y, Samadashvili Z
Revascularization in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease and severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction: everolimus-eluting stents versus coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
This study compared outcomes for patients with multivessel disease and severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction </=35%) who underwent either percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with everolimus-eluting stent or coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). It found that PCI with everolimus-eluting stent had comparable long-term survival in comparison with CABG. PCI was associated with higher risk of myocardial infarction (in those with incomplete revascularization) and repeat revascularization.
AHRQ-funded; HS023683.
Citation: Bangalore S, Guo Y, Samadashvili Z .
Revascularization in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease and severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction: everolimus-eluting stents versus coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
Circulation 2016 May 31;133(22):2132-40. doi: 10.1161/circulationaha.115.021168.
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Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Heart Disease and Health, Surgery, Outcomes, Risk
Blecker S, Park H, Katz SD
Association of HbA1c with hospitalization and mortality among patients with heart failure and diabetes.
Comorbid diabetes is common in heart failure and associated with increased hospitalization and mortality. Nonetheless, the association between glycemic control and outcomes among patients with heart failure and diabetes remains poorly characterized, particularly among low income and minority patients. This study found that among a cohort of primarily minority and low income patients with heart failure and diabetes, an increased risk of hospitalization was observed.
AHRQ-funded; HS023683.
Citation: Blecker S, Park H, Katz SD .
Association of HbA1c with hospitalization and mortality among patients with heart failure and diabetes.
BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2016 May 20;16:99. doi: 10.1186/s12872-016-0275-6.
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Keywords: Diabetes, Heart Disease and Health, Mortality, Hospitalization, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
O'Donoghue ML, Morrow DA, Cannon CP
Multimarker risk stratification in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
In this study, the investigators examined multimarker risk stratification in patients with acute myocardial infarction. They found that in patients with ST-elevation MI, a multimarker strategy that combines biomarkers across pathobiological axes of myocardial stress, myocyte necrosis, and inflammation provided incremental prognostic information for prediction of cardiovascular death or heart failure.
AHRQ-funded; HS023000.
Citation: O'Donoghue ML, Morrow DA, Cannon CP .
Multimarker risk stratification in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
J Am Heart Assoc 2016 May 20;5(5). doi: 10.1161/jaha.115.002586..
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Heart Disease and Health, Risk
Goedken AM, Lund BC, Cook EA
Application of a framework for determining number of drugs.
The purpose of the study was to propose a framework and illustrate how that framework can be used to create and succinctly describe various approaches to counting the number of drugs used by patients and to examine the impact of varying individual components of the framework on the resulting drug count.
AHRQ-funded; HS018381.
Citation: Goedken AM, Lund BC, Cook EA .
Application of a framework for determining number of drugs.
BMC Res Notes 2016 May 13;9:272. doi: 10.1186/s13104-016-2076-5.
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Keywords: Medication, Research Methodologies, Heart Disease and Health, Medicare
Holcomb CN, Hollis RH, Graham LA
Association of coronary stent indication with postoperative outcomes following noncardiac surgery.
The researchers sought to determine whether the clinical indication for a coronary stent is associated with postoperative major adverse cardiac events (MACE). They concluded that surgery in patients with a coronary stent placed for heart attack was associated with increased postoperative MACE rates compared with other stent indications.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Holcomb CN, Hollis RH, Graham LA .
Association of coronary stent indication with postoperative outcomes following noncardiac surgery.
JAMA Surg 2016 May;151(5):462-9. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2015.4545.
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Keywords: Surgery, Cardiovascular Conditions, Heart Disease and Health, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Barnett AS, Bahnson TD, Piccini JP
Recent advances in lesion formation for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation.
This review summarized several recent advancements in catheter technology for atrial fibrillation (AF ablation) aimed at improving lesion formation It concluded that despite advances during the past decade, recurrence of AF after ablation is common. Recent technological innovations are likely to increase the safety, efficiency, and durability of lesion formation.
AHRQ-funded; HS021092.
Citation: Barnett AS, Bahnson TD, Piccini JP .
Recent advances in lesion formation for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation.
Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2016 May;9(5). doi: 10.1161/circep.115.003299.
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Keywords: Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Treatments
Holcomb CN, Graham LA, Richman JS
The incremental risk of coronary stents on postoperative adverse events: a matched cohort study.
The objective of this study was to determine the incremental risk of coronary stents on adverse events in surgical patients and whether it varies over time from stent placement. It concluded that surgery after coronary stent placement is associated with an approximate 2 percent absolute risk for postoperative heart attack but no difference in mortality compared with nonstented matched controls.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Holcomb CN, Graham LA, Richman JS .
The incremental risk of coronary stents on postoperative adverse events: a matched cohort study.
Ann Surg 2016 May;263(5):924-30. doi: 10.1097/sla.0000000000001246..
Keywords: Adverse Events, Risk, Surgery, Patient Safety, Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions
Faridi KF, Peterson ED, McCoy LA
Timing of first postdischarge follow-up and medication adherence after acute myocardial infarction.
The investigators sought to determine whether earlier outpatient follow-up after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is associated with higher rates of medication adherence. They found that delayed outpatient follow-up beyond the first 6 weeks after AMI is associated with worse short-term and long-term patient medication adherence. They concluded that medication adherence is modifiable via improved care transitions.
AHRQ-funded; HS021092.
Citation: Faridi KF, Peterson ED, McCoy LA .
Timing of first postdischarge follow-up and medication adherence after acute myocardial infarction.
JAMA Cardiol 2016 May 1;1(2):147-55. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2016.0001.
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Keywords: Hospital Discharge, Medication, Heart Disease and Health, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Patient-Centered Healthcare
Sadeghi B, Walling AM, Romano PS
A hospital-based advance care planning intervention for patients with heart failure: a feasibility study.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of implementing a multiple-component hospital-based intervention on completion of advance care planning (ACP) forms among heart failure (HF) patients. It concluded that a hospital-based ACP intervention using nonclinician health educators is feasible to implement and has the potential to facilitate the ACP process.
AHRQ-funded HS019311.
Citation: Sadeghi B, Walling AM, Romano PS .
A hospital-based advance care planning intervention for patients with heart failure: a feasibility study.
J Palliat Med 2016 Apr;19(4):451-5. doi: 10.1089/jpm.2015.0269.
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Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Decision Making, Education: Patient and Caregiver, Heart Disease and Health, Hospitals
Smith MW, Owens PL, Andrews RM
AHRQ Author: Owens PL, Andrews RM, Steiner CA
Differences in severity at admission for heart failure between rural and urban patients: the value of adding laboratory results to administrative data.
This study’s main objective was to examine the role of laboratory test results in measuring disease severity at the time of admission for inpatients who reside in rural and urban areas. It concluded that heart failure patients from rural areas are hospitalized at lower severity levels than their urban counterparts. Laboratory test data provide insight on clinical severity and practice patterns beyond what is available in administrative discharge data.
AHRQ-authored; AHRQ-funded; 29020060009.
Citation: Smith MW, Owens PL, Andrews RM .
Differences in severity at admission for heart failure between rural and urban patients: the value of adding laboratory results to administrative data.
BMC Health Serv Res 2016 Apr 18;16(1):133. doi: 10.1186/s12913-016-1380-z.
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Keywords: Heart Disease and Health, Hospitalization, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Rural Health
Wyer P, Stojanovic Z, Shaffer JA
Combining training in knowledge translation with quality improvement reduced 30-day heart failure readmissions in a community hospital: a case study.
The authors linked multidisciplinary training in evidence-based practice to an initiative to decrease 30-day readmissions among patients admitted to a community teaching hospital for heart failure (HF). They discovered that training of a multidisciplinary hospital team in use of a knowledge translation model, combined with ongoing facilitation, led to implementation of a budget neutral program that decreased HF readmissions.
AHRQ-funded; HS018607.
Citation: Wyer P, Stojanovic Z, Shaffer JA .
Combining training in knowledge translation with quality improvement reduced 30-day heart failure readmissions in a community hospital: a case study.
J Eval Clin Pract 2016 Apr;22(2):171-9. doi: 10.1111/jep.12450.
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Keywords: Evidence-Based Practice, Heart Disease and Health, Quality Improvement, Hospital Readmissions, Training
Taslimitehrani V, Dong G, Pereira NL
Developing EHR-driven heart failure risk prediction models using CPXR(Log) with the probabilistic loss function.
The authors proposed to apply a classification algorithm, Contrast Pattern Aided Logistic Regression (CPXR(Log)) with the probabilistic loss function, to develop and validate prognostic risk models to predict 1, 2, and 5 year survival in heart failure (HF). They found that the new loss function used in the algorithm outperforms other functions used in previous studies and that HF is a highly heterogeneous disease (different subgroups of patients require different types of considerations with their diagnosis and treatment). They concluded that logistic risk models often make systematic prediction errors and that it is prudent to use subgroup based prediction models such as those given by CPXR(Log) when investigating heterogeneous diseases.
AHRQ-funded; HS023077.
Citation: Taslimitehrani V, Dong G, Pereira NL .
Developing EHR-driven heart failure risk prediction models using CPXR(Log) with the probabilistic loss function.
J Biomed Inform 2016 Apr;60:260-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jbi.2016.01.009.
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Keywords: Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Heart Disease and Health, Health Information Technology (HIT), Risk
McConnell KJ, Lindrooth RC, Wholey DR
Modern management practices and hospital admissions.
The researchers investigated whether the modern management practices and publicly reported performance measures are associated with choice of hospital for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). They found that, overall, a one standard deviation change in management practice scores is associated with an 8% increase in AMI admissions.
AHRQ-funded; HS018466.
Citation: McConnell KJ, Lindrooth RC, Wholey DR .
Modern management practices and hospital admissions.
Health Econ 2016 Apr;25(4):470-85. doi: 10.1002/hec.3171.
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Keywords: Hospitals, Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Quality Indicators (QIs), Quality Measures, Quality of Care, Public Reporting, Provider Performance
Dev S, Hoffman TK, Kavalieratos D
Barriers to adoption of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in patients with heart failure: A mixed-methods study.
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) are the most underutilized pharmacotherapy for heart failure. This study sought to ascertain barriers to optimal use of MRAs. It identified eight primary barriers to MRA adoption at the provider, patient, and health system levels from the prescriber perspective. These barriers can inform the creation of multilevel interventions that will be required to close the gap in MRA adoption.
AHRQ-funded; HS022989.
Citation: Dev S, Hoffman TK, Kavalieratos D .
Barriers to adoption of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in patients with heart failure: A mixed-methods study.
J Am Heart Assoc 2016 Mar 31;5(3). doi: 10.1161/jaha.115.002493.
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Keywords: Heart Disease and Health, Medication, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Practice Patterns
Redmond N, Booth JN, 3rd, Tanner RM
Prevalence of masked hypertension and its association with subclinical cardiovascular disease in African Americans: results from the Jackson Heart Study.
Using data from the Jackson Heart Study, an exclusively African American population-based cohort, the researchers evaluated the association of masked hypertension and prehypertension with left ventricular mass index and common carotid intima media thickness. Masked hypertension was common among African Americans with prehypertension and also normal clinic blood pressure, and was associated with subclinical cardiovascular disease.
AHRQ-funded; HS023009.
Citation: Redmond N, Booth JN, 3rd, Tanner RM .
Prevalence of masked hypertension and its association with subclinical cardiovascular disease in African Americans: results from the Jackson Heart Study.
J Am Heart Assoc 2016 Mar 29;5(3):e002284. doi: 10.1161/jaha.115.002284.
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Keywords: Blood Pressure, Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Brown JR, Rezaee ME, Nichols EL
Incidence and in-hospital mortality of acute kidney injury (AKI) and dialysis-requiring AKI (AKI-D) after cardiac catheterization in the National Inpatient Sample.
This study examined cardiac catheterization or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) hospital discharges from the nationally representative National Inpatient Sample to determine annual population incidence rates for AKI and AKI-D in the United States from 2001 to 2011. It found that the incidence of AKI among cardiac catheterization and PCI patients has increased sharply in the United States; however, mortality has significantly declined.
AHRQ-funded; HS018443.
Citation: Brown JR, Rezaee ME, Nichols EL .
Incidence and in-hospital mortality of acute kidney injury (AKI) and dialysis-requiring AKI (AKI-D) after cardiac catheterization in the National Inpatient Sample.
J Am Heart Assoc 2016 Mar 15;5(3):e002739. doi: 10.1161/jaha.115.002739.
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Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Adverse Events, Mortality, Patient Safety, Surgery, Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Kidney Disease and Health, Dialysis, Hospitals
Chrischilles EA, Schneider KM, Schroeder MC
Association between preadmission functional status and use and effectiveness of secondary prevention medications in elderly survivors of acute myocardial infarction.
The researchers sought to determine whether function-related indicators, derived from preadmission claims data, help explain the frequent practice of forgoing secondary prevention medications observed in Medicare. They found that greater impairment in preadmission functional status, using a measure derived from claims data, was associated with less use of secondary prevention medications after acute myocardial infarction.
AHRQ-funded; HS018381; HS019440.
Citation: Chrischilles EA, Schneider KM, Schroeder MC .
Association between preadmission functional status and use and effectiveness of secondary prevention medications in elderly survivors of acute myocardial infarction.
J Am Geriatr Soc 2016 Mar;64(3):526-35. doi: 10.1111/jgs.13953.
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Keywords: Elderly, Prevention, Medication, Heart Disease and Health
Charles-Schoeman C, Wang X, Lee YY
Association of triple therapy with improvement in cholesterol profiles over two-year followup in the treatment of early aggressive rheumatoid arthritis trial.
The researchers evaluated long-term changes in cholesterol levels in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who were randomized to begin treatment with methotrexate (MTX) monotherapy, MTX plus etanercept, or triple therapy (MTX plus sulfasalazine plus hydroxychloroquine) . Triple therapy was strongly associated with higher levels of HDL cholesterol, lower levels of LDL cholesterol, and higher ratios of total cholesterol.
AHRQ-funded; HS018517.
Citation: Charles-Schoeman C, Wang X, Lee YY .
Association of triple therapy with improvement in cholesterol profiles over two-year followup in the treatment of early aggressive rheumatoid arthritis trial.
Arthritis Rheumatol 2016 Mar;68(3):577-86. doi: 10.1002/art.39502.
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Keywords: Arthritis, Heart Disease and Health, Medication