National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
26 to 50 of 101 Research Studies DisplayedAnzuoni K, Field TS, Mazor KM
Recruitment challenges for low-risk health system intervention trials in older adults: a case study.
Researchers assessed factors associated with trial participation in the context of a low-risk intervention intended to reduce adverse drug events in recently hospitalized older adults. They found that recruiting older adults recently discharged from the hospital to participate in trials of low-risk, system-level interventions was challenging and may under-enroll the oldest individuals and those potentially at the highest risk for adverse events, limiting generalizability of study findings.
AHRQ-funded; HS023774.
Citation: Anzuoni K, Field TS, Mazor KM .
Recruitment challenges for low-risk health system intervention trials in older adults: a case study.
J Am Geriatr Soc 2020 Nov;68(11):2558-64. doi: 10.1111/jgs.16696..
Keywords: Elderly, Case Study, Research Methodologies, Health Services Research (HSR), Medication
Mills J, Wonoprabowo L
AHRQ Author: Mills J
Primary care-based interventions to prevent illicit drug use in children, adolescents, and young adults.
This case study concerns a 14-year-old patient who presents for a well-child visit. The patient eats a healthy diet, is part of a local soccer league, is an overall good student, and just started high school in the fall. The patient denies trying any illicit substances but reports trying to “get high” from cough syrup. Three questions are presented, and answers provided.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Mills J, Wonoprabowo L .
Primary care-based interventions to prevent illicit drug use in children, adolescents, and young adults.
Am Fam Physician 2020 Oct 15;102(8):493-94..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Young Adults, Substance Abuse, Primary Care, Prevention, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Case Study, Guidelines, Evidence-Based Practice
Feldman AG, Parsons JA, Dutmer CM
Subacute liver failure following gene replacement therapy for spinal muscular atrophy type 1.
This paper reports on two cases of transient, drug-induced liver failure after gene replacement therapy using an adeno-associated virus vector containing the survival motor neuron 1 gene.
AHRQ-funded; HS026510.
Citation: Feldman AG, Parsons JA, Dutmer CM .
Subacute liver failure following gene replacement therapy for spinal muscular atrophy type 1.
J Pediatr 2020 Oct;225:252-58.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.05.044..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Neurological Disorders, Genetics, Treatments, Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Medication, Medication: Safety, Patient Safety, Case Study
Fan T, Smith HJ
AHRQ Author: Fan T
Primary care interventions for prevention and cessation of tobacco use in children and adolescents.
In this case study, three questions are posed concerning a 13-year-old girl presenting for a routine well-child visit who reports that she has never used tobacco products in any form.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Fan T, Smith HJ .
Primary care interventions for prevention and cessation of tobacco use in children and adolescents.
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Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Case Study, Children/Adolescents, Tobacco Use: Smoking Cessation, Tobacco Use, Primary Care, Prevention, Substance Abuse
Schafer R, Phillippi JC
Group B streptococcal bacteriuria in pregnancy: an evidence-based, patient-centered approach to care.
Screening and management of group B streptococcus (GBS) bacteriuria in pregnancy aims to reduce the incidence of pyelonephritis and GBS-related neonatal morbidity and mortality. This article used a case study approach to discuss evidence-based, patient-centered care for group B streptococcal bacteriuria in pregnancy as well as ethical incorporation of individual patient preferences and values.
AHRQ-funded; HS024733.
Citation: Schafer R, Phillippi JC .
Group B streptococcal bacteriuria in pregnancy: an evidence-based, patient-centered approach to care.
J Midwifery Womens Health 2020 May;65(3):376-81. doi: 10.1111/jmwh.13085..
Keywords: Infectious Diseases, Pregnancy, Women, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Evidence-Based Practice, Newborns/Infants, Sepsis, Case Study
H H, Caton Gilstrap L
AHRQ Author: Tracer H
Screening for cognitive impairment in older adults.
This evidence-based approach paper focuses on putting prevention into action. It discusses screening for cognitive impairment in older adults. It provides case study, case study questions and a discussion.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: H H, Caton Gilstrap L .
Screening for cognitive impairment in older adults.
Am Fam Physician 2020 Jun 15;101(12):753-54..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Dementia, Neurological Disorders, Elderly, Screening, Prevention, Case Study, Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines
Mills J, Hulse S
AHRQ Author: Mills J
Screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria in adults.
This case study poses three questions concerning a 33-year-old woman presenting for a first prenatal visit at 8 weeks' gestation. The woman reported morning nausea and breast tenderness. A review of systems and physical examination were consistent with early pregnancy but were otherwise unremarkable.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Mills J, Hulse S .
Screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria in adults.
Am Fam Physician 2020 Apr 15;101(8):493-94..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Screening, Prevention, Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), Pregnancy, Maternal Care, Women, Case Study
Krantz MS, Liu Y, Phillips EJ
Anaphylaxis to PEGylated liposomal echocardiogram contrast in a patient with IgE-mediated macrogol allergy.
The authors describe a case of anaphylaxis to PEG 5000-conjugated liposomal perflutren, a perfluorocarbon gas used as echocardiography contrast. They conclude that, given the severity of the patient’s reactions, allergists, cardiologists, and radiologists should become aware of the possibility of hypersensitivity reactions to macrogols to facilitate prompt diagnosis, treatment, and future avoidance. They suggested that use of PEGylated liposomal perflutren and other drugs and devices containing HMW PEG be avoided in favor of alternatives when patients report previous immediate hypersensitivity reactions consistent with severe macrogol allergy. They recommended further studies.
AHRQ-funded; HS026395.
Citation: Krantz MS, Liu Y, Phillips EJ .
Anaphylaxis to PEGylated liposomal echocardiogram contrast in a patient with IgE-mediated macrogol allergy.
J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2020 Apr;8(4):1416-19.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2019.12.041..
Keywords: Adverse Events, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Patient Safety, Case Study
Beam K, Wojcik MH, Agrawal PB
Prenatal diagnosis of a ventral abdominal wall defect.
This paper is a case study describing an infant diagnosed prenatally with fetal ultrasonography with multiple abnormalities including a ventral abdominal wall defect and confirmed herniation of the liver with the portal vein extending outside the abdomen, stomach, small bowel, and majority of the large bowel without an overlying membrane. The kidneys were enlarged as well. Multiple surgeries were performed. Ultimately the infant died 38 days after birth.
AHRQ-funded; HS000063.
Citation: Beam K, Wojcik MH, Agrawal PB .
Prenatal diagnosis of a ventral abdominal wall defect.
Neoreviews 2020 Apr;21(4):e286-e92. doi: 10.1542/neo.21-4-e286..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Case Study
Fan T, Fakolade A
AHRQ Author: Fan T
Medication use to reduce risk of breast cancer.
In this case study, a 40-year-old woman comes to her doctor’s office for a routine gynecologic visit. She is not taking any medications and is generally healthy. She is sexually active, and her last menstrual period started 10 days ago. She states that her mother was diagnosed with bilateral breast cancer at 49 years of age and that she would like to discuss her options for reducing the risk of breast cancer. Three questions are posed about risk-reducing medications.
AHRQ-authored
Citation: Fan T, Fakolade A .
Medication use to reduce risk of breast cancer.
Am Fam Physician 2020 Mar 15;101(6):373-74..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Cancer: Breast Cancer, Cancer, Medication, Risk, Prevention, Case Study, Women
Mills J, Fakolade A
AHRQ Author: Mills J
Risk assessment, genetic counseling, and genetic testing for BRCA-related cancer.
In this case study, a 31-year-old woman presents for a well-woman examination. She indicates that her mother was diagnosed with tubal cancer at age 40, that her 42-year-old sister was recently diagnosed with breast cancer, and that her maternal aunt was diagnosed with breast cancer at age 45.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Mills J, Fakolade A .
Risk assessment, genetic counseling, and genetic testing for BRCA-related cancer.
Am Fam Physician 2020 Feb 15;101(4):239-40..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Cancer: Breast Cancer, Cancer, Genetics, Screening, Women, Prevention, Case Study
Mabry-Hernandez I, Yan LD
AHRQ Author: Mabry-Hernandez I
Screening for hepatitis B virus in pregnant women.
This case study involves a 33-year-old U.S.-born pregnant clinician presenting for a first prenatal visit. She was pregnant once, more than two years ago; at that time she screened negative for the hepatitis B virus (HBV). She reports that she received an HBV vaccination one year ago during a work-related physical examination.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Mabry-Hernandez I, Yan LD .
Screening for hepatitis B virus in pregnant women.
Am Fam Physician 2020 Jan 15;101(2):115-16..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Hepatitis, Pregnancy, Women, Maternal Care, Screening, Pregnancy, Case Study
Rafferty MR, MacDonald J, Byskosh A
Using implementation frameworks to provide proactive physical therapy for people with Parkinson disease: case report.
European clinical practice guidelines recommend physical therapy for people with Parkinson disease (PD) soon after diagnosis to provide education, physical activity advice, and individualized interventions when needed. However, therapy is frequently not used until after gait and balance problems occur. The purpose of this administrative case study was to present the application of a proactive physical therapy (PAPT) approach at 1 rehabilitation center using implementation frameworks to support the (1) implementation process, (2) determinants of implementation success, and (3) implementation evaluation.
AHRQ-funded; HS025077.
Citation: Rafferty MR, MacDonald J, Byskosh A .
Using implementation frameworks to provide proactive physical therapy for people with Parkinson disease: case report.
Phys Ther 2019 Dec 16;99(12):1644-55. doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzz129..
Keywords: Neurological Disorders, Rehabilitation, Case Study
Tracer H, Sanou A
AHRQ Author: Tracer H
Screening for pancreatic cancer.
This “Putting Prevention into Practice: An Evidence Based Approach” case study, is based on the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation for pancreatic cancer screening. It describes a patient scenario and poses questions.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Tracer H, Sanou A .
Screening for pancreatic cancer.
Am Fam Physician 2019 Dec 15;100(12):771-72..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Screening, Prevention, Cancer, Case Study, Primary Care
Jones YO, Hubbell BB, Thomson J
Things we do for no reason: systemic corticosteroids for wheezing in preschool-aged children.
This installment of the “Things We Do For No Reason” series presents and discusses a case study concerning the administration of systemic corticosteroids in a 4-year-old child presenting with wheezing, tachypnea, and respiratory distress. The authors conclude that current evidence does not support the routine use of systemic corticosteroids for preschool-aged children admitted for mild to moderate wheezing episodes, and that the patient in the introductory case would likely receive no clinical benefit from dexamethasone treatment.
AHRQ-funded; HS025138.
Citation: Jones YO, Hubbell BB, Thomson J .
Things we do for no reason: systemic corticosteroids for wheezing in preschool-aged children.
J Hosp Med 2019 Dec;14(12):774-76. doi: 10.12788/jhm.3255..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Respiratory Conditions, Asthma, Case Study, Decision Making, Medication
Stadnick NA, Sadler E, Sandall J
Comparative case studies in integrated care implementation from across the globe: a quest for action.
There are no formal guidelines for integrated care implementation applicable to diverse healthcare systems. In this paper, the investigators use a multiple case study design to highlight current integrated care implementation efforts through seven international case studies that target a range of healthcare systems, patient populations and implementation strategies and outcomes, and to synthesize the shared and unique challenges and successes across studies using the EPIS framework.
AHRQ-funded; HS024192.
Citation: Stadnick NA, Sadler E, Sandall J .
Comparative case studies in integrated care implementation from across the globe: a quest for action.
BMC Health Serv Res 2019 Nov 27;19(1):899. doi: 10.1186/s12913-019-4661-5..
Keywords: Healthcare Delivery, Health Services Research (HSR), Health Systems, Implementation, Case Study
Mills J, Day B
AHRQ Author: Mills J
Interventions to prevent perinatal depression.
This case study relates to interventions to prevent perinatal depression. It includes a case description as well as follow up questions and answers.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Mills J, Day B .
Interventions to prevent perinatal depression.
Am Fam Physician 2019 Sep 15;100(6):365-66..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Pregnancy, Depression, Behavioral Health, Prevention, Women, Case Study
Mabry-Hernandez I, Mock A
AHRQ Author: Mabry-Hernandez I
Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm.
This Putting Prevention into Practice case study concerns a 65-year-old man with no significant medical history whose father who died from an abdominal aortic aneurysm in his 60s. The patient wants to know if he should be screened for this condition. The case study provides three questions along with answers.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Mabry-Hernandez I, Mock A .
Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm.
Am Fam Physician 2020 May 15;101(10):621-22.
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Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Cardiovascular Conditions, Screening, Prevention, Case Study, Evidence-Based Practice
Springs S, Rofeberg V, Brown S
Community-engaged evidence synthesis to inform public health policy and clinical practice: a case study.
This case study documents the work of the Rhode Island Arts and Health Advisory Group, which convened in 2016 to develop a set of policy, clinical practice, and research recommendations for implementation by the Rhode Island Department of Health, The Rhode Island State Council on the Arts, and partners. Comprised of artists, clinicians, community members, and patients, the group partnered with researchers to complete an evidence synthesis project of arts-based health care interventions.
AHRQ-funded; HS023299; HS022998.
Citation: Springs S, Rofeberg V, Brown S .
Community-engaged evidence synthesis to inform public health policy and clinical practice: a case study.
Med Care 2019 Oct;57 Suppl 10 Suppl 3:S253-s58. doi: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000001180..
Keywords: Public Health, Policy, Case Study, Evidence-Based Practice, Implementation, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Mabry-Hernandez I, Scoulios N
AHRQ Author: Mabry-Hernandez I
Screening and behavioral counseling interventions to reduce unhealthy alcohol use in adolescents and adults.
This case study concerns a 20-year-old male university student with a history of exercise-induced asthma presenting for his yearly physical. He expresses that he occasionally misses classes in the morning because he is tired.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Mabry-Hernandez I, Scoulios N .
Screening and behavioral counseling interventions to reduce unhealthy alcohol use in adolescents and adults.
Am Fam Physician 2019 Jun 15;99(12):771-72..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Alcohol Use, Substance Abuse, Screening, Prevention, Primary Care, Case Study
Borsky AE, Zhang E
AHRQ Author: Borsky AE
Screening for intimate partner violence, elder abuse, and abuse of vulnerable adults.
This Putting Prevention into Practice case study demonstrates how a U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation can used by clinicians. This case study uses the Screening for Intimate Partner Violence, Elder Abuse, and Abuse of Vulnerable Adults recommendation as an example. Three quiz questions are given which directly link to the recommendations. The questions involve screening guidelines, screening instruments, and follow-up if there is a positive screening and detailed answers are provided.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Borsky AE, Zhang E .
Screening for intimate partner violence, elder abuse, and abuse of vulnerable adults.
Am Fam Physician 2019 May 15;99(10):649-50..
Keywords: Case Study, Domestic Violence, Elderly, Evidence-Based Practice, Screening, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Vulnerable Populations
Childers CP, Dworsky JQ, Massoumi RL
The contemporary appendectomy for acute uncomplicated appendicitis in children.
The purpose of this research was to study cases of acute, uncomplicated appendicitis in children. The researchers found that, in a population of 9,507 patients, the children have excellent clinical outcomes, although children aged 5 and under have an increased risk of negative appendectomy. Also, more than one-third of children received a computed tomography prior to the operation despite guidelines against their use.
AHRQ-funded; HS025079.
Citation: Childers CP, Dworsky JQ, Massoumi RL .
The contemporary appendectomy for acute uncomplicated appendicitis in children.
Surgery 2019 May;165(5):1027-34. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2018.12.019..
Keywords: Case Study, Children/Adolescents, Surgery
Mabry-Hernandez I, Ojeda LC
AHRQ Author: Mabry-Hernandez I
Behavioral weight loss interventions to prevent obesity-related morbidity and mortality in adults.
This Putting Prevention Into Practice (PPIP) case-study quiz illustrates the recommendations of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force on Behavioral Weight Loss Interventions to Prevent Obesity-Related Morbidity and Mortality in Adults. Three questions were created about a 32-year old women presents with normal blood glucose levels, but has a BMI of 34. The answers are given below the quiz which illustrate the recommendations that were given.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Mabry-Hernandez I, Ojeda LC .
Behavioral weight loss interventions to prevent obesity-related morbidity and mortality in adults.
Am Fam Physician 2019 Apr 15;99(8):515-16..
Keywords: Case Study, Obesity, Obesity: Weight Management, Screening, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)
Dalglish SL, Sriram V, Scott K
A framework for medical power in two case studies of health policymaking in India and Niger.
Medical professionals influence health policymaking but the power they exercise is not well understood in low- and middle-income countries. In this study, the authors explore medical power in national health policymaking for child survival in Niger (late 1990s-2012) and emergency medicine specialisation in India (early 1990s-2015). Both case studies used document review, in-depth interviews and non-participant observation; combined analysis traced policy processes and established theoretical categories around power to build a conceptual framework of medical power in health policymaking.
AHRQ-funded; HS000078.
Citation: Dalglish SL, Sriram V, Scott K .
A framework for medical power in two case studies of health policymaking in India and Niger.
Glob Public Health 2019 Apr;14(4):542-54. doi: 10.1080/17441692.2018.1457705..
Keywords: Case Study, Policy
Tracer H, Welch R
AHRQ Author: Tracer H
Screening for atrial fibrillation with electrocardiography.
This case study describes a 67-year-old woman with hypertension who neither drinks nor smokes and is moderately physically active. Her brother has recently been diagnosed with atrial fibrillation and she requests an electrocardiograph (ECG) to be screened herself for this condition. The case study questions are based on USPSTF recommendations for screening for atrial fibrillation with electrocardiography.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Tracer H, Welch R .
Screening for atrial fibrillation with electrocardiography.
Am Fam Physician 2019 Mar 15;99(6):383-84..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Screening, Prevention, Evidence-Based Practice, Case Study, Guidelines