National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
Latest available findings on quality of and access to health care
Data
- Data Infographics
- Data Visualizations
- Data Tools
- Data Innovations
- All-Payer Claims Database
- Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP)
- Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)
- AHRQ Quality Indicator Tools for Data Analytics
- State Snapshots
- United States Health Information Knowledgebase (USHIK)
- Data Sources Available from AHRQ
Search All Research Studies
AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Adverse Events (1)
- Cancer (10)
- Cancer: Breast Cancer (1)
- Cancer: Colorectal Cancer (4)
- (-) Cancer: Prostate Cancer (23)
- Cardiovascular Conditions (2)
- Care Management (1)
- Chronic Conditions (1)
- Colonoscopy (1)
- Comparative Effectiveness (2)
- Diabetes (1)
- Diagnostic Safety and Quality (1)
- Elderly (8)
- Guidelines (1)
- Healthcare Costs (3)
- Healthcare Delivery (1)
- Healthcare Utilization (3)
- Health Status (1)
- Hospitalization (1)
- Hospitals (1)
- Imaging (1)
- Medicare (5)
- Medication (2)
- Men's Health (3)
- Mortality (3)
- Outcomes (1)
- Palliative Care (1)
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (4)
- Patient Experience (1)
- Practice Patterns (1)
- Prevention (1)
- Primary Care (2)
- Quality of Life (2)
- Racial and Ethnic Minorities (1)
- Risk (1)
- Screening (7)
- Substance Abuse (1)
- Surgery (3)
- Treatments (1)
- U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) (3)
- Women (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
Sign up: AHRQ Research Studies Email updates
Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 23 of 23 Research Studies DisplayedRaval AD, Mattes MD, Madhavan S
Association between metformin use and cancer stage at diagnosis among elderly Medicare beneficiaries with preexisting Type 2 diabetes mellitus and incident prostate cancer.
The researchers examined the association between metformin use and cancer stage at diagnosis among elderly men with preexisting diabetes mellitus and incident prostate cancer. They found a significantly lower percentage of metformin users were diagnosed with advanced prostate cancer as compared to nonusers (4.7 percent versus 6.7 percent.
AHRQ-funded; HS018622.
Citation: Raval AD, Mattes MD, Madhavan S .
Association between metformin use and cancer stage at diagnosis among elderly Medicare beneficiaries with preexisting Type 2 diabetes mellitus and incident prostate cancer.
J Diabetes Res 2016;2016:2656814. doi: 10.1155/2016/2656814.
.
.
Keywords: Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Medication, Elderly, Diabetes, Medicare
Raval AD, Madhavan S, Mattes MD
Association between types of chronic conditions and cancer stage at diagnosis among elderly Medicare beneficiaries with prostate cancer.
The current retrospective observational study was conducted to examine the association between types of chronic conditions and cancer stage at diagnosis among elderly Medicare beneficiaries with prostate cancer. It found that those with none of the 3 types of chronic conditions (cardiometabolic, mental health, and respiratory) were 44 percent more likely to be diagnosed with advanced prostate cancer compared to men with all 3 types of chronic conditions.
AHRQ-funded; HS018622.
Citation: Raval AD, Madhavan S, Mattes MD .
Association between types of chronic conditions and cancer stage at diagnosis among elderly Medicare beneficiaries with prostate cancer.
Popul Health Manag 2016 Dec;19(6):445-53. doi: 10.1089/pop.2015.0141.
.
.
Keywords: Cancer, Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Elderly, Medicare
Jayadevappa R, Chhatre S
Association between age, substance use, and outcomes in Medicare enrollees with prostate cancer.
The authors analyzed the association between age, substance use, and outcomes in fee-for-service Medicare enrollees with advanced prostate cancer. As they found age-specific results, they recommend an integrated and multidisciplinary approach to screen, refer, and treat substance use in patients with prostate cancer to improve outcomes and reduce costs.
AHRQ-funded; HS024106.
Citation: Jayadevappa R, Chhatre S .
Association between age, substance use, and outcomes in Medicare enrollees with prostate cancer.
J Geriatr Oncol 2016 Nov;7(6):444-52. doi: 10.1016/j.jgo.2016.06.007.
.
.
Keywords: Elderly, Medicare, Outcomes, Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Substance Abuse
Goodwin JS, Sheffield K, Li S
Receipt of cancer screening is a predictor of life expectancy.
The researchers sought to determine the association between receipt of screening mammography or PSA and overall survival. They found that the subjects with prior cancer screening had actual median survivals higher than those who were not screened, with differences ranging from 1.7 to 2.1 years for women and 0.9 to 1.1 years for men.
AHRQ-funded; HS022134.
Citation: Goodwin JS, Sheffield K, Li S .
Receipt of cancer screening is a predictor of life expectancy.
J Gen Intern Med 2016 Nov;31(11):1308-14. doi: 10.1007/s11606-016-3787-y.
.
.
Keywords: Cancer, Cancer: Breast Cancer, Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Screening, Women, Men's Health, Health Status
Sohn W, Resnick MJ, Greenfield S
Impact of adherence to quality measures for localized prostate cancer on patient-reported health-related quality of life outcomes, patient satisfaction, and treatment-related complications.
Given the small number of narrowly focused measures in prostate cancer care, the researchers sought to determine whether adherence to any of the available payer-driven quality measures influences patient-centered outcomes, including health-related quality of life (HRQOL), patient satisfaction, and treatment-related complications. They concluded that compliance with available nationally endorsed quality indicators was not associated with clinically important changes in patient-centered outcomes (HRQOL, satisfaction, or complications) within 1-year.
AHRQ-funded; HS019356; HS022640.
Citation: Sohn W, Resnick MJ, Greenfield S .
Impact of adherence to quality measures for localized prostate cancer on patient-reported health-related quality of life outcomes, patient satisfaction, and treatment-related complications.
Med Care 2016 Aug;54(8):738-44. doi: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000000562.
.
.
Keywords: Cancer, Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Quality of Life, Comparative Effectiveness, Patient Experience
Roth JA, Gulati R, Gore JL
Economic analysis of prostate-specific antigen screening and selective treatment strategies.
The researchers evaluated the potential cost-effectiveness of plausible prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening strategies and assessed the value added by increased use of conservative management among low-risk, screen-detected cases. They found that, with contemporary treatment, only strategies with biopsy referral for PSA levels higher than 10.0 ng/mL or age-dependent thresholds were associated with increased quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and only quadrennial screening of patients aged 55 to 69 years was potentially cost-effective in terms of cost per QALY. They concluded that, for PSA screening to be cost-effective, it needs to be used conservatively and ideally in combination with a conservative management approach for low-risk disease.
AHRQ-funded; HS022982.
Citation: Roth JA, Gulati R, Gore JL .
Economic analysis of prostate-specific antigen screening and selective treatment strategies.
JAMA Oncol 2016 Jul;2(7):890-8. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2015.6275.
.
.
Keywords: Healthcare Costs, Prevention, Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Quality of Life, Screening
Raval AD, Madhavan S, Mattes MD
Types of chronic conditions combinations and initial cancer treatment among elderly Medicare beneficiaries with localised prostate cancer.
The authors sought to examine the association between types of chronic conditions combinations and initial cancer treatment among elderly Medicare beneficiaries with localised prostate cancer. They found that a significant proportion of elderly men with chronic conditions have received aggressive initial cancer treatment, and they suggested a conservative approach for the initial prostate cancer treatment among elderly men with significant chronic conditions and localised prostate cancer.
AHRQ-funded; HS018622.
Citation: Raval AD, Madhavan S, Mattes MD .
Types of chronic conditions combinations and initial cancer treatment among elderly Medicare beneficiaries with localised prostate cancer.
Int J Clin Pract 2016 Jul;70(7):606-18. doi: 10.1111/ijcp.12838.
.
.
Keywords: Cancer, Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Care Management, Chronic Conditions, Elderly, Men's Health
Bhatia N, Santos M, Jones LW
Cardiovascular effects of androgen deprivation therapy for the treatment of prostate cancer: ABCDE steps to reduce cardiovascular disease in patients with prostate cancer.
Since cardiovascular disease risk may be increased by the use of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), the researchers have adapted the five-step "ABCDE" algorithm for prostate cancer survivors. Its treatment recommendations come under the following headings: awareness and aspirin, blood pressure, cholesterol and cigarettes, diet and diabetes, and exercise. The algorithm is illustrated by a hypothetical case study.
AHRQ-funded; HS022990.
Citation: Bhatia N, Santos M, Jones LW .
Cardiovascular effects of androgen deprivation therapy for the treatment of prostate cancer: ABCDE steps to reduce cardiovascular disease in patients with prostate cancer.
Circulation 2016 Feb 2;133(5):537-41. doi: 10.1161/circulationaha.115.012519.
.
.
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Medication, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Raval AD, Madhavan S, Mattes MD
Impact of prostate cancer diagnosis on noncancer hospitalizations among elderly Medicare Beneficiaries with incident prostate cancer.
The authors analyzed the impact of cancer diagnosis on noncancer hospitalizations (NCHs) by comparing these hospitalizations between the precancer and postcancer periods. They found that the rate of NCHs was higher during the postcancer period compared with the precancer period. They suggested that their study highlights the need to design interventions for reducing the excess NCHs after prostate cancer diagnosis among elderly men.
AHRQ-funded; HS018622.
Citation: Raval AD, Madhavan S, Mattes MD .
Impact of prostate cancer diagnosis on noncancer hospitalizations among elderly Medicare Beneficiaries with incident prostate cancer.
J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2016 Feb;14(2):186-94.
.
.
Keywords: Elderly, Hospitalization, Medicare, Cancer: Prostate Cancer
Dinan MA, Li Y, Zhang Y
Resource use in the last year of life among patients who died with versus of prostate cancer.
The researchers conducted a retrospective analysis of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare data of men with prostate cancer. Patients who died of prostate cancer rather than from other causes had more hospice and outpatient use, less inpatient and ICU use, and lower overall costs. Efforts to shift care toward outpatient settings might provide more efficient and judicious care for patients during the end of life.
AHRQ-funded; HS022189.
Citation: Dinan MA, Li Y, Zhang Y .
Resource use in the last year of life among patients who died with versus of prostate cancer.
Clin Genitourin Cancer 2016 Feb;14(1):28-37.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.clgc.2015.07.006.
.
.
Keywords: Cancer, Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Healthcare Costs, Healthcare Utilization, Men's Health, Mortality, Palliative Care, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
O'Neil B, Koyama T, Alvarez J
The comparative harms of open and robotic prostatectomy in population based samples.
Using population cohort data,the researchers examined sexual and urinary function in men undergoing open radical prostatectomy vs those undergoing robotic assisted radical prostatectomy. They found that men undergoing robotic assisted radical prostatectomy likely experience less decline in early urinary continence and sexual function than those undergoing open radical prostatectomy.
AHRQ-funded; HS019356; HS022640.
Citation: O'Neil B, Koyama T, Alvarez J .
The comparative harms of open and robotic prostatectomy in population based samples.
J Urol 2016 Feb;195(2):321-9. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.08.092.
.
.
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Surgery, Adverse Events
Shen C, Tina Shih YC
Therapeutic substitutions in the midst of new technology diffusion: the case of treatment for localized prostate cancer.
The authors studied the impact of the fast diffusion of robotic surgical systems on the overall treatment pattern of localized prostate cancer. They found that the density of robotic systems at state-level had a significantly positive impact on the rate of surgery and a significantly negative impact on the rate of radiation therapy. They concluded that part of the increase in the rate of surgery was driven by substitution across treatment types with a large proportion originating from the younger population.
AHRQ-funded; HS018535; HS020263.
Citation: Shen C, Tina Shih YC .
Therapeutic substitutions in the midst of new technology diffusion: the case of treatment for localized prostate cancer.
Soc Sci Med 2016 Feb;151:110-20. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.01.016.
.
.
Keywords: Surgery, Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Cancer, Healthcare Costs, Treatments
Zanwar P, Lin YL, Kuo YF
Downstream tests, treatments, and annual direct payments in older men cared for by primary care providers with high or low prostate-specific antigen screening rates using 100 percent Texas U.S. Medicare public insurance claims data: a retrospective cohort
The investigators assessed the tests, treatments, and payments for prostate cancer care in men aged 75 or older who have primary care physicians (PCPs) with high or low prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing rates. They found that older men seeing PCPs with high rates of PSA testing undergo more testing and treatments for prostate cancer, with higher Medicare insurance payments.
AHRQ-funded; HS022134.
Citation: Zanwar P, Lin YL, Kuo YF .
Downstream tests, treatments, and annual direct payments in older men cared for by primary care providers with high or low prostate-specific antigen screening rates using 100 percent Texas U.S. Medicare public insurance claims data: a retrospective cohort
BMC Health Serv Res 2016 Jan 15;16:17. doi: 10.1186/s12913-016-1265-1.
.
.
Keywords: Elderly, Medicare, Primary Care, Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Screening
Garcia-Albeniz X, Hsu J, Lipsitch M
Infective endocarditis and cancer in the elderly.
The researchers investigated the magnitude of the association between infective endocarditis and cancer, and the natural history of cancer patients with concomitant diagnosis of infective endocarditis. They found that in this elderly population, the incidence of infective endocarditis around a colorectal cancer diagnosis was substantially higher than around the diagnosis of lung, breast and prostate cancers.
AHRQ-funded; HS023128.
Citation: Garcia-Albeniz X, Hsu J, Lipsitch M .
Infective endocarditis and cancer in the elderly.
Eur J Epidemiol 2016 Jan;31(1):41-9. doi: 10.1007/s10654-015-0111-9.
.
.
Keywords: Cancer, Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Cardiovascular Conditions, Elderly, Cancer: Prostate Cancer
Rezaee ME, Ward CE, Odom BD
Prostate cancer screening practices and diagnoses in patients age 50 and older, Southeastern Michigan, pre/post 2012.
This study investigated the regional impact of the 2012 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation against the use of prostate specific antigen (PSA) screening for prostate cancer. PSA utilization significantly increased during the pre-period, but significantly decreased in the post-period. Prostate biopsies decreased before the 2012 recommendation and did not change afterwards.
AHRQ-funded; HS000084.
Citation: Rezaee ME, Ward CE, Odom BD .
Prostate cancer screening practices and diagnoses in patients age 50 and older, Southeastern Michigan, pre/post 2012.
Prev Med 2016 Jan;82:73-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.11.017.
.
.
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Screening, Elderly, Healthcare Utilization
Elstad EA, Sheridan SL, Lee JG
Have screening harms become newsworthy? News coverage of prostate and colorectal cancer screening since the 2008 USPSTF recommendation changes.
The researchers aimed to determine whether newspapers portrayed screening for prostate and colorectal cancers differently after the 2008 USPSTF recommendation changes. In US newspapers from 2005 to 2012, they found that benefits in prostate cancer screening articles and harms and benefits in colonoscopy articles did not change over time, but mentions of prostate cancer screening harms increased after 2008. They concluded that consumers, especially lay consumers, are receiving unbalanced information on cancer screening.
AHRQ-funded; HS021133; HS000032.
Citation: Elstad EA, Sheridan SL, Lee JG .
Have screening harms become newsworthy? News coverage of prostate and colorectal cancer screening since the 2008 USPSTF recommendation changes.
J Behav Med 2014 Dec;37(6):1242-51. doi: 10.1007/s10865-014-9572-7.
.
.
Keywords: Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Colonoscopy, Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Screening, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)
Bhavsar NA, Bream JH, Meeker AK
A peripheral circulating TH1 cytokine profile is inversely associated with prostate cancer risk in CLUE II.
The authors evaluated the association between peripheral-cytokine concentrations and prostate cancer. They found that men with a prediagnostic circulating TH1 profile and higher IL6 may have a lower risk of prostate cancer, including aggressive disease. They concluded that identifying specific inflammatory cytokines associated with prostate cancer may lead to improved prevention and treatment strategies.
AHRQ-funded; HS019488.
Citation: Bhavsar NA, Bream JH, Meeker AK .
A peripheral circulating TH1 cytokine profile is inversely associated with prostate cancer risk in CLUE II.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014 Nov;23(11):2561-7. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0010.
.
.
Keywords: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Risk
Rabin BA, Ellis JL, Steiner JF
Health-care utilization by prognosis profile in a managed care setting: using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Cancer Survival Calculator SEER*CSC.
The authors described health service utilization patterns of subgroups of prostate cancer and colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with different relative probabilities of dying of their cancer or other conditions. They found that although a new diagnosis of cancer increased utilization of cancer-related services for an extended time period, the timing of cancer diagnosis did not appear to affect other types of utilization.
AHRQ-funded; HS019520.
Citation: Rabin BA, Ellis JL, Steiner JF .
Health-care utilization by prognosis profile in a managed care setting: using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Cancer Survival Calculator SEER*CSC.
J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2014 Nov;2014(49):275-81. doi: 10.1093/jncimonographs/lgu023.
.
.
Keywords: Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Cancer, Healthcare Utilization, Mortality, Healthcare Delivery
Feuer EJ, Rabin BA, Zou Z
The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Cancer Survival Calculator SEER*CSC: validation in a managed care setting.
The researchers externally validate the nomograms for prostate and colorectal cancer using data from Kaiser Permanente Colorado. Their results indicated that the colorectal and prostate cancer nomograms are reliable tools for physicians and patients to use to obtain information on prognosis and assist in establishing priorities for both treatment of the cancer and other conditions, particularly when a patient is elderly and/or has significant comorbidities.
AHRQ-funded; HS019520.
Citation: Feuer EJ, Rabin BA, Zou Z .
The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Cancer Survival Calculator SEER*CSC: validation in a managed care setting.
J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2014 Nov;2014(49):265-74. doi: 10.1093/jncimonographs/lgu021.
.
.
Keywords: Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Cancer, Mortality
Merdan S, Womble PR, Miller DC
Toward better use of bone scans among men with early-stage prostate cancer.
This study evaluated the performance of published guidelines compared with that of current practice for radiographic staging of men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer. It found that, based on current practice patterns, more uniform application of existing guidelines would ensure that bone scans are performed for almost all men with bone metastases, while avoiding many negative imaging studies.
AHRQ-funded; HS018346
Citation: Merdan S, Womble PR, Miller DC .
Toward better use of bone scans among men with early-stage prostate cancer.
Urology. 2014 Oct;84(4):793-8. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2014.06.010..
Keywords: Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Guidelines, Imaging
Goodwin JS, Jaramillo E, Yang L
Is anyone listening? Variation in PSA screening among providers for men 75+ before and after United States Preventive Services Task Force recommendations against it: a retrospective cohort study.
The authors assessed prostate specific antigen (PSA) screening by primary care physicians (PCPs) before and after the 2008 United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendations. They found that the USPSTF recommendation did not increase consensus among PCPs regarding PSA screening of older men.
AHRQ-funded; HS022134.
Citation: Goodwin JS, Jaramillo E, Yang L .
Is anyone listening? Variation in PSA screening among providers for men 75+ before and after United States Preventive Services Task Force recommendations against it: a retrospective cohort study.
PLoS One 2014 Sep 10;9(9):e107352. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107352.
.
.
Keywords: Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Practice Patterns, Primary Care, Screening, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)
Cobran EK, Wutoh AK, Lee E
Perceptions of prostate cancer fatalism and screening behavior between United States-born and Caribbean-born Black males.
The purpose of this study was to compare perceptions of prostate cancer (CaP) fatalism and predictors of CaP screening with Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) testing between U.S.-born and Caribbean-born African-American males. In their study of 211 U.S.-born and Caribbean-born Black males between ages 39–75, the researchers found that nativity was not a significant predictor of CaP screening with PSA testing within the last year.
AHRQ-funded; HS011673.
Citation: Cobran EK, Wutoh AK, Lee E .
Perceptions of prostate cancer fatalism and screening behavior between United States-born and Caribbean-born Black males.
J Immigr Minor Health 2014 Jun;16(3):394-400. doi: 10.1007/s10903-013-9825-5..
Keywords: Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Screening, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Cancer
Barbash GI, Friedman B, Glied SA
AHRQ Author: Barbash GI, Friedman B, Glied SA, Steiner CA
Factors associated with adoption of robotic surgical technology in US hospitals and relationship to radical prostatectomy procedure volume.
The authors aimed to identify the factors associated with hospitals' decisions to adopt robotic technology and the consequences of these decisions. They found that hospitals in areas where a higher proportion of other hospitals had already acquired a robot were more likely to acquire one, as were those with more than 300 beds and teaching hospitals. They also found a significant association between years with a robot and the change in the number of radical prostatectomies. They concluded that local area robot competition was associated with the rapid spread of robot technology in the United States.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Barbash GI, Friedman B, Glied SA .
Factors associated with adoption of robotic surgical technology in US hospitals and relationship to radical prostatectomy procedure volume.
Ann Surg 2014 Jan;259(1):1-6. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e3182a5c8b8.
.
.
Keywords: Hospitals, Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Surgery