National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
26 to 50 of 1430 Research Studies DisplayedElliott MN, Cohea CW, Lehrman WG
Accelerating improvement and narrowing gaps: trends in patients' experiences with hospital care reflected in HCAHPS public reporting.
The researchers describe the experiences of over 4 million patients discharged from hospitals that participated in the second and fifth years of Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) public reporting and assess the changes in HCAHPS scores across different types of hospital and patient groups. They found that HCAHPS scores increased by 2.8 percentage points from 2008 to 2011 in the most positive response category.
AHRQ-funded; HS016978.
Citation: Elliott MN, Cohea CW, Lehrman WG .
Accelerating improvement and narrowing gaps: trends in patients' experiences with hospital care reflected in HCAHPS public reporting.
Health Serv Res 2015 Dec;50(6):1850-67. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.12305..
Keywords: Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS), Hospitals, Quality of Care, Public Reporting
Kanzaria HK, McCabe AM, Meisel ZM
Advancing patient-centered outcomes in emergency diagnostic imaging: a research agenda.
This article provides background on patient-centered outcomes research (PCOR) in emergency diagnostic imaging. and the conclusions of the 2015 Academic Emergency Medicine consensus conference PCOR work group regarding "Diagnostic Imaging in the Emergency Department: A Research Agenda to Optimize Utilization." The goal was to determine a prioritized research agenda to establish which outcomes related to emergency diagnostic imaging are most important to patients, caregivers, and other key stakeholders.
AHRQ-funded; HS023498.
Citation: Kanzaria HK, McCabe AM, Meisel ZM .
Advancing patient-centered outcomes in emergency diagnostic imaging: a research agenda.
Acad Emerg Med 2015 Dec;22(12):1435-46. doi: 10.1111/acem.12832.
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Keywords: Emergency Department, Health Services Research (HSR), Imaging, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Kuehl DR, Berdahl CT, Jackson TD
Advancing the use of administrative data for emergency department diagnostic imaging research.
This article summarizes the discussions of the breakout session on the use of administrative data for emergency imaging research at the May 2015 Academic Emergency Medicine consensus conference, "Diagnostic Imaging in the Emergency Department: A Research Agenda to Optimize Utilization." The authors describe the areas where administrative data have been applied to research evaluating the use of diagnostic imaging in the ED, the common sources for these data, and the strengths and limitations of administrative data.
AHRQ-funded; HS023498.
Citation: Kuehl DR, Berdahl CT, Jackson TD .
Advancing the use of administrative data for emergency department diagnostic imaging research.
Acad Emerg Med 2015 Dec;22(12):1417-26. doi: 10.1111/acem.12827.
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Keywords: Data, Emergency Department, Health Services Research (HSR), Imaging
Cano MA, Vaughan EL, de Dios MA
Alcohol use severity among Hispanic emerging adults in higher education: Understanding the effect of cultural congruity.
This study examined associations of behavioral acculturation, behavioral enculturation, and cultural congruity (perception of cultural fit between the values of the academic environment and the student's personal values) with alcohol use severity (AUS); and tested if gender moderated those associations. It concluded that after controlling for demographic variables and depressive symptoms, behavioral acculturation and enculturation did not have a statistically significant association with AUS.
AHRQ-funded; HS017586.
Citation: Cano MA, Vaughan EL, de Dios MA .
Alcohol use severity among Hispanic emerging adults in higher education: Understanding the effect of cultural congruity.
Subst Use Misuse 2015;50(11):1412-20. doi: 10.3109/10826084.2015.1018538.
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Keywords: Alcohol Use, Substance Abuse, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Lifestyle Changes
Kronick R, Casalino LP, Bindman AB
AHRQ Author: Kronick R
Apple pickers or federal judges: strong versus weak incentives in physician payment.
The authors provide an introduction for five papers commissioned by AHRQ focusing on incentives for physicians that are featured in this special issue of Health Services Research. These papers concentrate on suggesting a conceptual framework for the use of financial incentives in health care, key implications of the evidence to date on pay for performance and public reporting in health care and several related topics.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Kronick R, Casalino LP, Bindman AB .
Apple pickers or federal judges: strong versus weak incentives in physician payment.
Health Serv Res 2015 Dec;50 Suppl 2:2049-56. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.12424.
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Keywords: Payment, Provider Performance, Policy, Health Services Research (HSR), Quality of Care, Healthcare Costs, Quality Improvement
Silverberg JI, Patel N, Immaneni S
Assessment of atopic dermatitis using self-report and caregiver report: a multicentre validation study.
The researchers sought to validate the assessment of self- and caregiver-reported eczema. They performed a prospective multicentre dermatology-practice-based study (three sites) to determine the validity of caregiver- and self-reported ever having eczema and 1-year history of eczema. Their conclusion was that self- and caregiver-reported diagnosis of eczema ever or in the past year based on a single question demonstrated sufficient validity for the epidemiological study of eczema.
AHRQ-funded; HS023011.
Citation: Silverberg JI, Patel N, Immaneni S .
Assessment of atopic dermatitis using self-report and caregiver report: a multicentre validation study.
Br J Dermatol 2015 Dec;173(6):1400-4. doi: 10.1111/bjd.14031.
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Keywords: Skin Conditions, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Caregiving
McGeorge N, Hedge S, Berg RL
Assessment of innovative emergency department information displays in a clinical simulation center.
The authors assessed the functional utility of new display concepts for an emergency department information system created using cognitive systems engineering methods, by comparing them to similar displays currently in use. They found that participants using the new displays showed improved situation awareness, demonstrating that cognitive systems engineering methods can be used to create innovative displays that better support emergency medicine tasks, without increasing workload, compared to more standard displays.
AHRQ-funded; HS020433.
Citation: McGeorge N, Hedge S, Berg RL .
Assessment of innovative emergency department information displays in a clinical simulation center.
J Cogn Eng Decis Mak 2015 Dec;9(4):329-46. doi: 10.1177/1555343415613723.
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Keywords: Healthcare Delivery, Emergency Department, Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Health Information Technology (HIT)
Yu SH, Silverberg JI
Association between atopic dermatitis and depression in US adults.
The researchers sought to determine the prevalence of depression in US adults with atopic dermatitis (AD). They concluded that approximately one in three US adults with AD reported any symptoms of depression and one in three adults with AD met diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder.
AHRQ-funded; HS023011.
Citation: Yu SH, Silverberg JI .
Association between atopic dermatitis and depression in US adults.
J Invest Dermatol 2015 Dec;135(12):3183-6. doi: 10.1038/jid.2015.337..
Keywords: Depression, Behavioral Health, Risk, Skin Conditions
Quan J, Lee AK, Handley MA
Automated telephone self-management support for diabetes in a low-income health plan: a health care utilization and cost analysis.
The objective was to determine whether automated telephone self-management support for low-income, linguistically diverse health plan members with diabetes affects health care utilization or cost. It found no significant differences in emergency department visits and hospitalizations or in costs.
AHRQ-funded; HS020684; HS017261; HS022561.
Citation: Quan J, Lee AK, Handley MA .
Automated telephone self-management support for diabetes in a low-income health plan: a health care utilization and cost analysis.
Popul Health Manag 2015 Dec;18(6):412-20. doi: 10.1089/pop.2014.0154.
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Keywords: Diabetes, Chronic Conditions, Patient Self-Management, Low-Income, Healthcare Costs
Goldstein SL
Automated/integrated real-time clinical decision support in acute kidney injury.
The author argues that early, real-time identification and notification to healthcare providers of patients at risk for, or with, acute or chronic kidney disease can drive simple interventions to reduce harm. Similarly, he believes that screening patients at risk for acute kidney injury with these platforms to alert research personnel will lead to improve study subject recruitment.
AHRQ-funded; HS023763; HS021114.
Citation: Goldstein SL .
Automated/integrated real-time clinical decision support in acute kidney injury.
Curr Opin Crit Care 2015 Dec;21(6):485-9. doi: 10.1097/mcc.0000000000000250.
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Keywords: Clinical Decision Support (CDS), Kidney Disease and Health, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Diagnostic Safety and Quality
Chen Y, Chu H, Luo S
Bayesian analysis on meta-analysis of case-control studies accounting for within-study correlation.
In this article, the researchers first extend the published results on a single 2 x 2 table to allow within study prior correlation while retaining the advantage of closed-form posterior formula, and then extend the results to multiple 2 x 2 tables and regression setting. The hyperparameters, including within study correlation, are estimated via an empirical Bayes approach.
AHRQ-funded; HS020666.
Citation: Chen Y, Chu H, Luo S .
Bayesian analysis on meta-analysis of case-control studies accounting for within-study correlation.
Stat Methods Med Res 2015 Dec;24(6):836-55. doi: 10.1177/0962280211430889.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Research Methodologies
Pillay J, Armstrong MJ, Butalia S
Behavioral programs for type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
The purpose of this review and meta-analysis was to determine the effects of behavioral programs for patients with type 1 diabetes on behavioral, clinical, and health outcomes and to investigate factors that might moderate effect. It concluded that behavioral programs for type 1 diabetes offer some benefit for glycemic control, at least at short-term follow-up, but improvement for other outcomes has not been shown.
AHRQ-funded; 2902012000131.
Citation: Pillay J, Armstrong MJ, Butalia S .
Behavioral programs for type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Ann Intern Med 2015 Dec 1;163(11):836-47. doi: 10.7326/m15-1399..
Keywords: Diabetes, Education: Patient and Caregiver, Patient Self-Management, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Lifestyle Changes, Chronic Conditions
Pillay J, Armstrong MJ, Butalia S
Behavioral programs for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
The purpose of this review was to identify factors moderating the effectiveness of behavioral programs for adults with type 2 diabetes. It concluded that diabetes self-management education offering 10 or fewer hours of contact with delivery personnel provided little benefit. Behavioral programs seem to benefit persons with suboptimal or poor glycemic control more than those with good control.
AHRQ-funded; 2902012000131.
Citation: Pillay J, Armstrong MJ, Butalia S .
Behavioral programs for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Ann Intern Med 2015 Dec 1;163(11):848-60. doi: 10.7326/m15-1400..
Keywords: Diabetes, Education: Patient and Caregiver, Patient Self-Management, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Lifestyle Changes, Chronic Conditions
Berenson RA, Rice T
Beyond measurement and reward: methods of motivating quality improvement and accountability.
The article examines public policies designed to improve quality and accountability that do not rely on financial incentives and public reporting of provider performance. It concludes that public policies related to quality improvement should focus more on methods of enhancing professional intrinsic motivation, while recognizing the potential role of organizations to actively promote and facilitate that motivation.
AHRQ-funded
Citation: Berenson RA, Rice T .
Beyond measurement and reward: methods of motivating quality improvement and accountability.
Health Serv Res 2015 Dec;50 Suppl 2:2155-86. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.12413.
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Keywords: Quality Improvement, Policy, Provider Performance, Quality of Care, Payment
Lee GE, Fisher BT, Xiao R
Burden of influenza-related hospitalizations and attributable mortality in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
The researchers investigated the rate of influenza hospitalizations and attributable mortality in children with cancer. They concluded that the burden of influenza-related hospitalizations in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia is high and associated with significantly increased resource utilization and attributable mortality.
AHRQ-funded; HS020939.
Citation: Lee GE, Fisher BT, Xiao R .
Burden of influenza-related hospitalizations and attributable mortality in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2015 Dec;4(4):290-6. doi: 10.1093/jpids/piu066..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Hospitalization, Influenza, Mortality, Children/Adolescents
Ericson JE, Popoola VO, Smith PB
Burden of invasive staphylococcus aureus infections in hospitalized infants.
This study compared demographics and mortality of inf ants with invasive methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible S aureus (MSSA), to determine the annual proportion of S aureus infections that were MRSA. It found that infant mortality after invasive MRSA and MSSA infections was similar, but MSSA caused more infections and more deaths in infants than MRSA.
AHRQ-funded; HS022872.
Citation: Ericson JE, Popoola VO, Smith PB .
Burden of invasive staphylococcus aureus infections in hospitalized infants.
JAMA Pediatr 2015 Dec;169(12):1105-11. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.2380..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Mortality, Hospitalization, Risk
Warnock DG, Powell TC, Donnelly JP
Categories of hospital-associated acute kidney injury: time course of changes in serum creatinine values.
The objective of this study was to categorize hospital-associated acute kidney injury (HA-AKI) based on the timing of minimum and peak inpatient serum creatinine (sCr) and describe the association with inpatient mortality. It concluded that risk of short-term inpatient mortality is associated with AKI, and this risk is attenuated with recovery of kidney function in the hospital.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Warnock DG, Powell TC, Donnelly JP .
Categories of hospital-associated acute kidney injury: time course of changes in serum creatinine values.
Nephron 2015;131(4):227-36. doi: 10.1159/000441956.
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Keywords: Kidney Disease and Health, Adverse Events, Hospitalization, Mortality
Hamblin RJ, Lewin AB, Salloum A
Clinical characteristics and predictors of hoarding in children with anxiety disorders.
This investigation was conducted to describe the clinical characteristics of anxious children with significant hoarding behavior and to examine the contributions of anxiety, obsessive compulsive, and inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive symptoms in the prediction of hoarding. Its findings suggest a pattern of behavioral and emotional dysregulation for children who hoard and provide further insight into the relationships between anxiety, attention problems, and hoarding.
AHRQ-funded; HS018665.
Citation: Hamblin RJ, Lewin AB, Salloum A .
Clinical characteristics and predictors of hoarding in children with anxiety disorders.
J Anxiety Disord 2015 Dec;36:9-14. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.07.006.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Anxiety, Behavioral Health
Risko R, Merdan S, Womble PR
Clinical predictors and recommendations for staging computed tomography scan among men with prostate cancer.
This study identified clinical variables associated with a positive computed tomography (CT) scan and estimated the performance of imaging recommendations in patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer. It found that implementation of criterion for CT imaging that includes PSA levels greater than 20, a Gleason score of 8 or higher, or locally advanced disease (interpreted as cT3/4) would ensure that CT scans are performed for almost all men who would test positive for metastases.
AHRQ-funded; HS018346
Citation: Risko R, Merdan S, Womble PR .
Clinical predictors and recommendations for staging computed tomography scan among men with prostate cancer.
Urology. 2014 Dec;84(6):1329-34. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2014.07.051..
Keywords: Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Imaging
Hall JA, Ship AN, Ruben MA
Clinically relevant correlates of accurate perception of patients' thoughts and feelings.
The goal of the study was to explore the clinical relevance of accurate understanding of patients' thoughts and feelings. It found that accuracy in understanding patients' thoughts and feelings was significantly correlated with nursing students' clinical course experience, clinicians' favorable attitudes to psychosocial discussion, standardized patients' evaluations of medical students' interpersonal skill, and independent coding of medical students' patient-centered behavior while taking a social history.
AHRQ-funded; HS018942.
Citation: Hall JA, Ship AN, Ruben MA .
Clinically relevant correlates of accurate perception of patients' thoughts and feelings.
Health Commun 2015;30(5):423-9. doi: 10.1080/10410236.2013.865507.
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Keywords: Provider: Health Personnel, Clinician-Patient Communication
Stockmann C, Ampofo K, Pavia AT
Comparative effectiveness of oral versus outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy for empyema.
This study compared outcomes between oral therapy and (outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) for pediatric parapneumonic empyema (PPE) . The frequency of complications was similar with oral therapy and OPAT for children with PPE. Oral antibiotics may be considered safe and effective for children with PPE who will be discharged to complete therapy in the outpatient setting.
AHRQ-funded; HS023320.
Citation: Stockmann C, Ampofo K, Pavia AT .
Comparative effectiveness of oral versus outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy for empyema.
Hosp Pediatr 2015 Dec;5(12):605-12. doi: 10.1542/hpeds.2015-0100.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Medication, Hospitalization, Children/Adolescents
Moore CL, Broder J, Gunn ML
Comparative effectiveness research: alternatives to "traditional" computed tomography use in the acute care setting.
The goal was to seek consensus in identifying and prioritizing research questions and themes that involve the comparative effectiveness of "traditional" computed tomography use versus alternative diagnostic strategies in the acute care setting. A modified Delphi technique was used that included input from emergency physicians, emergency radiologists, medical physicists, and an industry expert to achieve this.
AHRQ-funded; HS021271; HS023498.
Citation: Moore CL, Broder J, Gunn ML .
Comparative effectiveness research: alternatives to "traditional" computed tomography use in the acute care setting.
Acad Emerg Med 2015 Dec;22(12):1465-73. doi: 10.1111/acem.12831.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Imaging, Critical Care, Emergency Medical Services (EMS)
Kuo DZ, Hall M, Agrawal R
Comparison of health care spending and utilization among children with Medicaid insurance.
This study's objectives were to assess health care and spending among children with Medicaid insurance by their resource use. It found that as resource use increases in children with Medicaid, spending rises unevenly across health services: Spending on primary care rises modestly compared with other health services.
AHRQ-funded; HS023092.
Citation: Kuo DZ, Hall M, Agrawal R .
Comparison of health care spending and utilization among children with Medicaid insurance.
Pediatrics 2015 Dec;136(6):1521-9. doi: 10.1542/peds.2015-0871.
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Keywords: Medicaid, Healthcare Utilization, Children/Adolescents, Healthcare Costs, Health Services Research (HSR)
Almario CV, Chey WD, Iriana S
Computer versus physician identification of gastrointestinal alarm features.
This study's objective was to compare the number of alarms documented by physicians during usual care vs. that collected by a computer algorithm called Automated Evaluation of Gastrointestinal Symptoms (AEGIS). AEGIS identified more patients with positive alarm features compared to physicians and also documented more positive alarms. Moreover, clinicians documented only 30% of the positive alarms self-reported by patients through AEGIS.
AHRQ-funded; HS000046.
Citation: Almario CV, Chey WD, Iriana S .
Computer versus physician identification of gastrointestinal alarm features.
Int J Med Inform 2015 Dec;84(12):1111-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2015.07.006.
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Keywords: Clinical Decision Support (CDS), Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Digestive Disease and Health, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Patient Safety
Roth JA, Ramsey SD, Carlson JJ
Cost-effectiveness of a biopsy-based 8-protein prostate cancer prognostic assay to optimize treatment decision making in Gleason 3 + 3 and 3 + 4 early stage prostate cancer.
A novel 8-protein prognostic assay generates a risk score at time of biopsy that is predictive of prostate cancer aggressiveness and can inform treatment decisions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of using the assay to inform treatment decisions compared with usual care. The 8-protein assay strategy resulted in 0.04 more quality-adjusted life years and $700 less in costs compared with usual care.
AHRQ-funded; HS022982.
Citation: Roth JA, Ramsey SD, Carlson JJ .
Cost-effectiveness of a biopsy-based 8-protein prostate cancer prognostic assay to optimize treatment decision making in Gleason 3 + 3 and 3 + 4 early stage prostate cancer.
Oncologist 2015 Dec;20(12):1355-64. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2015-0214.
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Keywords: Cancer, Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Healthcare Costs, Decision Making