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AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Antibiotics (2)
- Antimicrobial Stewardship (1)
- Children/Adolescents (1)
- Elderly (1)
- Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) (1)
- Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) (1)
- Hospitalization (1)
- Influenza (1)
- Inpatient Care (1)
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- Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (1)
- Nursing Homes (1)
- (-) Pneumonia (5)
- Respiratory Conditions (4)
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 5 of 5 Research Studies DisplayedTandan M, Zimmerman S, Sloane PD
Which nursing home residents with pneumonia are managed on-site and which are hospitalized? Results from 2 years' surveillance in 14 US homes.
Pneumonia is a frequent cause of hospitalization among nursing home (NH) residents, but little information is available as to how clinical presentation and other characteristics relate to hospitalization, and the differential use of antimicrobials based on hospitalization status. This study examined how hospitalized and nonhospitalized NH residents with pneumonia differ. The investigators concluded that respiratory rate was associated with hospitalization but was not documented for more than a quarter of residents.
AHRQ-funded; HS022298.
Citation: Tandan M, Zimmerman S, Sloane PD .
Which nursing home residents with pneumonia are managed on-site and which are hospitalized? Results from 2 years' surveillance in 14 US homes.
J Am Med Dir Assoc 2020 Dec;21(12):1862-68.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.07.028..
Keywords: Elderly, Nursing Homes, Pneumonia, Respiratory Conditions, Hospitalization
Klompas M, Imrey PB, Yu PC
Respiratory viral testing and antibacterial treatment in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia.
Researchers studied the frequency of respiratory viral testing and its associations with antimicrobial utilization in adult patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia. They found that, of patients with pneumonia on admission, 24.5% were tested for respiratory viruses, 94.8% were tested for influenza, and 20.7% were tested for other viruses. They concluded that a minority of patients hospitalized with pneumonia were tested for respiratory viruses; only a fraction of potential viral pathogens were assayed; and patients with positive viral tests often received long antibacterial courses.
AHRQ-funded; HS025008; HS024277.
Citation: Klompas M, Imrey PB, Yu PC .
Respiratory viral testing and antibacterial treatment in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2021 Jul;42(7):817-25. doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.1312..
Keywords: Pneumonia, Respiratory Conditions, Antibiotics, Medication
Deshpande A, Richter SS, Haessler S
De-escalation of empiric antibiotics following negative cultures in hospitalized patients with pneumonia: rates and outcomes.
This study assessed antibiotic de-escalation practices across hospitals and their associations with outcomes in hospitalized patients diagnosed with pneumonia with negative cultures. The authors included 14,170 adults admitted with pneumonia in 2010-2015 to 164 US hospitals if they had negative blood and/or respiratory cultures and received both anti-MRSA and antipseudomonal agents other than quinolones. If empiric drugs were stopped on day 4 while continuing another antibiotic it was defined at de-escalation. Patients were propensity adjusted for de-escalation and compared on in-hospital 14-day mortality, late deterioration with ICU transfer, length-of-stay (LOS) and costs. Thirteen percent (1924 patients) had both initial empiric drugs stopped by hospital day 4. De-escalation rates at hospitals ranged from 2-35% and the established rate quartiles were not significantly associated with outcomes. Even at hospitals in the top quartile of de-escalation, the de-escalation rates were lower than 50%.
AHRQ-funded; HS025026; HS024277.
Citation: Deshpande A, Richter SS, Haessler S .
De-escalation of empiric antibiotics following negative cultures in hospitalized patients with pneumonia: rates and outcomes.
Clin Infect Dis 2021 Apr 26;72(8):1314-22. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa212..
Keywords: Antimicrobial Stewardship, Antibiotics, Medication, Pneumonia, Respiratory Conditions, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Inpatient Care
Sabbagh SE, Neely J, Chow A
Risk factors associated with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in juvenile myositis in North America.
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in adult myositis patients; however, there are few studies examining PJP in juvenile myositis [juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (JIIM)]. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors and clinical phenotypes associated with PJP in JIIM. The investigators concluded that having PJP was associated with more immunosuppressive therapy, anti-MDA5 autoantibodies, Asian race and certain clinical features, including digital infarcts, cutaneous ulcerations and interstitial lung disease.
AHRQ-funded; HS000063.
Citation: Sabbagh SE, Neely J, Chow A .
Risk factors associated with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in juvenile myositis in North America.
Rheumatology 2021 Feb;60(2):829-36. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa436..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Pneumonia, Respiratory Conditions, Risk
Shrestha S, Foxman B, Weinberger DM
AHRQ Author: Steiner C
Identifying the interaction between influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia using incidence data.
The authors integrated weekly incidence reports and a mechanistic transmission model within a likelihood-based inference framework to characterize the nature, timing, and magnitude of the interaction between influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia. They found support for a strong but short-lived interaction, with influenza infection increasing susceptibility to pneumococcal pneumonia ~100-fold. They inferred modest population-level impacts arising from strong processes at the level of an individual.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Shrestha S, Foxman B, Weinberger DM .
Identifying the interaction between influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia using incidence data.
Sci Transl Med 2013 Jun 26;5(191):191ra84. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3005982.
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Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Influenza, Pneumonia