National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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Search All Research Studies
Topics
- Antibiotics (1)
- Brain Injury (2)
- (-) Children/Adolescents (13)
- Clinical Decision Support (CDS) (1)
- Community-Acquired Infections (1)
- Decision Making (1)
- Diagnostic Safety and Quality (2)
- Disparities (1)
- Emergency Department (6)
- Emergency Medical Services (EMS) (1)
- Evidence-Based Practice (1)
- Guidelines (1)
- Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) (1)
- Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) (1)
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- (-) Imaging (13)
- Injuries and Wounds (1)
- Medication (1)
- Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (1)
- Neurological Disorders (2)
- Outcomes (1)
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (1)
- Patient Safety (1)
- Pneumonia (1)
- Practice Patterns (2)
- Prevention (1)
- Racial and Ethnic Minorities (1)
- Respiratory Conditions (2)
- Screening (1)
- Sickle Cell Disease (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 13 of 13 Research Studies DisplayedMorrone K, Andreca M, Silver EJ
Associating a standardized reporting tool for chest radiographs with clinical complications in pediatric acute chest syndrome.
The objective of this retrospective cohort study was to analyze the interobserver agreement among pediatric radiologists' interpretations for pediatric acute chest syndrome (ACS) chest radiographs. The researchers also explored the association of radiographic findings with ACS complications. Data was taken from pediatric ACS admissions from a single institution in 2019. The results showed moderate to near-perfect agreement between radiologists. Left lower opacity, and pleural effusion were associated with increased risk of ACS complications.
AHRQ-funded.
Citation: Morrone K, Andreca M, Silver EJ .
Associating a standardized reporting tool for chest radiographs with clinical complications in pediatric acute chest syndrome.
Pediatr Pulmonol 2023 Nov; 58(11):3139-46. doi: 10.1002/ppul.26634..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Imaging, Sickle Cell Disease, Respiratory Conditions
Geanacopoulos AT, Neuman MI, Lipsett SC
Association of chest radiography with outcomes in pediatric pneumonia: a population-based study.
This study’s objective was to evaluate the association of performing a chest radiograph (CXR) with 7-day hospitalization after emergency department (ED) discharge among pediatric patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). This retrospective cohort study included 206,694 children aged 3 months to 17 years discharged from any ED within 8 states from 2014 to 2019. Secondary outcomes included 7-day ED revisits and a 7-day hospitalization with severe CAP. Among these children diagnosed with CAP, rates of 7-day ED revisit, hospitalization, and severe CAP were 8.9%, 1.6%, and 0.4%, respectively. After adjusting for illness severity, CXR was associated with fewer 7-day hospitalizations (1.6% vs 1.7%). CXR performance varied somewhat between EDs (median 91.5%). EDs in the highest quartile had fewer 7-day hospitalizations (1.4% vs 1.9%), ED revisits (8.5% vs 9.4%), and hospitalizations for severe CAP (0.3% vs 0.5%) as compared to EDs with the lowest quartile of CXR utilization.
AHRQ-funded; HS026503.
Citation: Geanacopoulos AT, Neuman MI, Lipsett SC .
Association of chest radiography with outcomes in pediatric pneumonia: a population-based study.
Hosp Pediatr 2023 Jul; 13(7):614-23. doi: 10.1542/hpeds.2023-007142..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Imaging, Pneumonia, Respiratory Conditions, Community-Acquired Infections
Marin JR, Rodean J, Mannix RC
Association of clinical guidelines and decision support with CT use in pediatric mild traumatic brain injury.
The objective of this study was to examine whether the presence of clinical guidelines and clinical decision support (CDS) for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) were associated with lower head computed tomography (CT) use. The investigators concluded that clinical guidelines for mTBI, and particularly CDS, were associated with lower rates of head CT use without adverse clinical outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; HS026006.
Citation: Marin JR, Rodean J, Mannix RC .
Association of clinical guidelines and decision support with CT use in pediatric mild traumatic brain injury.
J Pediatr 2021 Aug;235:178-83.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.04.026..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Clinical Decision Support (CDS), Decision Making, Health Information Technology (HIT), Brain Injury, Guidelines, Evidence-Based Practice, Imaging
Cavallaro SC, Monuteaux MC, Chaudhari PP
Use of neuroimaging for children with seizure in general and pediatric emergency departments.
Investigators sought to compare rates of head computed tomography (CT) scans for pediatric seizure between general and pediatric emergency departments (EDs). Subjects were patients 21 years of age or less who presented to an ED with a chief complaint or diagnosis of seizure. They investigators found that general EDs obtained CT scans of the head more often in patients with epilepsy, without fever, and without trauma. They concluded that children with seizure were more likely to undergo CT scans of the head at general EDs compared with pediatric EDs.
AHRQ-funded; HS026503.
Citation: Cavallaro SC, Monuteaux MC, Chaudhari PP .
Use of neuroimaging for children with seizure in general and pediatric emergency departments.
J Emerg Med 2021 Apr;60(4):478-84. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2020.10.044..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Emergency Department, Imaging, Neurological Disorders
Marin JR, Rodean J, Hall M
Racial and ethnic differences in emergency department diagnostic imaging at US children's hospitals, 2016-2019.
Researchers evaluated racial and ethnic differences in the performance of common ED imaging studies and examined patterns across diagnoses. In this study, which evaluated visits by nonhospitalized patients younger than 18 years in 44 US children's hospital EDs, they found that non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic children were less likely to receive diagnostic imaging during ED visits compared with non-Hispanic White children. They recommended further investigation to understand and mitigate these potential disparities in health care delivery and to evaluate the effect of these differential imaging patterns on patient outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; HS026006.
Citation: Marin JR, Rodean J, Hall M .
Racial and ethnic differences in emergency department diagnostic imaging at US children's hospitals, 2016-2019.
JAMA Netw Open 2021 Jan 4(1):e2033710. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.33710..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Hospitals, Emergency Department, Imaging, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Disparities, Diagnostic Safety and Quality
Henry MK, French B, Feudtner C
Cervical spine imaging and injuries in young children with non-motor vehicle crash-associated traumatic brain injury.
Researchers evaluated cervical magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography practices and cervical spine injuries among a stratified random sample of young children with non-motor vehicle crash-associated traumatic brain injury (TBI). They found that abusive head trauma victims appeared to be at increased risk of cervical injuries. They recommended prospective studies to define the risk of cervical injury in children with TBI concerning for abusive head trauma and to inform development of imaging guidelines.
AHRQ-funded; HS024194.
Citation: Henry MK, French B, Feudtner C .
Cervical spine imaging and injuries in young children with non-motor vehicle crash-associated traumatic brain injury.
Pediatr Emerg Care 2021 Jan;37(1):e1-e6. doi: 10.1097/pec.0000000000001455..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Imaging, Injuries and Wounds, Injuries and Wounds, Emergency Department
Marin JR, Rodean J, Hall M
Trends in use of advanced imaging in pediatric emergency departments, 2009-2018.
This study looked at trends in advanced imaging use in pediatric emergency departments (ED) from 2009 to 2018. This cross-sectional study assessed 26,082,062 ED visits by children younger than 18 years from the Pediatric Health Information System administrative database. These visits were made by 9,868,406 children (mean [SD] age, 5.59 [5.15] years; 13,842,567 [53.1%] male; 9,273,181 [35.6%] non-Hispanic white) to 32 US pediatric EDs during the 10-year study period. Advanced imaging trends looked at were for computed tomography (CT), ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Trends in ED length of stay after imaging was also examined. ED encounters increased from 6.4% in 2009 to 8.7% in 2018. There were increases for ultrasonography and MRIs, but rates decreased slightly for CT. Increased use of ultrasonography were for abdominal pain and appendectomy, and MRI for ventricular shunt procedures. The largest decreases in CT rates were for concussion, appendectomy, ventricular shunt procedures, and headaches.
AHRQ-funded; HS026006.
Citation: Marin JR, Rodean J, Hall M .
Trends in use of advanced imaging in pediatric emergency departments, 2009-2018.
JAMA Pediatr 2020 Sep;174(9):e202209. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.2209..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Emergency Department, Imaging
McBride S, Thurm C, Gouripeddi R
Comparison of empiric antibiotics for acute osteomyelitis in children.
Broad-spectrum antibiotics are commonly used for the empiric treatment of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis and often target methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with medication-associated risk and unknown treatment benefit. In this study, the investigators aimed to compare clinical outcomes among patients with osteomyelitis who did and did not receive initial antibiotics used to target MRSA. The investigators found that, early antibiotic treatment used to target MRSA was associated with a higher rate of repeat MRI.
AHRQ-funded; HS019862.
Citation: McBride S, Thurm C, Gouripeddi R .
Comparison of empiric antibiotics for acute osteomyelitis in children.
Hosp Pediatr 2018 May;8(5):280-87. doi: 10.1542/hpeds.2017-0079..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Antibiotics, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Medication, Imaging, Patient Safety
Henry MK, Zonfrillo MR, French B
Hospital variation in cervical spine imaging of young children with traumatic brain injury.
The authors sought to identify child-level and hospital-level factors associated with performance of cervical imaging of children with traumatic brain injury from falls and abusive head trauma. They found no association between annual hospital volume of injured children and cervical imaging performance.
AHRQ-funded; HS024194.
Citation: Henry MK, Zonfrillo MR, French B .
Hospital variation in cervical spine imaging of young children with traumatic brain injury.
Acad Pediatr 2016 Sep-Oct;16(7):684-91. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2016.01.017.
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Keywords: Brain Injury, Children/Adolescents, Imaging, Hospitals, Practice Patterns
Reeves SL, Madden B, Freed GL
Transcranial doppler screening among children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia.
The study’s objectives were to assess the feasibility of using administrative claims data to identify and describe the receipt of transcranial Doppler (TCD) screening among children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia and to characterize opportunities for intervention. Despite national recommendations, TCD screening rates remain low. Successful strategies to improve TCD screening rates may capitalize on the numerous health care interactions among children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia.
AHRQ-funded; HS020516.
Citation: Reeves SL, Madden B, Freed GL .
Transcranial doppler screening among children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia.
JAMA Pediatr 2016 Jun;170(6):550-6. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.4859.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Imaging, Prevention, Screening
Lyons TW, Johnson KB, Michelson KA
Yield of emergent neuroimaging in children with new-onset seizure and status epilepticus.
The purpose of this paper was to determine the yield of emergent neuroimaging among children with new-onset seizures presenting with status epilepticus. The authors found that a substantial minority of children with new-onset seizures presenting with status epilepticus have urgent or emergent intracranial pathology identified on neuroimaging and that magnetic resonance imaging is the preferred imaging modality when available and safe.
AHRQ-funded; HS000063.
Citation: Lyons TW, Johnson KB, Michelson KA .
Yield of emergent neuroimaging in children with new-onset seizure and status epilepticus.
Seizure 2016 Feb;35:4-10. doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2015.12.009.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Imaging, Neurological Disorders, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Marin JR, Wang L, Winger DG
Variation in computed tomography imaging for pediatric injury-related emergency visits.
This study assessed variation in the use of computed tomography (CT) for pediatric injury-related emergency department (ED) visits. It found wide variation in CT imaging for pediatric injury-related visits not attributable solely to case mix. In multivariable analysis of nonpediatric EDs, trauma centers and nonacademic EDs were associated with CT use. Higher pediatric volume was associated with any CT use.
AHRQ-funded; HS023498.
Citation: Marin JR, Wang L, Winger DG .
Variation in computed tomography imaging for pediatric injury-related emergency visits.
J Pediatr 2015 Oct;167(4):897-904.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.06.052..
Keywords: Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Children/Adolescents, Children/Adolescents, Emergency Department, Imaging
Johnson EK, Graham DA, Chow JS
Nationwide emergency department imaging practices for pediatric urolithiasis: room for improvement.
The researchers describe the national use of computed tomography (CT) versus ultrasound imaging for pediatric patients seen at emergency departments (EDs) for suspected urolithiasis (SU) during the period 2006-2010. Use of CT was much higher than use of ultrasound, although it dropped off after 2007. Lowest CT use was seen at EDs that care for more children.
AHRQ-funded; HS019485
Citation: Johnson EK, Graham DA, Chow JS .
Nationwide emergency department imaging practices for pediatric urolithiasis: room for improvement.
J Urol. 2014 Jul;192(1):200-6. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.01.028..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Emergency Department, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Imaging, Children/Adolescents, Practice Patterns