National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
51 to 75 of 1474 Research Studies DisplayedChrisinger BW, Grossestreuer AV, Laguna MC
Characteristics of automated external defibrillator coverage in Philadelphia, PA, based on land use and estimated risk.
The authors investigated how well the likelihood of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest was met by the supply of automated external defibrillators (AED) in a dense urban environment. This article offers one method by which local officials can use spatial data to prioritize attention for AED placement and coverage.
AHRQ-funded; HS018362.
Citation: Chrisinger BW, Grossestreuer AV, Laguna MC .
Characteristics of automated external defibrillator coverage in Philadelphia, PA, based on land use and estimated risk.
Resuscitation 2016 Dec;109:9-15. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.09.021.
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Keywords: Medical Devices, Health Insurance, Urban Health, Cardiovascular Conditions
Kannampallil T, Galanter WL, Falck S
Characterizing the pain score trajectories of hospitalized adult medical and surgical patients: a retrospective cohort study.
The authors described a 1-year, retrospective, observational study to characterize pain trajectories of hospitalized adults during the first 48 hours after admission at an urban academic medical center. They found that trajectories showed differences based on race, gender, service, and initial pain score, with patients presumed to have dissimilar pain experiences having markedly different pain trajectories. Pain reduction 48 hours after admission was approximately 50% of the initial pain, while most patients' pain failed to fully resolve.
AHRQ-funded; HS021093.
Citation: Kannampallil T, Galanter WL, Falck S .
Characterizing the pain score trajectories of hospitalized adult medical and surgical patients: a retrospective cohort study.
Pain 2016 Dec;157(12):2739-46. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000693.
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Keywords: Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Hospitalization, Pain
Kenzik KM, Kent EE, Martin MY
Chronic condition clusters and functional impairment in older cancer survivors: a population-based study.
The purpose of this study was to identify chronic condition clusters at pre- and post-cancer diagnosis, evaluate predictors of developing clusters post-cancer, and examine the impact on functional impairment among older cancer survivors. It found that distinct condition clusters of two or more chronic conditions are prevalent among older cancer survivors. Cluster prevalence increases from pre- to post-cancer diagnosis.
AHRQ-funded; HS023009; HS013852.
Citation: Kenzik KM, Kent EE, Martin MY .
Chronic condition clusters and functional impairment in older cancer survivors: a population-based study.
J Cancer Surviv 2016 Dec;10(6):1096-103. doi: 10.1007/s11764-016-0553-4.
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Keywords: Chronic Conditions, Cancer, Elderly, Research Methodologies, Health Status
Anesi JA, Lautenbach E, Nachamkin I
Clinical and molecular characterization of community-onset urinary tract infections due to extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae.
The objective of this paper was to evaluate risk factors for and molecular characteristics of community-onset extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant (ESC-R) Enterobacteriaceae (EB) urinary tract infections (UTIs) in a US health system. The investigators found that use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, older age, diabetes, and presentation to the emergency department were associated with community-onset ESC-R EB UTI, with a high prevalence of CTX-M among their community isolates.
AHRQ-funded; HS020002.
Citation: Anesi JA, Lautenbach E, Nachamkin I .
Clinical and molecular characterization of community-onset urinary tract infections due to extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016 Dec;37(12):1433-39. doi: 10.1017/ice.2016.225.
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Keywords: Antibiotics, Community-Acquired Infections, Patient Safety, Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Islam R, Weir C, Del Fiol G
Clinical complexity in medicine: a measurement model of task and patient complexity.
The objective of this paper is to develop an integrated approach to understand and measure clinical complexity by incorporating both task and patient complexity components focusing on the infectious disease domain. The proposed clinical complexity model consists of two separate components:1) a clinical task complexity model with 13 clinical complexity-contributing factors and 7 dimensions and 2) a patient complexity model with 11 complexity-contributing factors and 5 dimensions.
AHRQ-funded; HS023349.
Citation: Islam R, Weir C, Del Fiol G .
Clinical complexity in medicine: a measurement model of task and patient complexity.
Methods Inf Med 2016;55(1):14-22. doi: 10.3414/me15-01-0031.
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Keywords: Clinical Decision Support (CDS), Decision Making, Health Information Technology (HIT)
Gallagher TH, Farrell ML, Karson H
Collaboration with regulators to support quality and accountability following medical errors: The Communication and Resolution Program Certification Pilot.
The Medical Quality Assurance Commission (MQAC, board of medicine) in Washington State has collaborated with the Foundation for Health Care Quality (FHCQ) on the CRP Certification pilot. A panel of physicians, risk managers, and patient advocates at FHCQ will review cases for use of the CRP key elements. After describing the process, the authors concluded that the CRP Certification program is a promising example of collaboration among institutions, insurers, and regulators to promote patient-centered accountability and learning following adverse events.
AHRQ-funded; HS019531.
Citation: Gallagher TH, Farrell ML, Karson H .
Collaboration with regulators to support quality and accountability following medical errors: The Communication and Resolution Program Certification Pilot.
Health Serv Res 2016 Dec;51 Suppl 3:2569-82. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.12557.
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Keywords: Adverse Events, Communication, Medical Errors, Medical Liability, Patient Safety, Quality of Care
Profit J, Lee HC, Sharek PJ
Comparing NICU teamwork and safety climate across two commonly used survey instruments.
The objectives of this study were to assess variation in safety and teamwork climate and in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) setting, and compare measurement of safety culture scales using two different instruments (Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ) and Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC)). It concluded that large variation and opportunities for improvement in patient safety culture exist across NICUs. Important systematic differences exist between SAQ and HSOPSC.
AHRQ-funded; HS014246.
Citation: Profit J, Lee HC, Sharek PJ .
Comparing NICU teamwork and safety climate across two commonly used survey instruments.
BMJ Qual Saf 2016 Dec;25(12):954-61. doi: 10.1136/bmjqs-2014-003924.
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Keywords: Hospitals, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Newborns/Infants, Patient Safety, Teams
Wang SY, Aldridge MD, Canavan M
Continuous home care reduces hospice disenrollment and hospitalization after hospice enrollment.
The purpose of this paper is to identify hospice and patient characteristics associated with the use of continuous home care (CHC) and to examine the associations between CHC utilization and hospice disenrollment or hospitalization after hospice enrollment. The researchers found that patients who were white, had cancer, and had more comorbidities were more likely to use CHC and that patients who used CHC were less likely to have hospice disenrollment and less likely to be hospitalized after hospice enrollment.
AHRQ-funded; HS023900.
Citation: Wang SY, Aldridge MD, Canavan M .
Continuous home care reduces hospice disenrollment and hospitalization after hospice enrollment.
J Pain Symptom Manage 2016 Dec;52(6):813-21. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2016.05.031.
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Keywords: Elderly, Home Healthcare, Hospitalization, Palliative Care
Vandigo J, Oloyede E, Aly A
Continuous patient engagement in cardiovascular disease clinical comparative effectiveness research.
The Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute has created an Engagement Rubric to guide meaningful engagement in the research process. A 10-step systematic framework to enhance patient engagement throughout the comparative effectiveness research process also has been proposed. This special report identifies the relationship between these two approaches to patient engagement and describes examples of how patients could be engaged in a hypothetical CVD study.
AHRQ-funded; HS022135.
Citation: Vandigo J, Oloyede E, Aly A .
Continuous patient engagement in cardiovascular disease clinical comparative effectiveness research.
Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2016;16(2):193-8. doi: 10.1586/14737167.2016.1163222.
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Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Patient and Family Engagement
Bjarnadottir RI, Millery M, Fleck E
Correlates of online health information-seeking behaviors in a low-income Hispanic community.
The authors explored the correlates of online health information-seeking behaviors among Hispanic residents of a low-income urban neighborhood. They found that age and Spanish as preferred language were negatively associated with online health information-seeking, whereas education and health literacy were positively associated. They concluded that their findings have implications for designing online health information resources and interventions appropriate for the populations they are likely to reach.
AHRQ-funded; HS019853.
Citation: Bjarnadottir RI, Millery M, Fleck E .
Correlates of online health information-seeking behaviors in a low-income Hispanic community.
Inform Health Soc Care 2016 Dec;41(4):341-9. doi: 10.3109/17538157.2015.1064429.
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Keywords: Education: Patient and Caregiver, Low-Income, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Urban Health, Web-Based
Melnick ER, Probst MA, Schoenfeld E
Development and testing of shared decision making interventions for use in emergency care: a research agenda.
This article provides background on decision aids and the conclusions of the 2016 Academic Emergency Medicine consensus conference SDM in practice work group regarding "Shared Decision Making in the Emergency Department: Development of a Policy-Relevant, Patient-Centered Research Agenda."
AHRQ-funded; HS021271; HS024311.
Citation: Melnick ER, Probst MA, Schoenfeld E .
Development and testing of shared decision making interventions for use in emergency care: a research agenda.
Acad Emerg Med 2016 Dec;23(12):1346-53. doi: 10.1111/acem.13045.
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Keywords: Decision Making, Emergency Department, Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Patient-Centered Healthcare, Policy
Wandling MW, Minami CA, Johnson JK
Development of a conceptual model for surgical quality improvement collaboratives: facilitating the implementation and evaluation of collaborative quality improvement.
The authors sought to create a conceptual model of a surgical quality improvement (QI) collaborative to facilitate the development, implementation, and systematic evaluation of the Illinois Surgical Quality Improvement Collaborative (ISQIC). Their conceptual model has facilitated the ongoing evaluation of ISQIC and can be similarly used by others.
AHRQ-funded; HS024516; HS000078.
Citation: Wandling MW, Minami CA, Johnson JK .
Development of a conceptual model for surgical quality improvement collaboratives: facilitating the implementation and evaluation of collaborative quality improvement.
JAMA Surg 2016 Dec;151(12):1181-83. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2016.2817.
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Keywords: Quality Improvement, Surgery
Sohn MW, Kang H, Park JS
Disparities in recommended preventive care usage among persons living with diabetes in the Appalachian region.
This study examined disparities in the receipt of preventive care recommended by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) between Appalachian and non-Appalachian counties and within Appalachian counties. It concluded that there are significant disparities in the uptake of many recommended preventive services between less and more affluent counties in the Appalachian region.
AHRQ-funded; HS018542.
Citation: Sohn MW, Kang H, Park JS .
Disparities in recommended preventive care usage among persons living with diabetes in the Appalachian region.
BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2016 Dec;4(1):e000284. doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2016-000284.
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Keywords: Diabetes, Disparities, Prevention, Chronic Conditions, Social Determinants of Health
Nuckols TK, Keeler E, Morton SC
Economic evaluation of quality improvement interventions for bloodstream infections related to central catheters: a systematic review.
The authors systematically reviewed economic evaluations of QI interventions designed to prevent central-line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) and catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) in acute care hospitals. They concluded that interventions related to central venous catheters were, on average, associated with 57% fewer bloodstream infections and substantial savings to hospitals. Larger initial investments may be associated with greater savings.
AHRQ-funded.
Citation: Nuckols TK, Keeler E, Morton SC .
Economic evaluation of quality improvement interventions for bloodstream infections related to central catheters: a systematic review.
JAMA Intern Med 2016 Dec;176(12):1843-54. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.6610.
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Keywords: Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Healthcare Costs, Quality Improvement
Kessler R, Stowell JR, Vogel JA
Effect of interventional program on the utilization of PACS in point-of-care ultrasound.
The study’s objective was to determine if a simple interventional program would influence the utilization of Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS) in point-of-care ultrasound. It concluded that a simple interventional program for emergency physicians can significantly increase and sustain the utilization of PACS for point-of-care ultrasound.
AHRQ-funded; HS023901.
Citation: Kessler R, Stowell JR, Vogel JA .
Effect of interventional program on the utilization of PACS in point-of-care ultrasound.
J Digit Imaging 2016 Dec;29(6):701-05. doi: 10.1007/s10278-016-9893-x.
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Keywords: Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Imaging, Healthcare Utilization, Health Information Technology (HIT)
Melnick ER, Powsner SM
Empathy in the time of burnout.
The authors argue that before adding empathy measurements to the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) survey, it would be wise to consider that measurement fatigue contributes to burnout. Adding empathy measurements might reduce empathy: a perverse Hawthorne effect. A health care system hoping for more substantial physician-patient relationships must invest more in the well-being of its caregivers.
AHRQ-funded; HS021271.
Citation: Melnick ER, Powsner SM .
Empathy in the time of burnout.
Mayo Clin Proc 2016 Dec;91(12):1678-79. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.09.003.
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Keywords: Burnout, Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS), Hospitals, Patient Experience
Wang D, Luque AE
Evaluation of a statewide HIV-HCV-STD online clinical education program by healthcare providers - a comparison of nursing and other disciplines.
The authors evaluated the New York State HIV-HCV-STD Clinical Education Initiative (CEI) online education program and compared the self-reported measures by clinicians from different disciplines. They found that physicians and nurse practitioners were the most satisfied, while pharmacists and case/care managers recorded lower than average responses. They recommended that online education programs consider the unique needs by clinicians from specific disciplines.
AHRQ-funded; HS022057.
Citation: Wang D, Luque AE .
Evaluation of a statewide HIV-HCV-STD online clinical education program by healthcare providers - a comparison of nursing and other disciplines.
Stud Health Technol Inform 2016;225:267-71.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Education: Continuing Medical Education, Infectious Diseases, Provider, Web-Based
Quinn M, Gephart S
Evidence for implementation strategies to provide palliative care in the neonatal intensive care unit.
The authors sought to answer the clinical question: In neonatal intensive care, what evidence can be used to guide implementation of palliative care protocols? They found that successful team approaches included standardized order sets to initiate neonatal palliative care (NPC), NPC education for staff, and references to NPC guidelines or protocols.They recommended that barriers such as lack of interdisciplinary cooperation, lack of appropriate physical space, and lack of education be addressed during program development.
AHRQ-funded; HS022908.
Citation: Quinn M, Gephart S .
Evidence for implementation strategies to provide palliative care in the neonatal intensive care unit.
Adv Neonatal Care 2016 Dec;16(6):430-38. doi: 10.1097/anc.0000000000000354.
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Keywords: Evidence-Based Practice, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Newborns/Infants, Palliative Care
Garcia I, Chiodo V, Ma Y
Evidence of altered matrix composition in iliac crest biopsies from patients with idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis.
The goal of this study is to describe idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis (IJO)bone composition. It concluded that IJO bone, similar to post-menopausal osteoporosis (PMO) bone, had elevated collagen maturity relative to its age-matched controls. This emphasizes the importance of the collagen matrix for bone health. IJO bone differed from PMO bone as IJO bone contains more recently formed mineral than age-matched controls.
AHRQ-funded; HS021734.
Citation: Garcia I, Chiodo V, Ma Y .
Evidence of altered matrix composition in iliac crest biopsies from patients with idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis.
Connect Tissue Res 2016;57(1):28-37. doi: 10.3109/03008207.2015.1088531.
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Keywords: Osteoporosis, Children/Adolescents, Children/Adolescents
Dodd KW, Berman A, Brown J
Funding research in emergency department shared decision making: a summary of the 2016 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference Panel Discussion.
This article summarizes a panel discussion of funding priorities and examples of successfully funded projects related to shared decision making in emergency medicine. The discussion was part of the 2016 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference, "Shared Decision Making in the Emergency Department: Development of a Policy-relevant Patient-centered Research Agenda."
AHRQ-funded; HS024172.
Citation: Dodd KW, Berman A, Brown J .
Funding research in emergency department shared decision making: a summary of the 2016 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference Panel Discussion.
Acad Emerg Med 2016 Dec;23(12):1340-45. doi: 10.1111/acem.13063.
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Keywords: Emergency Department, Decision Making, Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Health Services Research (HSR)
Furtado KS, Kaphingst KA, Perkins H
Health insurance information-seeking behaviors among the uninsured.
In order to better understand how to reach the uninsured and support their health insurance decision making, this study examined where the uninsured collect information about health insurance and the extent to which they trust those sources and media. Its findings suggest that strategies that pair health care professionals, lay health advisors, or community liaisons with the ubiquity of the Internet may be a strong approach for delivering quality health insurance information to the uninsured.
AHRQ-funded; HS020309.
Citation: Furtado KS, Kaphingst KA, Perkins H .
Health insurance information-seeking behaviors among the uninsured.
J Health Commun 2016;21(2):148-58. doi: 10.1080/10810730.2015.1039678.
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Keywords: Uninsured, Health Insurance, Education: Patient and Caregiver, Web-Based
Brown JR, Rezaee ME, Marshall EJ
Hospital mortality in the United States following acute kidney injury.
This review discusses the epidemiology of acute kidney injury (AKI) and its association with in-hospital mortality in the United States. Also discussed is the importance of the 71 percent reduction in AKI-related mortality among hospitalized patients in the United States and whether or not this is a phenomenon of hospital billing (coding) or improvements to the management of AKI.
AHRQ-funded; HS018443.
Citation: Brown JR, Rezaee ME, Marshall EJ .
Hospital mortality in the United States following acute kidney injury.
Biomed Res Int 2016;2016:4278579. doi: 10.1155/2016/4278579.
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Keywords: Mortality, Hospitalization, Adverse Events, Patient Safety
Naslund JA, Aschbrenner KA, Bartels SJ
How people with serious mental illness use smartphones, mobile apps, and social media.
The researchers surveyed individuals with serious mental illness to explore their use of mobile devices or whether they access social media. Among respondents (n = 70), 93 percent owned cellphones, 78 percent used text messaging, 50 percent owned smartphones, and 71 percent used social media such as Facebook. Most respondents reported daily use of text messaging, mobile apps, and social media.
AHRQ-funded; HS021695.
Citation: Naslund JA, Aschbrenner KA, Bartels SJ .
How people with serious mental illness use smartphones, mobile apps, and social media.
Psychiatr Rehabil J 2016 Dec;39(4):364-67. doi: 10.1037/prj0000207.
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Keywords: Communication, Community-Based Practice, Health Promotion, Behavioral Health, Social Media
Gordon HS, Street RL
How physicians, patients, and observers compare on the use of qualitative and quantitative measures of physician-patient communication.
The purpose of this study was to compare several different measures of physician-patient communication. Communication was measured with rating scales completed by patients and physicians and by two groups of external observers who used rating scales or coded the frequency of communication behaviors. The findings highlight the potential for using observers' ratings as an alternate measure of communication to more labor intensive frequency measures.
AHRQ-funded; HS010876.
Citation: Gordon HS, Street RL .
How physicians, patients, and observers compare on the use of qualitative and quantitative measures of physician-patient communication.
Eval Health Prof 2016 Dec;39(4):496-511. doi: 10.1177/0163278715625737.
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Keywords: Communication, Decision Making, Patient and Family Engagement, Clinician-Patient Communication
Yakoob MY, Micha R, Khatibzadeh S
Impact of dietary and metabolic risk factors on cardiovascular and diabetes mortality in South Asia: analysis from the 2010 Global Burden of Disease Study.
This article's objective is to quantify cardiovascular disease and diabetes deaths attributable to dietary and metabolic risks by country, age, sex, and time in South Asian countries. The authors used the 2010 Global Burden of Disease national surveys to characterize risk factor levels by age and sex. They found suboptimal diet to be the leading cuase of cardiometabolic mortality in 4 of 5 countries. They concluded that important similarities and differences are evident in cardiometabolic mortality burdens of modifiable dietary and metabolic risks across these countries, informing health policy and program priorities.
AHRQ-funded; HS000062.
Citation: Yakoob MY, Micha R, Khatibzadeh S .
Impact of dietary and metabolic risk factors on cardiovascular and diabetes mortality in South Asia: analysis from the 2010 Global Burden of Disease Study.
Am J Public Health 2016 Dec;106(12):2113-25. doi: 10.2105/ajph.2016.303368.
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Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Diabetes, Mortality, Risk