National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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Search All Research Studies
Topics
- Adverse Drug Events (ADE) (1)
- Adverse Events (1)
- Ambulatory Care and Surgery (1)
- (-) Antibiotics (10)
- Antimicrobial Stewardship (1)
- Children/Adolescents (3)
- Community-Acquired Infections (1)
- Diagnostic Safety and Quality (1)
- Emergency Department (2)
- Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) (1)
- Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) (1)
- Hospital Discharge (1)
- Infectious Diseases (2)
- Medication (7)
- Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (1)
- Patient Safety (1)
- Pneumonia (1)
- Practice Patterns (1)
- Racial and Ethnic Minorities (1)
- Respiratory Conditions (1)
- Risk (1)
- (-) Skin Conditions (10)
- Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 10 of 10 Research Studies DisplayedWurcel AG, Essien UR, Ortiz C
Variation by race in antibiotics prescribed for hospitalized patients with skin and soft tissue infections.
This cohort study examined antibiotics prescribed and variations by race among hospitalized patients with skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). A subanalysis of multisite, cross-sectional data collected through a national survey of acute care hospital groups within Vizient, Inc. considering adult inpatients treated for SSTIs was used. Of the 1242 adult inpatients included from 91 US hospitals, 45% were female, 18% were Black, and 69% were White with a mean age of 58 years. Penicillin allergy with hives was found in 23%, 19% with rash, and 18% with unknown effects, with allergy found more frequent in Black patients (23%) versus White (18%). Adjusting for multiple factors, White inpatients were at an increased risk of cefazolin use and decreased risk of clindamycin use compared with Black inpatients. Cefazolin use with less likely to be prescribed to Black inpatients than White inpatients and they were likely to be prescribed clindamycin. Cefazolin is considered a first-line SSTI treatment with clindamycin not recommended given frequent dosing and high potential for adverse effects including Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Although penicillin allergy is described as more prevalent among White patients, the authors observed an increased prevalence among Black inpatients compared with White inpatients treated for SSTI.
Citation: Wurcel AG, Essien UR, Ortiz C .
Variation by race in antibiotics prescribed for hospitalized patients with skin and soft tissue infections.
JAMA Netw Open 2021 Dec;4(12):e2140798. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.40798..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Skin Conditions, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Practice Patterns, Medication
Soper NS, Appukutty AJ, Paje D
Antibiotic overuse after discharge from medical short-stay units.
This study investigated antibiotic overuse after discharge from medical short-stay units (SSUs). This cross-sectional study included patients hospitalized in 2 different medical SSUs with a total of 40 beds at a single academic medical center. Eligible adults were discharged with an oral antibiotic from either SSU from May 2018 to September 2019. Of 100 patients discharged from SSUs with antibiotics, 47 had a skin and soft-tissue infection (SSTI), 22 pneumonia, 21 UTI, and 10 had “other” infections. Overall, 78 cases (78%) were defined as overuse, including 39 of 47 of those treated for SSTI, 17 of 21 for UTI, and 14 of 22 for pneumonia. The most common types of overuse were excess duration and guideline discordant selection. Examples of factors influencing overuse included consultant recommendations, miscalculation of duration, and the need for source control procedure.
AHRQ-funded; HS026530.
Citation: Soper NS, Appukutty AJ, Paje D .
Antibiotic overuse after discharge from medical short-stay units.
Nov;43(11):1689-92. doi: 10.1017/ice.2021.346..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Medication, Pneumonia, Skin Conditions, Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), Respiratory Conditions, Hospital Discharge
Neubauer HC, Hall M, Lopez MA
Antibiotic regimens and associated outcomes in children hospitalized with staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome.
Controversy exists regarding the optimal antibiotic regimen for use in hospitalized children with staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS). Various regimens may confer toxin suppression and/or additional coverage for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) or methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA). The purpose of this study was to describe antibiotic regimens in hospitalized children with SSSS and examine the association between antistaphylococcal antibiotic regimens and patient outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; HS026006.
Citation: Neubauer HC, Hall M, Lopez MA .
Antibiotic regimens and associated outcomes in children hospitalized with staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome.
J Hosp Med 2021 Mar;16(3):149-55. doi: 10.12788/jhm.3529..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Antibiotics, Medication, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Skin Conditions, Infectious Diseases
Stone CA, Trubiano JA, Phillips EJ
Testing strategies and predictors for evaluating immediate and delayed reactions to cephalosporins.
Although 1% to 2% of the general population carries a cephalosporin allergy label (CAL), there is a lack of validated testing strategies and predictors of true allergy. The objective of this study was to identify cross-reactivity patterns and predictors of skin test positive (STP) in geographically disparate patients with a CAL. The investigators found that cephalosporin cross-reactivity was based on shared R1 groupings. Increasing time since the original reaction and the presence of a PAL with unknown cephalosporin tolerance predicted a lower likelihood of cephalosporin STP.
AHRQ-funded; HS026395.
Citation: Stone CA, Trubiano JA, Phillips EJ .
Testing strategies and predictors for evaluating immediate and delayed reactions to cephalosporins.
J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2021 Jan;9(1):435-44e13. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.07.056..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Medication, Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Skin Conditions, Diagnostic Safety and Quality
Fritz SA, Shapiro DJ, Hersh AL
National trends in incidence of purulent skin and soft tissue infections in patients presenting to ambulatory and emergency department settings, 2000-2015.
This study looked at national trends in the incidence of outpatient visits for skin infections from 2000-2015, which peaked in 2010-2013, followed by a plateau in 2014 and 2015. Cephalexin was the most frequently prescribed antibiotic at the beginning of the study, with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole then becoming the most frequently prescribed by the end of the study period.
AHRQ-funded; HS021736; HS024269.
Citation: Fritz SA, Shapiro DJ, Hersh AL .
National trends in incidence of purulent skin and soft tissue infections in patients presenting to ambulatory and emergency department settings, 2000-2015.
Clin Infect Dis 2020 Jun 10;70(12):2715-18. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciz977..
Keywords: Skin Conditions, Ambulatory Care and Surgery, Emergency Department, Antibiotics, Medication
Baxa J, McCreary E, Schulz L
Finding the niche: an interprofessional approach to defining oritavancin use criteria in the emergency department.
This study’s purpose was to identify a population of emergency department (ED) patients with cellulitis who would be the most appropriate to receive oritavancin which is a novel, broad-spectrum antibiotic. This antibiotic is given in one dose for the entire treatment course. A retrospective cohort study of cellulitis patients was conducted at a Midwest healthcare system with 2 EDs. All adult patients admitted from the ED to an inpatient ward were reviewed over a 1-year period. Potentially avoidable admissions (PAAs) were identified and characterized. Out of 86 patients, nine were deemed a PAA. The majority had at last one risk factor for treatment failure (55% with diabetes mellitus) and they were significantly younger than the non-PAA group. In other respects there was no difference between the two groups for non-age demographics and other risk factors or length of stay.
AHRQ-funded; HS024342.
Citation: Baxa J, McCreary E, Schulz L .
Finding the niche: an interprofessional approach to defining oritavancin use criteria in the emergency department.
Am J Emerg Med 2020 Feb;38(2):321-24. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2019.158442..
Keywords: Emergency Department, Skin Conditions, Antibiotics, Medication
Ren Z, Laumann AE, Silverberg JI
Association of dermatomyositis with systemic and opportunistic infections in the United States.
This study examined whether dermatomyositis is associated with opportunistic and antibiotic-resistant infections. Data was analyzed from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2002 to 2012 with a cross-sectional representative 20% sample of all hospitalizations in the US. There was an association found with serious infections in adults and children, with more associated with adults. Infections were found in the skin, bone, joints, brain, heart, lungs, and gastrointestinal system. Predictors of infections included non-white race/ethnicity, insurance status, history of long-term corticosteroid usage, Cushing’s syndrome, diabetes and cancer. This in turn caused higher odds, costs, and inpatient mortality from these infections.
AHRQ-funded; HS023011.
Citation: Ren Z, Laumann AE, Silverberg JI .
Association of dermatomyositis with systemic and opportunistic infections in the United States.
Arch Dermatol Res 2019 Jul;311(5):377-87. doi: 10.1007/s00403-019-01913-0..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Infectious Diseases, Risk, Skin Conditions
Briscoe CC, Reich P, Fritz S
Staphylococcus aureus antibiotic susceptibility patterns in pediatric atopic dermatitis.
Researchers characterized Staphylococcus aureus strains recovered from pediatric atopic dermatitis patients with clinically apparent bacterial skin infections treated in an academic medical center. They conducted a five-year retrospective study to characterize the S aureus strains; patient demographics and dilute bleach bath usage were assessed to determine whether these factors were correlated with methicillin resistance. Culture results from the cohort were compared to those from pediatric patients presenting to a children's hospital emergency department with S aureus skin abscesses. The researchers concluded that first-generation cephalosporins remains an appropriate empiric therapy for most pediatric atopic dermatitis patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS021736; HS024269.
Citation: Briscoe CC, Reich P, Fritz S .
Staphylococcus aureus antibiotic susceptibility patterns in pediatric atopic dermatitis.
Pediatr Dermatol 2019 Jul;36(4):482-85. doi: 10.1111/pde.13867..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Children/Adolescents, Medication, Skin Conditions
Hogan PG, Rodriguez M, Spenner AM
Impact of systemic antibiotics on staphylococcus aureus colonization and recurrent skin infection.
This study found that systemic antibiotics, as part of acute skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) management in conjunction with incision and drainage, impacted S. aureus colonization, thus contributing to a decreased incidence of recurrent SSTI. The mechanism by which clindamycin differentially affects colonization and recurrent SSTI compared to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) warrants further study.
AHRQ-funded; HS021736; HS024269.
Citation: Hogan PG, Rodriguez M, Spenner AM .
Impact of systemic antibiotics on staphylococcus aureus colonization and recurrent skin infection.
Clin Infect Dis 2018 Jan 6;66(2):191-97. doi: 10.1093/cid/cix754.
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Keywords: Antibiotics, Children/Adolescents, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Patient Safety, Skin Conditions
Daum RS, Miller LG, Immergluck L
A placebo-controlled trial of antibiotics for smaller skin abscesses.
The authors evaluated the appropriate management of uncomplicated skin abscesses in the era of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). They concluded that, compared with incision and drainage alone, clindamycin or TMP-SMX in conjunction with incision and drainage improves short-term outcomes in patients who have a simple abscess. This benefit must be weighed against the known side-effect profile of these antimicrobials.
AHRQ-funded; HS024338.
Citation: Daum RS, Miller LG, Immergluck L .
A placebo-controlled trial of antibiotics for smaller skin abscesses.
N Engl J Med 2017 Jun 29;376(26):2545-55. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1607033.
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Keywords: Antibiotics, Community-Acquired Infections, Skin Conditions