National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Adverse Events (1)
- Arthritis (1)
- Asthma (2)
- Care Management (1)
- Children/Adolescents (7)
- Chronic Conditions (1)
- Community-Based Practice (1)
- Dental and Oral Health (1)
- Diabetes (1)
- Diagnostic Safety and Quality (1)
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- (-) Obesity (16)
- Obesity: Weight Management (3)
- Opioids (1)
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- Pain (1)
- Patient Safety (1)
- Prevention (5)
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- Quality Improvement (1)
- Racial and Ethnic Minorities (2)
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- Social Determinants of Health (3)
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 16 of 16 Research Studies DisplayedSingh JA, Lewallen DG
Increasing obesity and comorbidity in patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty in the U.S.: a 13-year study of time trends.
The researchers examined the time-trends in key demographic and clinical characteristics of patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). They found that obesity, medical and psychological comorbidity increased and the underlying diagnosis of RA/inflammatory arthritis decreased rapidly in primary THA patients over 13-years.
AHRQ-funded; HS021110.
Citation: Singh JA, Lewallen DG .
Increasing obesity and comorbidity in patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty in the U.S.: a 13-year study of time trends.
BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2014 Dec 17;15:441. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-441..
Keywords: Surgery, Obesity, Risk, Registries, Arthritis
Raebel MA, Newcomer SR, Bayliss EA
Chronic opioid use emerging after bariatric surgery.
The purpose of this study was to determine opioid use the year after bariatric surgery among patients who did not use opioids chronically pre-surgery and to identify pre-surgery characteristics associated with chronic opioid use after surgery. It found that patients dispensed 60 to 119 days’ supply during the pre-surgery year were 13.23 to 14.29 times more likely to use opioids chronically post-surgery than patients without opioid use pre-surgery.
AHRQ-funded; HS019912.
Citation: Raebel MA, Newcomer SR, Bayliss EA .
Chronic opioid use emerging after bariatric surgery.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2014 Dec;23(12):1247-57. doi: 10.1002/pds.3625..
Keywords: Medication, Obesity, Opioids, Pain, Substance Abuse, Surgery
Aterburn D, Powers JD, Toh S
Comparative effectiveness of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding vs laparoscopic gastric bypass.
A retrospective study of 7,457 patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery found that patients receiving gastric bypass experienced much greater weight loss than those receiving gastric banding but they had a higher risk of short-term complications and long-term subsequent hospitalizations. However, gastric bypass patients had a lower risk of long-term subsequent intervention procedures than did gastric banding patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS019912
Citation: Aterburn D, Powers JD, Toh S .
Comparative effectiveness of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding vs laparoscopic gastric bypass.
JAMA Surg. 2014 Dec;149(12):1279-87. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2014.1674..
Keywords: Obesity, Surgery, Adverse Events, Patient Safety, Hospitalization
Cai L, Wu Y, Cheskin LI
Effect of childhood obesity prevention programmes on blood lipids: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
This study, the first systematic, quantitative study of childhood obesity prevention programs on blood lipids in high-income countries found that most interventions (70 percent) showed similar significant or no effects on adiposity- and lipid outcomes; 15 percent of interventions improved both adiposity- and lipids outcomes; 55 percent had no significant effects on either. These programs had a significant desirable effect on LDL-C and HDL-C.
AHRQ-funded; 290200710061I
Citation: Cai L, Wu Y, Cheskin LI .
Effect of childhood obesity prevention programmes on blood lipids: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Obes Rev. 2014 Dec;15(12):933-44. doi: 10.1111/obr.12227..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Obesity, Prevention, Outcomes, Social Determinants of Health
Shaikh U, Nettiksimmons J, Joseph JG
Collaborative practice improvement for childhood obesity in rural clinics: the Healthy Eating Active Living Telehealth Community of Practice (HEALTH COP).
The authors assessed the impact of participation in a virtual quality improvement (QI) learning network on adherence to clinical guidelines for childhood obesity prevention in rural clinics. They found that children who received care from clinicians who led the implementation of the intervention at their clinic showed significant improvements in nutrition and physical activity. Virtual QI learning networks in geographically dispersed clinics can significantly increase clinicians' adherence to guidelines for childhood obesity and improve access to recommended care for rural and underserved children.
AHRQ-funded; HS018567.
Citation: Shaikh U, Nettiksimmons J, Joseph JG .
Collaborative practice improvement for childhood obesity in rural clinics: the Healthy Eating Active Living Telehealth Community of Practice (HEALTH COP).
Am J Med Qual 2014 Nov-Dec;29(6):467-75. doi: 10.1177/1062860613506252.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Evidence-Based Practice, Health Information Technology (HIT), Lifestyle Changes, Nutrition, Obesity, Prevention, Quality Improvement, Rural Health, Telehealth
Aldrich H, Gance-Cleveland B, Schmiege S
Identification and assessment of childhood obesity by school-based health center providers.
The authors evaluated obesity care assessment practices of school-based health center (SBHC) providers prior to completing training on obesity guidelines. They found that most providers reported using BMI to assess weight, reported screening for hypertension 100% of the time and cardiovascular disease 93.9% of the time, and approximately two thirds reported requesting total cholesterol and lipid profile laboratory assessments.
AHRQ-funded; HS018646.
Citation: Aldrich H, Gance-Cleveland B, Schmiege S .
Identification and assessment of childhood obesity by school-based health center providers.
J Pediatr Health Care 2014 Nov-Dec;28(6):526-33. doi: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2014.05.002.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Guidelines, Education, Obesity, Prevention
Mohanan S, Tapp H, McWilliams A
Obesity and asthma: pathophysiology and implications for diagnosis and management in primary care.
This review summarizes existing data that support the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying the association between obesity and asthma, as well as the current and future state of treatment for the obese patient with asthma. It suggests that evidence of chronic inflammatory response linking obesity and asthma indicates a need to address obesity during asthma management, possibly by using patient-centered approaches such as shared decisionmaking.
AHRQ-funded; HS019946
Citation: Mohanan S, Tapp H, McWilliams A .
Obesity and asthma: pathophysiology and implications for diagnosis and management in primary care.
Exp Biol Med. 2014 Nov;239(11):1531-40. doi: 10.1177/1535370214525302..
Keywords: Obesity, Asthma, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Primary Care, Chronic Conditions
Davidson AJ, McCormick EV, Dickinson LM
Population-level obesity surveillance: monitoring childhood body mass index z-score in a safety-net system.
The objective of this study was to determine the utility of repeated patient-level body mass index (BMI) measurements among higher-risk patients seen at safety-net clinics as a community-level monitoring tool for overweight and obesity population trends. The researchers found that childhood obesity prevalence was high, with substantial progression to overweight and obesity from first to last visit and concluded that clinically derived BMI z-score per person-year measures can effectively show population trends not observed using standard weight status categories.
AHRQ-funded; HS021138.
Citation: Davidson AJ, McCormick EV, Dickinson LM .
Population-level obesity surveillance: monitoring childhood body mass index z-score in a safety-net system.
Acad Pediatr 2014 Nov-Dec;14(6):632-8. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2014.06.007.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Community-Based Practice, Obesity
Aldrich H, Gance-Cleveland B, Schmiege S
School-based health center providers' treatment of overweight children.
The purpose of this study was to determine self-reported treatment practices of school-based health center (SBHC) providers when caring for overweight/obese children. SBHC providers reported patient/parent barriers to be more significant to treatment than clinician/setting barriers. Most providers (97%) indicated childhood overweight needs treatment, yet only 36% indicated that they initiate treatment in children who do not want to control their weight. SBHC providers also did not commonly refer these children to specialists.
AHRQ-funded; HS018646.
Citation: Aldrich H, Gance-Cleveland B, Schmiege S .
School-based health center providers' treatment of overweight children.
J Pediatr Nurs 2014 Nov-Dec;29(6):521-7. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2014.05.007.
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Keywords: Care Management, Children/Adolescents, Education, Obesity, Prevention, Obesity: Weight Management
McCormick EV, Dickinson LM, Haemer MA
What can providers learn from childhood body mass index trajectories: a study of a large, safety-net clinical population.
The investigators described childhood weight gain using body mass index (BMI) z-score trajectories in a low-income urban safety-net population and identified among gender- and race/ethnicity-specific groups any trends for increased risk. They found that all gender and race/ethnicity subgroups showed increasing average BMI z-scores during childhood, with Hispanic boys and black girls showing the most significant increase during this observation period. They further found that many obese children were already overweight by age 3, and persistence of obesity after 3 years of age was high. They concluded that intervention before age 3 may be essential to curbing unhealthy weight trajectories.
AHRQ-funded; HS021138.
Citation: McCormick EV, Dickinson LM, Haemer MA .
What can providers learn from childhood body mass index trajectories: a study of a large, safety-net clinical population.
Acad Pediatr 2014 Nov-Dec;14(6):639-45. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2014.06.009.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Obesity, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Social Determinants of Health, Obesity: Weight Management
Holzer J, Canavan M, Bradley E
County-level correlation between adult obesity rates and prevalence of dentists.
The researchers conducted a study to examine the association between the prevalence of dentists and the rates of adult obesity. They found that having one additional dentist per 10,000 population was associated significantly with a 1-percentage point reduction in the rate of obesity. This effect was significantly larger in counties in which 25 percent of children or more (versus less than 25 percent of children) lived in poverty and in counties that had more primary care physicians per 10,000 population.
AHRQ-funded; HS017589.
Citation: Holzer J, Canavan M, Bradley E .
County-level correlation between adult obesity rates and prevalence of dentists.
J Am Dent Assoc 2014 Sep;145(9):932-9. doi: 10.14219/jada.2014.48.
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Keywords: Dental and Oral Health, Obesity, Risk, Social Determinants of Health
Sarpong EM
AHRQ Author: Sarpong EM
The impact of obesity on medication use and expenditures among nonelderly adults with asthma.
The author examined the impact of obesity on medication use and expenditures among nonelderly adults with asthma using the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. He found that obese classes II/III individuals were more likely to have current asthma, seek treatment for asthma, use more medications, and have higher medication and health care expenditures compared with normal weight individuals. His results suggested that reduction in body weight may help reduce health resource use and expenditures for nonelderly adults with asthma.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Sarpong EM .
The impact of obesity on medication use and expenditures among nonelderly adults with asthma.
J Health Care Poor Underserved 2014 Aug;25(3):1245-61. doi: 10.1353/hpu.2014.0142.
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Keywords: Asthma, Healthcare Costs, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), Medication, Obesity
Sorkin DH, Mavandadi S, Rook KS
AHRQ Author: Ngo-Metzger Q
Dyadic collaboration in shared health behavior change: the effects of a randomized trial to test a lifestyle intervention for high-risk Latinas.
The authors sought to evaluate the feasibility of a pilot, dyad-based lifestyle intervention, the Unidas por la Vida program, for improving weight loss and dietary intake among high-risk Mexican American mothers with Type 2 diabetes and their overweight/obese adult daughters. They found that, at 16 weeks, Unidas participants lost significantly more weight compared with the control participants, and intervention participants also were more likely to be eating foods with lower glycemic load and less saturated fat. They concluded that interventions that draw upon multiple people who share a health-risk have the potential to foster significant changes in lifestyle behaviors and in social network members' health-related involvement.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Sorkin DH, Mavandadi S, Rook KS .
Dyadic collaboration in shared health behavior change: the effects of a randomized trial to test a lifestyle intervention for high-risk Latinas.
Health Psychol 2014 Jun;33(6):566-75. doi: 10.1037/hea0000063.
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Keywords: Diabetes, Lifestyle Changes, Obesity, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Obesity: Weight Management
Hendrix KS, Carroll AE, Downs SM
Screen exposure and body mass index status in 2- to 11-year-old children.
This study was designed to test whether screen exposure predicts pediatric obesity risk in 2- to 11-year-old children. It found that having a TV in the bedroom was significantly related to an increased risk for BMI percentile greater than 85. However, it did not find that same association for watching more than 2 hours of TV or computer a day.
AHRQ-funded; HS017939; HS018453; HS020640
Citation: Hendrix KS, Carroll AE, Downs SM .
Screen exposure and body mass index status in 2- to 11-year-old children.
Clin Pediatr. 2014 Jun;53(6):593-600. doi: 10.1177/0009922814526973..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Obesity, Lifestyle Changes
Haas MC, Bodner EV, Brown CJ
Calorie restriction in overweight seniors: response of older adults to a dieting study: the CROSSROADS randomized controlled clinical trial.
The researchers conducted a study designed to evaluate whether the benefits of intentional weight loss exceed the potential risks in a group of community-dwelling obese older adults. The development and implementation of the CROSSROADS protocol, including a description of the methodology, as well as unique data management features of the trial results, are presented in this article.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Haas MC, Bodner EV, Brown CJ .
Calorie restriction in overweight seniors: response of older adults to a dieting study: the CROSSROADS randomized controlled clinical trial.
J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr 2014;33(4):376-400. doi: 10.1080/21551197.2014.965993..
Keywords: Elderly, Nutrition, Obesity
Leeman J, Teal R, Jernigan J
What evidence and support do state-level public health practitioners need to address obesity prevention.
This study describes interview and survey findings that detail how public health practitioners characterize the obesity prevention task, the types of evidence and support they find most helpful, and their needs for additional evidence and support. The researchers conducted 10 in-depth interviews with public health practitioners and project officers followed by an online survey completed by 62 practitioners.
AHRQ-funded; HS019468.
Citation: Leeman J, Teal R, Jernigan J .
What evidence and support do state-level public health practitioners need to address obesity prevention.
Am J Health Promot 2014 Jan-Feb;28(3):189-96. doi: 10.4278/ajhp.120518-QUAL-266..
Keywords: Obesity, Prevention, Public Health